tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31977313314258011242024-03-12T16:16:01.765-07:00The World Most Healthy Foods RecipesPlease note that all articles written by Kyle. J. Norton are for information and education only, please consult with your doctor or related field specialist before applying.
" Let Food Be Your Medicine, Let Medicine Be Your Food" Hippocrates (460-377 BC)Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger339125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-70939626690912904842012-09-25T16:06:00.001-07:002014-04-18T05:45:04.783-07:004 Foods for Longevity and Diseases Free Part IV - SoyOver the years of research, 4 foods appeared mostly in medical studies in
preventing and treating diseases, are Green Tea, Grape seed and skin,
Turmeric and Soy. <b>All Right Reserved.</b><br />
<br />
<b>IV. Soy</b><br />
<b>A. Quoted from the world most healthy Foods</b><br />
<b><b>Soybean </b></b><br />
<b>Soybean </b> is genus Glycine, the family Fabaceae, one of the legumes that
contains twice as much protein per acre as any other major vegetable or
grain crop, native to Southeast Asia. Now, it is grown worldwide with
suitable climate for commercial profit and a a healthy foods.<br />
<br />
<b>Nutritional supplements</b><br />
1. Carbohydrates<br />
2. Dietary fiber<br />
3. Fat<br />
4. Protein<br />
5. Essential amino acid<br />
6. Vitamin A<br />
7. Vitamin B6<br />
8. Vitamin B12<br />
9. Vitamin C<br />
10. Vitamin K<br />
11. Calcium<br />
12. Iron<br />
13. Magnesium<br />
14. Phosphorus<br />
15. Potassium<br />
16. Sodium<br />
17. Zinc<br />
18. Etc.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Health benefits</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">A. Health Benefits according to studies</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Insulin sensitive</span><br />
Soybean helps to normalize<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> plasma glucose and insulin homeostasis, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Increased
insulin sensitivity and changes in the expression profile of key
insulin regulatory genes and beta cell transcription factors in
diabetic KKAy-mice after feeding with a </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">soy bean</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> protein rich diet high in isoflavone content</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Nordentoft%20I%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Nordentoft I, Jeppesen PB, Hong J, Abudula R, Hermansen K.(a)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Cardiovascular diseases</span><br />
<span class="highlight">Soy</span>
protein reduces reduces the levels of serum lipoprotein, decrease in
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC),
LDL-C/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),
triacylglycerol/HDL-C and TC/HDL-Cpostmenopausal women are at risk of
cardiovascular disease, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">soy bean</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> on serum paraoxonase 1 activity and lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women</span>" by Shidfar F, Ehramphosh E, Heydari I, Haghighi L, Hosseini S, Shidfar S.(b)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Adipogenesis and Adipolysis</span><br />
Germinated <span class="highlight">soy</span> bean protein hydrolysates had an effect on inhibition of lipid storage in adypocites and increasing lipolysis, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effect of Germinated Soybean Protein Hydrolysates on Adipogenesis and Adipolysis in 3T3-L1 Cells</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Gonz%C3%A1lez-Espinosa%20de%20Los%20Monteros%20LA%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>González-Espinosa de Los Monteros LA, Ramón-Gallegos E, Torres-Torres N, Mora-Escobedo R.(c)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Antioxidant effects</span><br />
Extract from Virginia-grown <span class="highlight">soybean</span>
seeds had exerted its antioxidant effect when compared for their
total phenolic contents (TPC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity
(ORAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH(*)) scavenging
activities, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Comparison of different strategies for </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">soybean</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">antioxidant</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extraction</span>" by Chung H, Ji X, Canning C, Sun S, Zhou K.(d)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Diabetes and hypertension</span><span class="highlight"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span>Soybean</span> phenolic-rich extracts has exerted the inhibitory activities of phenolic-rich extracts from <span class="highlight">soybean</span> on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activities in vitro, according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Soybean</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">
phenolic-rich extracts inhibit key-enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes
(α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and hypertension (angiotensin I
converting enzyme) in vitro</span>" by Ademiluyi AO, Oboh G.(e)<br />
<br />
6. Etc.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B. Health Benefits according to the concentration</span><br />
1. <b>Molybdenum</b><br />
Molybdenum
cofactor is vital for human enzymes, including xanthine oxidase,
sulfite oxidase, and aldehyde oxidase, Deficiency may cause<b> Prenatal brain disruption</b>, according to the study of "<b>Prenatal brain disruption in molybdenum cofactor deficiency"</b> by Carmi-Nawi N, Malinger G, Mandel H, Ichida K, Lerman-Sagie T, Lev D.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Tryptophan</span><br />
Tryptophan
beside is the precosur of serotonin as it is famous in inducing sleep
if it taken in high dose,according to the study of "<b>Improving
the quality of infant sleep through the inclusion at supper of
cereals enriched with tryptophan, adenosine-5'-phosphate, and
uridine-5'-phosphate</b>" by Cubero J, Chanclón B, Sánchez S,
Rivero M, Rodríguez AB, Barriga C.(2), it also enhances the neural
responses cayused by depression, according to the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The effects of tryptophan depletion on neural responses to emotional words in remitted depression</span>" by Roiser JP, Levy J, Fromm SJ, Nugent AC, Talagala SL, Hasler G, Henn FA, Sahakian BJ, Drevets WC.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. </span><b style="font-weight: bold;">Mangannese</b><br />
It is one of important trace in preventing osteroposis, according to the study of "<b>[Study of estrogen deficiency impact on manganese levels in teeth and mandible of rats after ovariectomy].</b>
[Article in Polish]" by Rahnama M, Błoniarz J, Zareba S, Swiatkowski
W.(4)and regulating blood sugar level, according to the study of "<b>[An inadequate intake of manganese may favour insulin resistance in girls].</b> [Article in Spanish]" by Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Bermejo LM, López-Sobaler AM, Ortega RM.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Protein</span><br />
Protein in Soybean is not only beneficial to the cardiovascular diseases, according to the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Soy protein</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, isoflavones, and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">cardiovascular</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> health: an American Heart Association Science Advisory for professionals from the Nutrition Committee</span>"
by Sacks FM, Lichtenstein A, Van Horn L, Harris W, Kris-Etherton P,
Winston M; American Heart Association Nutrition Committee(6), but also
plays an important role in treating diabetes, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">soy protein</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">
and isoflavones on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity: a 6-mo
double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in postmenopausal
Chinese women with prediabetes or untreated early </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">diabetes</span>" by Liu ZM, Chen YM, Ho SC, Ho YP, Woo J.(7)<br />
<br />
5. Etc.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">C. Other health benefits</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Aspartic acid</span><br />
Aspartic
acid not only helps to protect the body from drug toxicity and
radiation, it also plays an essential role for the brain in information
transmitting across the synapse, thus enhancing the learning and memory
mechanism, according to the study of "Disinhibition-Mediated LTP in
the Hippocampus is <span class="highlight">Synapse</span> Specific" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Ormond%20J%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Ormond J, Woodin MA., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21954377">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21954377</a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Histidine</span><br />
Histidine
plays an important role in promoting white and red blood cells, thus
increasing the immune system in fight against forming of free radical
and reducing the risk anemia., according to the study of "The role of <span class="highlight">histidine</span> in the <span class="highlight">anemia</span> of folate deficiency" by Cooperman JM, Lopez R., posted in PubMed <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12486209">(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12486209</a>), researchers concluded that concluded that folate deficiency causes <span class="highlight">histidine</span> depletion through increased urinary excretion of this amino acid. Feeding <span class="highlight">histidine</span> replenishes tissue levels of <span class="highlight">histidine</span>, resulting in hemoglobin regeneration. Folic acid administration results in return of <span class="highlight">histidine</span> to normal urinary levels. Thus, a combination of folic acid <span class="highlight">histidine</span> would be beneficial for folate deficient individuals.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Serine</span><br />
As
an amino acid, serine in soybean not only helps to maintain proper
muscle build up by synthesizing fatty acids and proteins, it also is
important for brain in to transport information between themselves and
cells in other parts of the body, according to the study of "Transport
systems of <span class="highlight">serine</span> at the <span class="highlight">brain</span> barriers and in <span class="highlight">brain</span> parenchymal <span class="highlight">cells</span>" by Kasai Y, Tachikawa M, Hirose S, Akanuma S, Hosoya K., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21592122">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21592122</a>)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Alanine</span><br />
Alanine not only is essential in production of energy in glucose synthesis (according to the study of<span class="highlight">Glucose</span> and insulin effects on the novo amino acid <span class="highlight">synthesis</span> in young men: studies with stable isotope labeled <span class="highlight">alanine</span>, glycine, leucine, and lysine" by Robert JJ, Bier DM, Zhao XH, Matthews DE, Young VR., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6815417">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6815417</a>) it also enhances the immune system in production of anti bodies., according to the study of "The <span class="highlight">immune</span>
response of tetraparental mice to two synthetic amino acid polymers:
"high-conjugation" 2,4 dinitrophenyl-glutamic acid57-lysine38-alanine5
(DNP-GLA5) and glutamic acid60 alanine30 tyrosine10 (GAT10)" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Warner%20CM%22%5BAuthor%5D"> Warner CM</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Fitzmaurice%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D">Fitzmaurice M</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Maurer%20PH%22%5BAuthor%5D">Maurer PH</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Merryman%20CF%22%5BAuthor%5D">Merryman CF</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Schmerr%20MJ%22%5BAuthor%5D">Schmerr MJ</a>., posted in The Journey of Immunology (<a href="http://www.jimmunol.org/content/111/6/1887">http://www.jimmunol.org/content/111/6/1887</a>)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Isoleucine</span><br />
Another
animo acid helps to maintain the body tissues and store glycogen in
muscles thereby reducing the risk of muscle breaking down during
physical activity., according to the study of "<span class="highlight">Isoleucine</span>,
a potent plasma glucose-lowering amino acid, stimulates glucose uptake
in C2C12 myotubes" by Doi M, Yamaoka I, Fukunaga T, Nakayama M.,
posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14651987">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14651987</a>), researchers that <span class="highlight">isoleucine</span>
stimulates the insulin-independent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle
cells, which may contribute to the plasma glucose-lowering effect of <span class="highlight">isoleucine</span> in normal rats.<br />
<br />
6. Etc.<br />
<br />
<b>Tofu or bean curd</b> <br />
<div>
<b>Tofu or bean curd</b> is soft white blocks made by coagulating soy
milk with substance such as salt or acid or enzyne, a stable emulsion
of oil, water, and protein that can be made into tofu, originated from
Chinese and part of East and Southeast Asian. Since it is proven to be
one of many healthy foods, it become synonymous with vegetarianism and
others.</div>
<br />
<div>
<b>Nutritional Supplements</b></div>
<div>
1. Protein</div>
<div>
2. Carbohydrate</div>
<div>
3. Omega 3 fatty acid</div>
<div>
4. Vitamin A</div>
<div>
5. B vitamin</div>
<div>
6. Magnesium</div>
<div>
7. Sodium</div>
<div>
8. Manganese</div>
<div>
9. Selenium</div>
<div>
10. Copper</div>
<div>
11. Phosphorus</div>
<div>
12. Calcium</div>
<div>
13. Potassium</div>
<div>
14. Iron</div>
<div>
15. Isoflavones</div>
<div>
16. Etc.</div>
<br />
<div>
<b>Health benefits<br />A. Health benefits according to studies<br />1. Hair loss</b>
In the orally administered soymetide-4 (MITL), an immunostimulating
peptide derived from soybean beta-conglycinin alpha' and it effect on
hair loss found that PGE2, which is produced after activation of COX by
soymetide-4, might suppress apoptosis of hair matrix cells and
etoposide-induced alopecia by activating NF-kappaB, according to
"Anti-alopecia mechanisms of soymetide-4, an immunostimulating peptide
derived from soy beta-conglycinin" by Tsuruki T, Takahata K, Yoshikawa
M.<b>(a)<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">b. </span></b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Metabolic syndrome</span><b><br />In the </b>assessment
of the effect of low daily intake of soybeans in oxidative stress and
it effects on the metabolic syndrome (MS) found that Low intake of soy
protein for 90 days, besides being well tolerated by the patients,
was able to improve several parameters related to the pathophysiology
of MS, according to the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">[Evaluation
of the intake of a low daily amount of soybeans in oxidative stress,
lipid and inflammatory profile, and insulin resistance in patients
with metabolic syndrome].[Article in Portuguese]</span><b> by </b>Bahls LD, Venturini D, Scripes Nde A, Lozovoy MA, Simão TN, Simão AN, Dichi I, Morimoto HK.(b)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Cancer prevention</span><br />
In the evaluation of Soy isoflavones and it effects on cancers found that Soy isoflavones, linked to reduced <span class="highlight">cancer</span>
risk in Asian epidemiology, may suppress cox-2 induction by
activating ERbeta. In aggregate, these considerations suggest that a
comprehensive lifestyle strategy targeting cox-2 expression and
bioactivity may have tremendous potential for <span class="highlight">cancer</span> prevention, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Minimizing the </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">cancer</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">-promotional activity of cox-2 as a central strategy in </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">cancer</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> prevention</span>" by McCarty MF.<b>(c)<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">4. </span></b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Lung cancer </span><b><br /></b>In the Comparison to lung tumor nodules treated with soy isoflavones or radiation, lung tissues from mice<b style="font-weight: normal;"> found that </b>Soy
isoflavones augment destruction of A549 lung tumor nodules by
radiation, and also mitigate vascular damage, inflammation and fibrosis
caused by radiation injury to normal lung tissue. Soy could be used as
a non-toxic complementary approach to improve RT in NSCLC., according
to "Soy isoflavones radiosensitize lung <span class="highlight">cancer</span>
while mitigating normal tissue injury" by Hillman GG, Singh-Gupta V,
Runyan L, Yunker CK, Rakowski JT, Sarkar FH, Miller S, Gadgeel SM, Sethi
S, Joiner MC, Konski AA.<b>(d)<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">5. </span></b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Body weight and glycemic control </span><b><br />In the investigation of </b>Soy
isoflavones and it affects on plasma lipids, body weight, and insulin
action, found that glucose tolerance tests in adult females were not
significantly different with diet, but offspring eating TAD soy had
increased glucose disappearance with overall lower glucose and insulin
responses to the glucose challenge compared with typical American diet
(TAD) casein, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effects of soy vs. casein protein on body weight and glycemic control in female monkeys and their offspring</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Wagner%20JD%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Wagner JD, Jorgensen MJ, Cline JM, Lees CJ, Franke AA, Zhang L, Ayers MR, Schultz C, Kaplan JR.<b>(e)<br /><br />6. Etc.<br /><br />B. Health Benefits according to the concentration<br />1. </b><b>Tryptophan</b><br />
<div>
Tryptophan
is one of the 10 essential amino acids which the body uses to
synthesize the proteins for brain cells need, thus enhancing the nerve
cells in information transmitting between themselves and cells in the
parts of the body that reduces the risk of anxiety and depression,
according to the study of "<b>The effects of tryptophan depletion on neural responses to emotional words in remitted depression</b>" by Roiser JP, Levy J, Fromm SJ, Nugent AC, Talagala SL, Hasler G, Henn FA, Sahakian BJ, Drevets WC.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Manganese</span><br />
It
is one of important trace in preventing osteoporosis, according to
the study of "[Study of estrogen deficiency impact on manganese levels
in teeth and mandible of rats after ovariectomy]. [Article in Polish]"
by Rahnama M, Błoniarz J, Zareba S, Swiatkowski W.(1)and regulating
blood sugar level, according to the study of <span style="font-weight: bold;">"[An inadequate intake of manganese may favour insulin resistance in girls]. [Article in Spanish]</span>" by Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Bermejo LM, López-Sobaler AM, Ortega RM.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Iron</span><br />
Iron
beside is important in enhance the oxygen absorption ti nourish the
cells and organs in the body but also form a vital role in the effect of
Erythropoietic Stimulating Agents (ESA) hyporesponsiveness, according
to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Iron</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Supplementation on Erythropoietic Response in Patients with </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Cancer</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">-Associated Anemia Treated by Means of Erythropoietic Stimulating Agents</span>" by Karlsson T.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Protein</span><br />
In the evaluation of soy protein diet abd it effects on serum creatinine, found that <span class="highlight">soy</span>
feeding was associated with higher renal and hepatic linoleic acid
content and higher hepatic alpha-linolenic acid, but lower hepatic
arachidonic acid content. and concluded that Isocaloric <span class="highlight">soy</span>
protein feeding ameliorates both epithelial and interstitial changes
in the Han:SPRD-cy rat independent of a hypocholesterolemic effect.
The histologic <span class="highlight">benefit</span>
is associated with changes in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism
that may influence both inflammatory and proliferative pathways,
according to the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Modification of polycystic kidney disease and fatty acid status by soy protein diet</span>" by Ogborn MR, Nitschmann E, Weiler HA, Bankovic-Calic N.(4)</div>
<b><br />C. Others Health benefit</b></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
1. Isoflavones</div>
<div>
Isoflavones
is one of the most powerful phytoestrogen, which not only helps to
reduce symptoms of peri-menopause and menopause due to decreasing of the
reproduction of estrogen as aging ( in the evaluation of the effect of
red clover isoflavone supplementation over vasomotor and overall
menopausal <span class="highlight">symptoms</span> in postmenopausal women, posted in PubMed(<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870906">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870906</a>)
, researchers found that Red clover isoflavone supplementation was
more effective than placebo in reducing daily vasomotor frequency and
overall menopausal intensity in postmenopausal women.), it also helps to
protect against the development of endometrial carcinoma as well as
prolonging the <span class="highlight">menstrual cycle</span>, ( according to the study of "The effect of phytoestrogens on the female genital tract" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Burton%20JL%22%5BAuthor%5D"> Burton JL</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Wells%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D">Wells M</a>.,
posted in PubMed, researchers found that this review will discuss the
evidence from both animal studies and humans for an effect of these
ubiquitous compounds on the development of the human female genital
tract, in addition to prolonging the <span class="highlight">menstrual cycle</span>, alleviating symptoms of the menopause, and protecting against the development of endometrial carcinoma.</div>
<br />
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
2. Cardiovascular Benefits</div>
<div>
Research
found that protein of tofu significantly decreases the serum
cholesterol by decreasing the levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) but
leaving the good cholesterol (HDL) remain the same According to the
study of "Effect of <span class="highlight">soy</span> and milk <span class="highlight">protein</span> supplementation on serum lipid levels: a randomized controlled trial" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Wofford%20MR%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Wofford MR, Rebholz CM, Reynolds K, Chen J, Chen CS, Myers L, Xu J, Jones DW, Whelton PK, He J., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21952693">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21952693</a>)). It also benefits the cardiovascular health (according to the study of "<span class="highlight">Soy protein</span>, isoflavones, and <span class="highlight">cardiovascular</span> <span class="highlight">health</span>:
an American Heart Association Science Advisory for professionals from
the Nutrition Committee" by Sacks FM, Lichtenstein A, Van Horn L,
Harris W, Kris-Etherton P, Winston M; American Heart Association
Nutrition Committee. posted PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418439">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418439</a>)</div>
<br />
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
3. Iron and copper</div>
<div>
The
ratio of iron and copper is essential to enhance the proper levels of
hemoglobin in energy production by transporting and releasing oxygen
throughout the body, according to the study of "Influence of <span class="highlight">copper</span>, iron, <span class="highlight">zinc</span> and fe (3) (+) <span class="highlight">haemoglobin</span> levels on the etiopathogenesis of chronic calcific pancreatitis--a study in patients with pancreatitis" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Arumugam%20G%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Arumugam G, Padmanaban M, Krishnan D, Panneerselvam S, Rajagopal S., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20809271">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20809271</a>, researchers found that the results of the present study revealed that the levels of <span class="highlight">copper</span> and iron, the pro-oxidants and <span class="highlight">zinc</span>
and selenium may influence calcification process in CCP patients.
Hypoxia-related tissue injury due to the formation of oxidised <span class="highlight">haemoglobin</span> may also contribute to the pathogenesis of calcification in pancreas. </div>
<br />
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
4. Superoxide dismutase</div>
<div>
Superoxide
dismutase are an important antioxidant defense in nearly all cells
exposed to oxygen as a class of enzymes that catalyzes the dismutation
of free radicals due to existence of copper and Zn in tofu (according to
the study of "Cu,Zn-<span class="highlight">superoxide dismutase</span> gene dosage and cell resistance to oxidative stress: a review" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Peskin%20AV%22%5BAuthor%5D"> Peskin AV</a>., posted in Pubmed, researchers found that<br />
There
are data that increasing only Cu,Zn-SOD can be toxic, and the balance
between Cu,Zn-SOD and peroxide-removing enzymes is supposed to be of
prime importance in the antioxidant defence. Role of Cu,Zn-SOD
deregulation in carcinogenesis is discussed.</div>
<br />
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
5. Menstrual cramp and pain</div>
<div>
The
existence of Omega 3 fatty acid reduces the production of
prostaglandin hormone, by balancing the ratio of Omega 3 and 6 fatty
acids, resulting in lessening the movement of abdominal muscle that
cause menstrual cramps and pain , according to the study of "Effect of
Clupeonella grimmi (anchovy/kilka) fish oil on dysmenorrhoea" by
Moghadamnia AA, Mirhosseini N, Abadi MH, Omranirad A, Omidvar S.,
posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20795425">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20795425</a>), researchers found that There was also a marked reduction in low back <span class="highlight">pain</span> and abdominal <span class="highlight">pain</span> (P < 0.05), and participants needed significantly fewer rescue doses of ibuprofen while using fish oil.</div>
<br />
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
6. Selenium</div>
<div>
Selenium
is classified as one of antioxidant trace mineral that helps to
increase the immune function to fight the forming of free radicals,
infection and inflammation caused by oxidation, irregular cells growth,
virus and bacteria, etc., according tothe study of "Protective role of
intraperitoneally administrated vitamin E and <span class="highlight">selenium</span> on the levels of total <span class="highlight">lipid</span>, total <span class="highlight">cholesterol</span>, and fatty acid composition of muscle and liver tissues in rats" by Yilmaz O, Celik S, Cay M, Naziroğlu M., posted in <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9027584">PubMed</a>, researchers found that the level of total <span class="highlight">lipid</span> and <span class="highlight">cholesterol</span>
in muscle and liver tissues were reduced by administrating vitamin E
and Se together. Additionally, the fatty acid synthesis in the muscle
and liver tissues was decreased by this process) and prevent plague
accumulated cause of Atherosclerosis (according to the study of
'Vitamin-mineral supplementation and the progression of <span class="highlight">atherosclerosis</span>:
a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials" by Bleys J, Miller ER
3rd, Pastor-Barriuso R, Appel LJ, Guallar E., posted in <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023716">PubMed</a>) thus reducing the risk of heart diseases and hypertension.</div>
<br />
<div>
7. Etc.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Soy sauce</span><br />
<b>Soy sauce</b> is a seasoning produced by fermenting soybeans and <span class="mContent">filamentous fungus, along with water and salt after a period of sometime, it yields a </span>moromi or thick mash of cereal to obtain soy sauce by pressing it to liquid form. <span class="mContent">Tamari</span> <span class="mContent">is
made by collecting the liquid which was pressed and the liquid drained
drains from miso after a certain time of fermentation. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Nutritional supplements</span><br />
1. Sodium<br />
2. protein<br />
3. Fat<br />
4. Niacin (Vitamin B3)<br />
5. Iron<br />
6. Manganese<br />
7. Magnesium<br />
7. Phosphorus<br />
8. Riboflavin<br />
9. Vitamin B6<br />
10. Isoflavones<br />
11. Etc<br />
<br />
<b>A. Health benefits according to studies</b><br />
1. Cardiovascular health<br />
In
the investigation of dietary proteins and their effect in heart
diseases found that a direct cholesterol lowering effect of proteins has
not been shown. Despite earlier research indicating that <span class="highlight">soy</span>
protein has cardioprotective effects as compared to other proteins,
these observations have not been confirmed by randomized
placebo-controlled trials. However, most experts recommend the
consumption of <span class="highlight">foods</span>
rich in plant proteins as alternatives to meat and dairy products rich
in saturated fat and containing cholesterol, according to "Dietary
proteins and atherosclerosis" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Darioli%20R%22%5BAuthor%5D"> Darioli R</a>.(a)<br />
<br />
2. Perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR)<br />
In the study of isolated a halophilic lactic acid bacterium, Tetragenococcus halophilus Th221, from <span class="highlight">soy sauce</span>
moromi and the its effect on serum total immunoglobulin E, found that
The change in serum total immunoglobulin E improved significantly at
the end of the trial compared with the beginning in this group (p <
0.05). The safety of Th221 treatment was confirmed by laboratory tests
and inspection of the general condition of each subject and concluded
that Th221 can be expected to safely improve the symptoms of PAR,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Clinical efficacy of halophilic lactic acid bacterium Tetragenococcus halophilus Th221 from </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">soy sauce</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> moromi for perennial allergic rhinitis</span>" by Nishimura I, Igarashi T, Enomoto T, Dake Y, Okuno Y, Obata A.(b)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Anti-allergic activities </span><br />
In
the assessment of oral supplementation of Shoyu polysaccharides (SPS)
and its effective intervention for patients with perennial allergic
rhinitis found that evaluation of the medication's effectiveness after 4
weeks treatment showed significant differences between the SPS- and
placebo-treated groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, SPS of <span class="highlight">soy sauce</span> improved the quality of life for patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, and <span class="highlight">soy sauce</span> would be useful in an anti-allergic therapy utilizing everyday <span class="highlight">foods</span>, according to <span style="font-weight: bold;">"Quality of life improvement with </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">soy sauce</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ingredients,</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Shoyu polysaccharides, in perennial allergic rhinitis: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study</span>" by Kobayashi M, Matsushita H, Shioya I, Nagai M, Tsukiyama R, Saito M, Sugita T, Sugimura T, Yamamoto K.(c)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Breast cancer</span><br />
In the analyzing of Shoyu and on the gastric mucosa of the rat found that the animals given <span class="highlight">shoyu</span>
were smaller than the controls; 15 intact rats receiving the sauce
were healthy at 33 months compared with 7 controls. Only 9 of 50
operated rats lived 33 months. <span class="highlight">Breast</span> tumors developed in 10 control rats but in none given <span class="highlight">shoyu</span>. The distribution of other tumors was the same,... and concluded that <span class="highlight">Shoyu</span>
did not appear to be a carcinogen in the rat; its prolonged use
impaired neither health nor longevity. Long-term use was associated
with gastric mucus loss and nuclear changes in a few rats, occasionally
with a mild gastritis. according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Long-term effect of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">shoyu</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (Japanese soy sauce) on the gastric mucosa of the rat</span>" by MacDonald WC, Dueck JW.(4)<br />
<br />
<b>5. Hypolipidemic effect</b><br />
In the observation of Soy sauce (<span class="highlight">Shoyu</span>),
a traditional Japanese fermented seasoning and its effect on
cholesterol level found that in a 4-week randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled parallel group study, hyperlipidemic men (TG >150
mg/dl) were treated with 600 mg of SPS (n=15) or placebo (n=15)
daily. After 4 weeks, serum TG levels in the SPS-treated group were
significantly (P<0.05) lower than the baseline (0 week). In
conclusion, SPS of soy sauce reduce lipid absorption, and soy sauce is a
potentially promising seasoning for the treatment of hyperlipidemia
through food, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Hypolipidemic effect of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Shoyu</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> polysaccharides from soy sauce in animals and humans</span>"
by Kobayashi M, Magishi N, Matsushita H, Hashimoto T, Fujimoto M,
Suzuki M, Tsuji K, Saito M, Inoue E, Yoshikawa Y, Matsuura T.(e)<br />
<br />
6. Etc.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B. Health benefits according to concentration</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Tryptophan</span><br />
Tryptophan
is one of the 10 essential amino acids which the body uses to
synthesize the proteins for brain cells need, thus enhancing the
nerve cells in information transmitting between themselves and cells
in the parts of the body that reduces the risk of anxiety and
depression, according to the study of "<b>The effects of tryptophan depletion on neural responses to emotional words in remitted depression"</b> by Roiser JP, Levy J, Fromm SJ, Nugent AC, Talagala SL, Hasler G, Henn FA, Sahakian BJ, Drevets WC.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Manganese</span><br />
Manganese beside plays an vital role for the proper and normal growth of human bone structure (accodring to the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Bone</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> formation within alumina tubes: effect of calcium, </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">manganese</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, and chromium dopants</span>" by <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Pabbruwe%20MB%22%5BAuthor%5D">Pabbruwe MB</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Standard%20OC%22%5BAuthor%5D">Standard OC</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Sorrell%20CC%22%5BAuthor%5D">Sorrell CC</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Howlett%20CR%22%5BAuthor%5D">Howlett CR</a>., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15109850">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15109850</a>)), it also helps to reduce the risk of cancer, (according to the study of "The effects of 3, 4 or 5 amino salicylic acids on <span class="highlight">manganese</span>-induced <span class="highlight">neuronal</span> death: ER stress and mitochondrial complexes" by Yoon H, Lee GH, Kim DS, Kim KW, Kim HR, Chae HJ., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21477646">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21477646</a>
researchers indicated that the salicylate analogues and the
antioxidants did not mediate ER stress in this model. The salicylate
analogues reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reversed the
deficient mitochondrial membrane potential that was induced by Mn. Taken
together, the 3, 4, 5 ASA worked in a similar way, regulating the
Mn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and protecting cells.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Protein</span><br />
Protein
beside is important building block of bones, muscles, cartilage,
skin, and blood, it also enhances the nervous system in information
transmitting between cells and cells of the other parts of the body,
thus reducing the risk of nervous tension, (according to the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The planar polarity </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">protein</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Scribble1 is essential for neuronal plasticity and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">brain</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> function</span>"
by Moreau MM, Piguel N, Papouin T, Koehl M, Durand CM, Rubio ME, Loll
F, Richard EM, Mazzocco C, Racca C, Oliet SH, Abrous DN, Montcouquiol
M, Sans N, posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20660256">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20660256</a>)<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Sans%20N%22%5BAuthor%5D"><br /></a><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Niacin or vitamin B3</span><br />
Niacin
or vitamin B3 beside is important in production of energy in
metabolism of carbohydrate, it also essential for DNA repairing,
according to the study of `<span class="highlight">Niacin</span> deficiency delays <span class="highlight">DNA</span>
excision repair and increases spontaneous and nitrosourea-induced
chromosomal instability in rat bone marrow`by Kostecki LM, Thomas M,
Linford G, Lizotte M, Toxopeus L, Bartleman AP, Kirkland JB., posted in
PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17618655">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17618655</a>),
production of steroid hormones in the adrenal gland, improving blood
circulation and lowering the bad cholesterol (LDL) levels., according
to the study of `Lowering <span class="highlight">LDL</span> <span class="highlight">cholesterol</span> with margarine containing plant stanol/sterol esters: is it still relevant in 2011?`by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Doggrell%20SA%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Doggrell SA., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21296266">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21296266</a>)<br />
<br />
5. Etc.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">C. Other health benefits </span><br />
Since
soy sauce contains high amount of sodium, a trace mineral is
classified as a cause of heart diseases and stroke if eating in high
amount. In fact with correct amount, soy sauce not only helps to
replace the daily intake of sodium but also enhances health benefits<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Cholesterol</span><br />
Certain
studies found that certain types of soy sauce (popular in Chinese
cookery) have been shown to reduce the levels of bad cholesterol (LDL)
because of the existence of large amounts of the isoflavones, so choose
your soy sauce wisely, according to the study of `Soy <span class="highlight">isoflavones</span> lower serum total and LDL <span class="highlight">cholesterol</span>
in humans: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials`by Taku
K, Umegaki K, Sato Y, Taki Y, Endoh K, Watanabe S., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17413118">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17413118</a>)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Isoflavones</span><br />
Isoflavones
is one of the weak estrogen that can compete with estrogen for the
same receptor sites, as it decreasing the health risks of excess
estrogen, promoting healthy menstrual cycle and reducing the risk of
cancers caused by high levels of strong estrogen., according to the
study of `Red clover and soy <span class="highlight">isoflavones</span>-an in vitro safety assessment`by Reiter E, Gerster P, Jungbauer A., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801124">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801124</a>), researchers wrote that<br />
<span class="highlight">Isoflavones</span> and plant extracts significantly reduced the proliferation activity of the treated <span class="highlight">cancer</span> cell lines.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Riboflavin</span><br />
Riboflavin or vitamin B2 besides is important for the production of energy in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and <span class="mw-redirect">proteins </span>due
to its coenzymes, flavin adenine dinucleotide and Flavin
mononucleotide properties, it also is the best of natural element for
treating migraines and muscle pain reliever used together with
magnesium, according to the study of `<span class="highlight">Effectiveness</span> of <span class="highlight">high-dose</span> <span class="highlight">riboflavin</span> in <span class="highlight">migraine</span> <span class="highlight">prophylaxis</span>. A <span class="highlight">randomized controlled trial</span>`by Schoenen J, Jacquy J, Lenaerts M., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9484373">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9484373</a>)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Magnesium</span><br />
Magnesium
beside helps to maintain the right ratio with calcium, thus aiding the
digestive system in absorption of calcium, according to the study of
`Associations of <span class="highlight">calcium</span> and <span class="highlight">magnesium</span> in serum and hair with <span class="highlight">bone</span> mineral <span class="highlight">density</span> in premenopausal women`by Song CH, Barrett-Connor E, Chung JH, Kim SH, Kim KS., posted in PubMed <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848724">(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848724</a>) it also reduces the risk of irregular heart beat and impairs glucose tolerance, according to the study of `Dietary <span class="highlight">magnesium</span> deficiency induces <span class="highlight">heart</span>
rhythm changes, impairs glucose tolerance, and decreases serum
cholesterol in post menopausal women`by Nielsen FH, Milne DB, Klevay LM,
Gallagher S, Johnson L., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17536123">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17536123</a>)<br />
<br />
5. Etc.</div>
<br />
<b>B. Quoted From the world most healthy herbs</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Insulin sensitive</span><br />
Soybean helps to normalize<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> plasma glucose and insulin homeostasis, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Increased
insulin sensitivity and changes in the expression profile of key
insulin regulatory genes and beta cell transcription factors in
diabetic KKAy-mice after feeding with a </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">soy bean</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> protein rich diet high in isoflavone content</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Nordentoft%20I%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Nordentoft I, Jeppesen PB, Hong J, Abudula R, Hermansen K.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Cardiovascular diseases</span><br />
<span class="highlight">Soy</span>
protein reduces reduces the levels of serum lipoprotein, decrease in
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol
(TC), LDL-C/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),
triacylglycerol/HDL-C and TC/HDL-Cpostmenopausal women are at risk of
cardiovascular disease, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">soy bean</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> on serum paraoxonase 1 activity and lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women</span>" by Shidfar F, Ehramphosh E, Heydari I, Haghighi L, Hosseini S, Shidfar S.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Adipogenesis and Adipolysis</span><br />
Germinated <span class="highlight">soy</span> bean protein hydrolysates had an effect on inhibition of lipid storage in adypocites and increasing lipolysis, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effect of Germinated Soybean Protein Hydrolysates on Adipogenesis and Adipolysis in 3T3-L1 Cells</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Gonz%C3%A1lez-Espinosa%20de%20Los%20Monteros%20LA%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>González-Espinosa de Los Monteros LA, Ramón-Gallegos E, Torres-Torres N, Mora-Escobedo R.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Antioxidant effects</span><br />
Extract from Virginia-grown <span class="highlight">soybean</span>
seeds had exerted its antioxidant effect when compared for their
total phenolic contents (TPC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity
(ORAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH(*)) scavenging
activities, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Comparison of different strategies for </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">soybean</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">antioxidant</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extraction</span>" by Chung H, Ji X, Canning C, Sun S, Zhou K.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Diabetes and hypertension</span><span class="highlight"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span>Soybean</span> phenolic-rich extracts has exerted the inhibitory activities of phenolic-rich extracts from <span class="highlight">soybean</span> on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activities in vitro, according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Soybean</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">
phenolic-rich extracts inhibit key-enzymes linked to type 2
diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and hypertension (angiotensin
I converting enzyme) in vitro</span>" by Ademiluyi AO, Oboh G.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Aspartic acid</span><br />
Aspartic
acid not only helps to protect the body from drug toxicity and
radiation, it also plays an essential role for the brain in information
transmitting across the synapse, thus enhancing the learning and
memory mechanism, according to the study of "Disinhibition-Mediated
LTP in the Hippocampus is <span class="highlight">Synapse</span> Specific" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Ormond%20J%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Ormond J, Woodin MA., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21954377">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21954377</a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Histidine</span><br />
Histidine
plays an important role in promoting white and red blood cells, thus
increasing the immune system in fight against forming of free
radical and reducing the risk anemia., according to the study of "The
role of <span class="highlight">histidine</span> in the <span class="highlight">anemia</span> of folate deficiency" by Cooperman JM, Lopez R., posted in PubMed <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12486209">(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12486209</a>), researchers concluded that concluded that folate deficiency causes <span class="highlight">histidine</span> depletion through increased urinary excretion of this amino acid. Feeding <span class="highlight">histidine</span> replenishes tissue levels of <span class="highlight">histidine</span>, resulting in hemoglobin regeneration. Folic acid administration results in return of <span class="highlight">histidine</span> to normal urinary levels. Thus, a combination of folic acid <span class="highlight">histidine</span> would be beneficial for folate deficient individuals.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. Serine</span><br />
As
an amino acid, serine in soybean not only helps to maintain proper
muscle build up by synthesizing fatty acids and proteins, it also is
important for brain in to transport information between themselves and
cells in other parts of the body, according to the study of
"Transport systems of <span class="highlight">serine</span> at the <span class="highlight">brain</span> barriers and in <span class="highlight">brain</span> parenchymal <span class="highlight">cells</span>" by Kasai Y, Tachikawa M, Hirose S, Akanuma S, Hosoya K., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21592122">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21592122</a>)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. Alanine</span><br />
Alanine not only is essential in production of energy in glucose synthesis (according to the study of<span class="highlight">Glucose</span> and insulin effects on the novo amino acid <span class="highlight">synthesis</span> in young men: studies with stable isotope labeled <span class="highlight">alanine</span>, glycine, leucine, and lysine" by Robert JJ, Bier DM, Zhao XH, Matthews DE, Young VR., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6815417">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6815417</a>) it also enhances the immune system in production of anti bodies., according to the study of "The <span class="highlight">immune</span>
response of tetraparental mice to two synthetic amino acid polymers:
"high-conjugation" 2,4 dinitrophenyl-glutamic
acid57-lysine38-alanine5 (DNP-GLA5) and glutamic acid60 alanine30
tyrosine10 (GAT10)" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Warner%20CM%22%5BAuthor%5D"> Warner CM</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Fitzmaurice%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D">Fitzmaurice M</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Maurer%20PH%22%5BAuthor%5D">Maurer PH</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Merryman%20CF%22%5BAuthor%5D">Merryman CF</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Schmerr%20MJ%22%5BAuthor%5D">Schmerr MJ</a>., posted in The Journey of Immunology (<a href="http://www.jimmunol.org/content/111/6/1887">http://www.jimmunol.org/content/111/6/1887</a>)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Isoleucine</span><br />
Another
animo acid helps to maintain the body tissues and store glycogen in
muscles thereby reducing the risk of muscle breaking down during
physical activity., according to the study of "<span class="highlight">Isoleucine</span>,
a potent plasma glucose-lowering amino acid, stimulates glucose
uptake in C2C12 myotubes" by Doi M, Yamaoka I, Fukunaga T, Nakayama
M., posted in PubMed (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14651987">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14651987</a>), researchers that <span class="highlight">isoleucine</span>
stimulates the insulin-independent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle
cells, which may contribute to the plasma glucose-lowering effect of
<span class="highlight">isoleucine</span> in normal rats.<br />
<br />
<b>C. Quoted from Phytochemicals in Foods</b><br />
<div>
<b>Daidzein </b>is a phytochemical in the Isoflavones,
belonging to the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in
food of the family of legumes, soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover,
chickpeas, peanuts, etc. </div>
<b></b><b>1. Breast cancer</b><br />
In
the investigation of the anticancer effects and cellular apoptosis
pathways induced by daidzein, using human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line,
found that daidzein-induced ROS generation was accompanied by
disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, down-regulation of
bcl-2, and up-regulation of bax, which led to the release of cytochrome
C from the mitochondria into the cytosol, which, in turn, resulted in
the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-7, and ultimately in cell
death, The induction of the mitochondrial caspase-dependent pathway was
confirmed by pretreatment with pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk and
antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine, according to "<b>Daidzein induces MCF-7 breast cancer cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway</b>" by Jin S, Zhang QY, Kang XM, Wang JX, Zhao WH.(1)<br />
<br />
<div>
<b>2. Ameliorative effect</b> </div>
<div>
In
the investigation of Estrogen deficiency was produced in female
Sprague-Dawley rats by surgical removal of both the ovaries and these
animals were used 4 weeks later and observation of Endothelium-dependent
and endothelium-independent relaxations due to acetylcholine and
sodium nitroprusside, found that Administration of daidzein (0.2
mgkg(-1)day(-1), sc 0.4 mgkg(-1)day(-1), sc and 0.8 mgkg(-1)day(-1), sc)
and Atorvastatin (30 mgkg(-1)day(-1), po Positive Control) for one
week markedly improved vascular endothelial dysfunction due to increase
in nitric oxide bioavailability perhaps by inhibiting caveolin-1 and
activation of PI3K-AKT pathway, according to <b>'Ameliorative effect of daidzein: a caveolin-1 inhibitor in vascular endothelium dysfunction induced by ovariectomy</b>" by Sharma S, Singh M, Sharma PL.(2)</div>
<br />
<div>
<b>3. Prostate cancer</b></div>
<div>
In
evaluation of a mixture of soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein,
glycitein) and theirs effect on Prostate cancer, found that Daidzein
could be the component of soy that protects against genistein-induced
metastasis. Daidzein inhibited cell growth and synergized with
radiation, affecting APE1/Ref-1, NF-kappaB and HIF-1alpha, but at lower
levels than genistein and soy, in AR+ and AR- PCa cells, suggesting it
is an AR-independent mechanism, according to "<b>Daidzein effect
on hormone refractory prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo compared to
genistein and soy extract: potentiation of radiotherapy"</b> by Singh-Gupta V, Zhang H, Yunker CK, Ahmad Z, Zwier D, Sarkar FH, Hillman GG.(3)</div>
<div>
<b>4. Cellular Integrity</b> </div>
<div>
In
the investigation of the protective effect of two major soy
isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, in combination on the status of
glycoconjugates in plasma, found that Oral administration of genistein +
daidzein (20 mg + 20 mg kg(-1) bw/day) to DMBA treated rats
significantly (p< 0.05) brought back the status of glycoconjugates to
near normal range. The present study thus demonstrated that genistein
and daidzein in combination, according to "<b>Genistein and
Daidzein, in Combination, Protect Cellular Integrity during
7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis in
Sprague-Dawley Rats</b>" by Pugalendhi P, Manoharan S, Suresh K, Baskaran N.(4)</div>
<br />
<div>
<b>5. Anti tumors</b></div>
<div>
In
the establishment of the chromatographic fingerprints for the
anti-tumor flavonoids of Caulis spatholobi (SSCE)(16 characteristic
peaks from 10 batches of medicinal materials. Among them, the peaks 1,
3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 16 were identified 3,4-dihodroxybenzoic
acid, 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid, epicatechin, puerarin, daidzein,
liquiritigenin, calycosin, genistein, formononetin, and prunetin,
respectively.) indicatedthat The method is convenient, reproducibility
and stability. It can used for quality control of the anti-tumor
flavonoids of C. spatholobi (SSCE), according to '<b>[Study on HPLC chromatographic fingerprint of anti-tumor active site SSCE of Caulis spatholobi].[Article in Chinese]"</b> by Wang H, Liu Y, Zeng Z, He W.(5)</div>
<br />
<div>
<b>6. Endometrial cancer</b></div>
In
the evaluation of Legume, soy, tofu, and isoflavone intake and
endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women, found that reduced risk
of endometrial cancer was associated with total isoflavone intake
(highest vs lowest quintile, ≥7.82 vs <1.59 mg per 1000 kcal/d, RR =
0.66, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.91), daidzein intake (highest vs lowest
quintile, ≥3.54 vs <0.70 mg per 1000 kcal/d, RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.46
to 0.90), and genistein intake (highest vs lowest quintile, ≥3.40 vs
<0.69 mg per 1000 kcal/d, RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.91). No
statistically significant association with endometrial cancer risk was
observed for increasing intake of legumes, soy, tofu, or glycitein,
according to "Legume, soy, tofu, and isoflavone intake and endometrial
cancer risk in postmenopausal women in the multiethnic cohort study" by
Ollberding NJ, Lim U, Wilkens LR, Setiawan VW, Shvetsov YB, Henderson
BE, Kolonel LN, Goodman MT.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Anti-allergic activities</span><br />
In the investigation of the biocatalytic synthesis of xylooligosaccharides of <span class="highlight">daidzein</span>,
using cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus and Aspergillus sp.
β-xylosidase, found that The cultured cells of C. roseus converted <span class="highlight">daidzein</span> into its 4'-O-β-glucoside, 7-O-β-glucoside, and 7-O-β-primeveroside, which was a new compound. The 7-O-β-primeveroside of <span class="highlight">daidzein</span> was further xylosylated by Aspergillus sp. β-xylosidase to <span class="highlight">daidzein</span>
trisaccharide, i.e.,
7-O-[6-O-(4-O-(β-d-xylopyranosyl))-β-d-xylopyranosyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside,
which was a new compound. The 4'-O-β-glucoside, 7-O-β-glucoside, and
7-O-β-primeveroside of <span class="highlight">daidzein</span>
exerted DPPH free-radical scavenging and superoxide radical
scavenging activity. On the other hand, 7-O-β-glucoside and
7-O-β-primeveroside of <span class="highlight">daidzein</span> showed inhibitory effects on IgE antibody production, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Synthesis of xylooligosaccharides of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">daidzein</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and their anti-oxidant and anti-allergic activities</span>" by Shimoda K, Hamada H, Hamada H.(7)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. Menopausal symptoms</span><br />
In the examination of the efficacy of a supplement containing natural S-(-)equol, a <span class="highlight">daidzein</span>
metabolite, in reducing menopausal symptoms, found that the beneficial
effects of a 10-mg natural S-(-)equol supplement is consumed daily
for 12 weeks on major menopausal symptoms, specifically, hot flushes
and neck or shoulder muscle stiffness, in postmenopausal Japanese
women. This supplement offers a promising alternative for management
of menopausal symptoms, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">A
natural s-equol supplement alleviates hot flushes and other
menopausal symptoms in equol nonproducing postmenopausal Japanese women</span>" by Aso T, Uchiyama S, Matsumura Y, Taguchi M, Nozaki M, Takamatsu K, Ishizuka B, Kubota T, Mizunuma H, Ohta H.(8)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. Anti skin aging</span><br />
In
the explanation of Oestrogen (17β estradiol) and the dietary
antioxidants resveratrol, genistein and S-equol, an isoflavone produced
from the gut biotransformation of soy <span class="highlight">daidzein</span>,
are effective agents to reduce ageing in skin, indicated that the
evidence to date suggests that the primary mechanism of action of these
antioxidants is to activate oestrogen receptor β (ERβ), which in turn
enhances the expression of antioxidant enzymes and inhibits the
expression of snail, a transcription factor that regulates keratinocyte
cell proliferation and migration. Based on their selectivity, ERβ
agents provide a treatment option for ageing skin without the potential
safety issues associated with oestrogen therapy, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Ageing skin: oestrogen receptor β agonists offer an approach to change the outcome</span>" by Jackson RL, Greiwe JS, Schwen RJ.(9)<br />
<br />
10. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Cardioprotective effect</span><br />
In
the investigation of the involvement of caveolin in attenuation of the
cardioprotective effect of IPC during DM in rat, found that
attenuation of the cardioprotection in diabetic heart may be due to
decrease the IPC mediated release of NO in the diabetic myocardium,
which may be due to up -regulation of caveolin and subsequently
decreased activity of eNOS, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Possible involvement of caveolin in attenuation of cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in diabetic rat heart</span>" by Ajmani P, Yadav HN, Singh M, Sharma PL.(10)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">11. Bone density</span><br />
In
the observation of the association between habitual phyto-oestrogen
intake and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) of the calcanaeum as a
marker of bone density, found that enterolignans and equol were
positively associated with bone density in postmenopausal women, but
this association became non-significant when dietary Ca was added to
the model. In the lowest quintile of Ca intake, soya isoflavones were
positively associated with bone density in postmenopausal women (β =
1·4; P < 0·1). The present results therefore suggest that non-soya
isoflavones are associated with bone density independent of Ca, whereas
the association with soya or soya isoflavones is affected by dietary
Ca, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Association between dietary phyto-oestrogens and bone density in men and postmenopausal women</span>" by Kuhnle GG, Ward HA, Vogiatzoglou A, Luben RN, Mulligan A, Wareham NJ, Forouhi NG, Khaw KT.(11)<br />
<br />
12. Etc.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Genistein </span><b></b>is a
phytochemical in the Isoflavones, belonging to the group of Flavonoids
(polyphenols), found abundantly in food of the family of legumes,
soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, etc.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Bladder Cancer</span><br />
In a phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated whether daily, oral <span class="highlight">genistein</span>
(300 or 600 mg/day as the purified soy extract G-2535) for 14-21 days
before surgery alters molecular pathways in bladder epithelial tissue
in 59 subjects diagnosed with urothelial bladder cancer (median age
71), found that G-2535 treatment was well tolerated; observed toxicities
were primarily mild to moderate gastrointestinal or metabolic and
usually not attributed to study drug. <span class="highlight">Genistein</span>
was detected in plasma and urine of subjects receiving G-2535 at
concentrations greater than placebo subjects' but were not
dose-dependent. Reduction in bladder cancer tissue p-EGFR staining
between the placebo arm and the combined <span class="highlight">genistein</span> arms was significant at the protocol-specified significance level of 0.10 (p=0.07), according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">A Phase 2 Cancer Chemoprevention Biomarker Trial of Isoflavone G-2535 (</span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Genistein</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">) in Presurgical Bladder Cancer Patients</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Messing%20E%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Messing
E, Gee JR, Saltzstein DR, Kim K, Disant'agnese PA, Kolesar J, Harris
L, Faerber A, Havighurst TC, Young JM, Efros M, Getzenberg RH, Wheeler
MA, Tangrea J, Parnes HL, House M, Busby JE, Hohl RJ, Bailey HH.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Immunomodulation And Anti-Inflammation</span><br />
In
the review of new concepts have emerged in relation to mechanisms that
contribute to the regulation of carcinogenesis processes and
associated inflammatory effects, found that the effects of polyphenols
on the adaptative and innate immune cells that could infiltrate the
tumor. Reduction of chronic inflammation or its downstream
consequences may represent a key mechanism in the fight of cancer
development and polyphenols could reduce various pro-inflammatory
substance productions through targeting signal transduction or through
antioxidant effects, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Immunomodulation And Anti-Inflammatory Roles Of Polyphenols As Anticancer Agents</span>" by Ghiringhelli F, Rébé C, Hichami A, Delmas D.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Bone density</span><br />
In
the investigation of the association between habitual phyto-oestrogen
intake and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) of the calcanaeum as
a marker of bone density, found that the non-soya isoflavones
formononetin and biochanin A were marginally significant or
significantly associated with BUA in postmenopausal women (β = 1·2; P
< 0·1) and men (β = 1·2; P < 0·05), respectively; enterolignans
and equol were positively associated with bone density in
postmenopausal women, but this association became non-significant when
dietary Ca was added to the model. In the lowest quintile of Ca intake,
soya isoflavones were positively associated with bone density in
postmenopausal women (β = 1·4; P < 0·1), according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Association between dietary phyto-oestrogens and bone density in men and postmenopausal women</span>" by Kuhnle GG, Ward HA, Vogiatzoglou A, Luben RN, Mulligan A, Wareham NJ, Forouhi NG, Khaw KT.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Antioxidant</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> effects </span><br />
In the testing effects of the soy isoflavone <span class="highlight">genistein</span> on <span class="highlight">antioxidant</span> enzymes in DU145 prostate cancer cells, found that <span class="highlight">Genistein</span> significantly decreased reactive oxygen species levels and induced the expression of the <span class="highlight">antioxidant</span>
enzymes manganese (Mn) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, which
were associated with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and
phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN)
pathways. The induced expression of catalase, MnSOD, and PTEN were
attenuated by pretreatment with a pharmacological inhibitor for AMPK.
Furthermore, PTEN is essential for <span class="highlight">genistein</span> activity, as shown by PTEN transfection in PTEN-deficient PC3 cells. Thus, <span class="highlight">genistein</span> induces <span class="highlight">antioxidant</span> enzymes through AMPK activation and increased PTEN expression. indicating the effects of <span class="highlight">genistein</span> primarily depend on AMPK, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">antioxidant</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">genistein</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> are associated with AMP-activated protein kinase activation and PTEN induction in prostate cancer cells</span>" by Park CE, Yun H, Lee EB, Min BI, Bae H, Choe W, Kang I, Kim SS, Ha J.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Anti cancers</span><br />
In the determination of <span class="highlight">Genistein</span>,
the predominant isoflavones found in soy, has been shown to inhibit
the carcinogenesis in animal models, indicated that there are growing
body of experimental evidence that show the inhibition of human cancer
cells by <span class="highlight">genistein</span> through the modulation of genes that are related to the control of cell cycle and apoptosis. Moreover, it has been shown that <span class="highlight">genistein</span>
inhibits the activation of NF-kappa B and Akt signaling pathways,
both of which are known to maintain a homeostatic balance between cell
survival and apoptosis. <span class="highlight">Genistein</span>
is commonly known as phytoestrogen, which targets estrogen- and
androgen-mediated signaling pathways in the processes of carcinogenesis,
according to <span style="font-weight: bold;">"Soy isoflavones and cancer prevention</span>" by Sarkar FH, Li Y.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Prostate cells</span><br />
In the investigation of the hypothesis that the soy-isoflavone <span class="highlight">genistein</span>
could protect DNA of LAPC-4 prostate cells from oxidative
stress-related damage by enhancing the expression of antioxidative genes
and proteins, found that <span class="highlight">genistein</span>
protects prostate cells from oxidative stress-related DNA damage
presumably by inducing the expression of antioxidative products, such as
metallothioneins. <span class="highlight">Genistein</span>,
therefore, might counteract the age-related decline of important
antioxidative defence systems which in turn maintain DNA integrity,
according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Genistein</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">
protects prostate cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage
and induces expression of genes involved in the defence against
oxidative stress</span>" by Raschke M, Rowland IR, Magee PJ, Pool-Zobel BL(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Breast cancer</span><br />
In the investigation of the potential preventive effects of lycopene and <span class="highlight">genistein</span>,
alone and in combination, on breast cancer development in female
Wistar rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a
carcinogen known to induce breast tumors.<br />
found that treatment was
continued for 20 wk. Rats treated with DMBA developed mammary tumors
with 100% tumor incidence during the 20-wk study. Inhibition of mammary
cancer incidence by lycopene (70%), <span class="highlight">genistein</span>
(60%) and their combination (40%) was observed. Tumor weight
decreased by 48%, 61%, and 67%, and mean tumor volume decreased by
18%, 35%, and 65% with lycopene, <span class="highlight">genistein</span>, and lycopene + <span class="highlight">genistein</span>, respectively (P < 0.01 for the combination). The proportions of adenocarcinoma masses decreased with lycopene and <span class="highlight">genistein</span> combination (P < 0.05). Administration of lycopene and <span class="highlight">genistein</span>
combination suppressed breast cancer development and was associated
with a decrease in MDA, 8-isoprostane, and 8-OhdG levels and with an
increase in serum lycopene and <span class="highlight">genistein</span>
levels. Animals administered DMBA developed breast cancer, which was
associated with increased expression of Bcl-2 and decreased expression
of Bax, caspase 3, and caspase 9 in mammary tissues, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Inhibitory effects of combination of lycopene and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">genistein</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> on 7,12- dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced breast cancer in rats</span>" by Sahin K, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Akdemir F, Ozercan I, Bayraktar S, Kucuk O.(7)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. Neuroprotective effects</span><br />
in
the investigation of whether GEN could alleviate oxidative damage
induced by beta-amyloid peptides 25-35 (Abeta25-35) in PC12 cells, found
that GEN attenuated the cytotoxicity and partially prevented apoptosis
induced by Abeta25-35. GEN dramatically attenuated ROS levels induced
by Abeta25-35 in PC12 cells. In addition, GEN significantly reversed
the reduction of MMP caused by Abeta25-35 to maintain the normal
levels of the cells. The GSH/GSSG ratio in GEN pretreated groups
significantly increased compared to the groups without GEN
pretreatment. GEN reversed Abeta25-35 induced down regulation of the
protein expression of gamma-GCS, Nrf2 and HO-1, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Genistein as a neuroprotective antioxidant attenuates redox imbalance induced by beta-amyloid peptides 25-35 in PC12 cells</span>" by Ma W, Yuan L, Yu H, Ding B, Xi Y, Feng J, Xiao R.(8)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. Anti diabetes</span><br />
In the investigation of the effect of <span class="highlight">genistein</span>
on beta-cell proliferation and cellular signaling related to this
effect and further determined its antidiabetic potential in
insulin-deficient diabetic mice, found that <span class="highlight">genistein</span> induced protein expression of cyclin D1, a major cell-cycle regulator essential for beta-cell growth. Dietary intake of <span class="highlight">genistein</span>
significantly improved hyperglycemia, glucose tolerance, and blood
insulin levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, concomitant with
improved islet beta-cell proliferation, survival, and mass. These
results demonstrate that <span class="highlight">genistein</span>
may be a natural antidiabetic agent by directly modulating pancreatic
beta-cell function via activation of the cAMP/PKA-dependent ERK1/2
signaling pathway, according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Genistein</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> induces pancreatic beta-cell proliferation through activation of multiple signaling pathways and prevents insulin-deficient </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">diabetes</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in mice</span>" by Fu Z, Zhang W, Zhen W, Lum H, Nadler J, Bassaganya-Riera J, Jia Z, Wang Y, Misra H, Liu D.(9)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Bone homeostasis</span><br />
In the deiermination of the effect of <span class="highlight">genistein</span> on bone homeostasis in mandibular subchondral bone of rats.Methods:Female SD rats were administered with <span class="highlight">genistein</span> (10 and 50 mg/kg) or placebo by oral gavage for 6 weeks, found that the low and high doses of <span class="highlight">genistein</span> significantly increased the expression of ERβ, while ERα expression was increased by the low dose <span class="highlight">genistein</span> and decreased by the high dose <span class="highlight">genistein</span>. ERβ silencing abrogated most of the effects of <span class="highlight">genistein</span> treatment.Conclusion:In rat mandibular condylar subchondral bone, low-dose <span class="highlight">genistein</span> increases bone formation and inhibit bone resorption, while excess <span class="highlight">genistein</span> inhibits both bone formation and resorption, according to"<span style="font-weight: bold;">Dose-dependent effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">genistein</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> on bone homeostasis in rats' mandibular subchondral bon</span>e" by<br />
Li YQ, Xing XH, Wang H, Weng XL, Yu SB, Dong GY.(10)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">11. Obesity</span><br />
In
the study of the role of ER alpha and ER beta in a model of nutrition
induced obesity, found that Treatment with E2 and Alpha decreased body
weight, total cholesterol and VLDL. Visceral fat mass, adipocyte size,
and serum leptin were reduced by E2, Alpha and Beta. In the soleus
muscle, treatment with E2 and Beta modulated Igf1 and Pax7 gene
expression and resulted in larger muscle fibers, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Impact of estradiol, ER subtype specific agonists and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">genistein</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> on energy homeostasis in a rat model of nutrition induced obesity</span>" by<br />
Weigt C, Hertrampf T, Zoth N, Fritzemeier KH, Diel P.(11)<br />
<br />
Etc.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Glycitein</span> <b></b>is a
phytochemical in the Isoflavones, belonging to the group of Flavonoids
(polyphenols), found abundantly in food of the family of legumes,
soy, peanuts, chick peas, fava beans, alfalfa, kudzu, etc.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Prostate cancer</span><br />
In the examination of the effects of the soy isoflavone <span class="highlight">glycitein</span> on cellular differentiation in prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1, WPE1-NB14, and RWPE-2), found that <span class="highlight">Glycitein</span>
significantly inhibited RWPE-1 cellular proliferation at
concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 50 microM. Expression of the luminal
epithelial cell marker cytokeratin 18 was not affected by <span class="highlight">glycitein</span> treatment in the WPE1-NB14 and RWPE-2 cell line, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Basal cell induced differentiation of noncancerous prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1) by </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">glycitein</span>" by Clubbs EA, Bomser JA(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Endometrial cancer</span><br />
In
the observation of the effects of Phytochemicals found in soy and
other legumes in reducing the risk of endometrial cancer, found that a
reduced risk of endometrial cancer was associated with total
isoflavone intake (highest vs lowest quintile, ≥7.82 vs <1.59 mg per
1000 kcal/d, RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.91), daidzein intake
(highest vs lowest quintile, ≥3.54 vs <0.70 mg per 1000 kcal/d, RR =
0.64, 95% CI = 0.46 to 0.90), and genistein intake (highest vs lowest
quintile, ≥3.40 vs <0.69 mg per 1000 kcal/d, RR = 0.66, 95% CI =
0.47 to 0.91). No statistically significant association with
endometrial cancer risk was observed for increasing intake of legumes,
soy, tofu, or <span class="highlight">glycitein</span>.
Truncated age-adjusted incidence rates of endometrial cancer for the
highest vs lowest quintile of total isoflavone intake were 55 vs 107
per 100 000 women per year, respectively, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Legume, soy, tofu, and isoflavone intake and endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women in the multiethnic cohort study</span>" by Ollberding NJ, Lim U, Wilkens LR, Setiawan VW, Shvetsov YB, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN, Goodman MT.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Ovarian cancer</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the impact of phytoestrogen consumption on breast
cancer risk and its role on ovarian cancer, found that No statistically
significant associations were found with any of the phytoestrogens
under evaluation. However, there was a suggestion of an inverse
association with total phytoestrogen consumption (from foods and
supplements), with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.62 (95% CI: 0.38-1.00; p for
trend: 0.04) for the highest vs. lowest tertile of consumption, after
adjusting for reproductive covariates, age, race, education, BMI, and
total energy. Further adjustment for smoking and physical activity
attenuated risk estimates (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.41-1.08), according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Phytoestrogen consumption from foods and supplements and epithelial ovarian cancer risk: a population-based case control study</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Bandera%20EV%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Bandera EV, King M, Chandran U, Paddock LE, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Olson SH.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Antioxidants</span><br />
in
the evaluation of the antioxidant activity and contents of various
polyphenol classes in the seeds of seven soybean varieties of different
seed color and one yellow seed cultivar, found that antioxidant
activity of seed extracts was evaluated by the
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity assay. A
positive linear correlation between antioxidant activity and contents
of total polyphenols and anthocyanins was established. The highest
antioxidant activity was observed in the extracts of black and brown
varieties, which also showed high levels of all polyphenol classes
examined. Yellow seed had the highest total isoflavone content
(3.62 mg/g of dry material). The highest concentration of total daidzein
was determined in black seeds (>2.0 mg/g of dry material), and the
highest total <span class="highlight">glycitein</span>
and genistein contents occurred in the yellow cultivar (0.53 and
1.49 mg/g of dry material, respectively). According to our results,
varieties of black and brown seeds could be of special interest not only
for their large content of total polyphenols, ranging from 4.94 to
6.22 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of dry material, but also for their
high content of natural antioxidants such as anthocyanins, according
to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of colored soybean seeds from central europe</span>" by Malenčić D, Cvejić J, Miladinović J.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Cervical cancer</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the effect of a soy-derived isoflavone mixture
(designated as SI-I, containing 71% daidzein, 14.3% genistein and 14.7% <span class="highlight">glycitein</span>)
on HeLa cells and its mechanism were investigated. SI-I in
concentration range 5-80 μg/ml significantly reduced the survival rate
of HeLa cells by MTT assay, found that SI-I inhibited HeLa cell growth
through inducing apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway and
comparisons with reported data indicated that synergistic effect
existed between the isoflavone species contained in SI-I. It is
proposed that natural soy-derived isoflavones are potential candidates
as chemotherapeutic agents against human cervical cancer, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Soy-derived isoflavones inhibit HeLa cell growth by inducing apoptosis</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Xiao%20JX%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Xiao JX, Huang GQ, Geng X, Qiu HW.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Colon cancer</span><br />
In the investigation of the cellular effects of soy isoflavones (composed of genistein, daidzein, and <span class="highlight">glycitein</span>)
in DLD-1 human colon adenocarcinoma cells with or without ER-β gene
silencing by RNA interference (RNAi), found that maintaining the
expression of ER-β is crucial in mediating the growth-suppressive
effects of soy isoflavones against colon tumors. Thus upregulation of
ER-β status by specific food-borne ER-ligands such as soy isoflavones
could potentially be a dietary prevention or therapeutic strategy for
colon cancer, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Estrogen receptor-β mediates the inhibition of DLD-1 human colon adenocarcinoma cells by soy isoflavones</span>" by Bielecki A, Roberts J, Mehta R, Raju J.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Osteoclast differentiation and apoptosis</span><br />
In the investigation of the effects of <span class="highlight">glycitein</span> on osteoclast differentiation and apoptosis in vitro,<br />
found that Osteoclast generation was inhibited by <span class="highlight">glycitein</span> in a biphasic-dose-dependent manner and showed the greatest inhibitory effects at 10 nM (-70%, p < 0.01). <span class="highlight">Glycitein</span> increased caspase 3/7 activity by 15% at a concentration of 10 nM (p < 0.001). Further, 10 nM <span class="highlight">glycitein</span>
significantly decreased the expression of IL-6 (-53%, p < 0.05)
and RANKL (-64%, p < 0.05) in osteoblasts but did not change mRNA
levels of OPG, according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Glycitein</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> decreases the generation of murine osteoclasts and increases apoptosi</span>s" by Winzer M, Rauner M, Pietschmann P.(7)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. Anti allergic effects</span><br />
in the investigation of the production of beta-maltooligosaccharides of <span class="highlight">glycitein</span> and daidzein using Lactobacillus delbrueckii and cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) as biocatalysts,<br />
found that The 7-O-beta-glucosides of <span class="highlight">glycitein</span> and daidzein and 7-O-beta-maltoside of <span class="highlight">glycitein</span> showed inhibitory effects on IgE antibody production. On the other hand, beta-glucosides of <span class="highlight">glycitein</span>
and daidzein exerted 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
free-radical scavenging activity and supeoxide-radical scavenging
activity, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Synthesis of beta-maltooligosaccharides of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">glycitein</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and daidzein and their anti-oxidant and anti-allergic activities</span>" by Shimoda K, Hamada H.(8)<br />
<br />
<b>9. Anti-photoaging effects</b><br />
In the evaluation of purified soy isoflavone extract from soybean cake
for the protective effects on UVB-induced damage, Fraction 3, which
contains the aglycone group (daidzein, genistein and <span class="highlight">glycitein</span>)
and acetylglucoside group (acetyldaidzin, acetylgenistin and
acetylglycitin) of soy isoflavones, could inhibit UVB-induced death of
human keratinocytes and reduce the level of desquamation,
transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema and epidermal thickness in
mouse skin, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti-photoaging effects of soy isoflavone extract (aglycone and acetylglucoside form) from soybean cake</span>" by Huang CC, Hsu BY, Wu NL, Tsui WH, Lin TJ, Su CC, Hung CF.(9)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Hypolipidemic effects</span><br />
In
the comprison of whether Monascus-fermented soybean extracts (MFSE)
enriched with bioactive mevinolins (natural statins) and aglycone
isoflavones (daidzein, <span class="highlight">glycitein</span>,
and genistein) perform an additive hypolipidemic effect in
hyperlipidemic ratsand unfermented soybean extracts (UFSE), which have a
higher level of glucoside isoflavones (daidzin, glycitin, and
genistin) without mevinolin, found that treatment with both MFSE200 and
MFSE400 groups for 40 days significantly reduced the activities of
serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase by
averages of 35.6 and 43.2%, respectively, as compared to the high-fat
diet group (p < 0.01). The results indicate that MFSE performs a
more potent hypolipidemic action via improvement of the lipid profiles
and down-regulated HMG-CoA reductase activity than UFSE in
hyperlipidemic rats, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Hypolipidemic effects of Monascus-fermented soybean extracts in rats fed a high-fat and -cholesterol diet</span>" by Pyo YH, Seong KS.(10)<br />
<br />
11. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Metabolic and inflammatory markers</span><br />
in
the measurement of glucose, insulin, and adipokines/cytokines in 75
healthy postmenopausal women who were randomized to receive 20 g of soy
protein with 160 mg of total isoflavones (64 mg genistein, 63 mg
daidzein, and 34 mg <span class="highlight">glycitein</span>)
or 20 g of soy protein placebo for 12 weeks. Women taking estrogen
discontinued therapy at least 3 months before the study, found that
after 12 weeks of treatment, there were significant positive changes in
tumor necrosis factor alpha levels within the placebo group (P <
0.0001) and adiponectin levels within the isoflavone group (P = 0.03).
Comparison of pre-post change between the groups showed a small but
significant increase in serum adiponectin levels in the isoflavone group
(P = 0.03) compared with the placebo group. No significant changes
were seen in any other parameter between the two groups, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effects of high-dose isoflavones on metabolic and inflammatory markers in healthy postmenopausal women</span>" by Charles C, Yuskavage J, Carlson O, John M, Tagalicud AS, Maggio M, Muller DC, Egan J, Basaria S.(11)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">12. Post-menopausal effects</span><br />
found
that high-dose isoflavones is associated with improved QOL among women
who have become menopausal recently. Hence, the timing of isoflavone
supplementation with regards to the onset of menopause appears to be
important. The use of isoflavones, as an alternative to estrogen
therapy, may be potentially useful and seemingly safe in this group of
women who are looking for relief from menopausal symptoms, according to
"<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effect of high-dose isoflavones on cognition, quality of life, androgens, and lipoprotein in post-menopausal women</span>" by Basaria S, Wisniewski A, Dupree K, Bruno T, Song MY, Yao F, Ojumu A, John M, Dobs AS.(12)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">13. Obesity</span><br />
In
the investigation of Soygerm isoflavones fermentated by
Bifidobacterium breve with most of isoflavone glycosides (daidzin,
glycitin and genistin) in soygerms were deglycosylated to their
corresponding isoflavone aglycones (daidzein, <span class="highlight">glycitein</span>
and genistein) within 24 h fermentation, found that ral administration
of fermented isoflavones effectively suppressed absorption of
excessive lipid into a body. Addition of either unfermented or
fermented soygerm isoflavones effectively inhibited adipocyte
differentiation from 3T3-L1 in a dose dependent manner., according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti-obesity activities of fermented soygerm isoflavones by Bifidobacterium breve</span>" by Choi I, Kim Y, Park Y, Seog H, Choi H.(13)<br />
<br />
14. Etc.<br />
<br />
<b>D. Quoted from Soy and Joy (Posted with Permission of the writer)</b><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-low-density-lipoprotein-ldl.html">1. Low-Density-Lipoprotein (LDL) </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soyand-diabetes.html">2. Diabetes </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-bone-loss-in-postmenopausal.html">3. Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-premenstrual-syndrome.html">4. Premenstrual syndrome </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-heart-disease.html">5. Heart Disease </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-menstruation.html">6. Soy and Menstruation </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-type-ii-diabetes.html">7. Type II diabetes</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-breast-cancer.html">8. Soy and Breast Cancer</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-prostate-health.html">9. Soy and prostate cancer</a> (One for the men)<br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-atherosclerosis.html">10. Soy and Atherosclerosis.</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-endometrial-cancer.html">11. Soy and Endometrial Cancer </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-liver-cancer.html">12. Soy and Liver Cancer </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-autoimmune-diseases.html">13. Soy and Autoimmune Diseases </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-tuberculosis.html">14. Soy and Tuberculosis and HIV Disease </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-sex-and-long-term-soy-diets.html">15. Soy and Sex and long-term soy diets </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-antioxidants.html">16. Soy and Antioxidants </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-thyroid-cancer.html">17. Soy and thyroid cancer </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soys-and-hormonal-effects.html">18. Soy and Hormonal Effects </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-physiology-and-implications-for.html">19. Soy and physiology, and implications for human health</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-fermentation-increases.html">20. Soy, Fermentation Increases the Bioavailability of Isoflavones Effects </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-treatment-for-prostate-cancer.html">21. Soy Treatment for Prostate Cancer </a>(One point for the men)<br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-adverse-effects-in-patients.html">22. Soy and The Adverse Effects in Patients with Prostate Cancer</a> (One more point for men)<br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-adverse-effects-associated-with.html">23. Soy and The Adverse Effects Associated with Chemotherapy</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-bladder-cancer.html">24. Soy and Bladder cancer</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-inflammation_24.html">25. Soy and Inflammation </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-high-blood-pressure.html">26. Soy and High Blood Pressure</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-follicle-stimulating-hormone.html">27. Soy and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-as-estrogen-agonistsantagonists.html">28. Soy as Estrogen Agonists/Antagonists. </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-lung-cancer-of-non-smokers.html">29. Soy and Lung Cancer of Non smokers</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-kidney-function-in-type-ii.html">30. Soy and Kidney function In Type II diabetes </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-fibroids.html">31. Soy and Fibroids </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-weight-loss.html">32. Soy and Weight Loss </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-insomnia.html">33. Soy and Insomnia</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-immune-system.html">34. Soy and Immune System</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-cognitive-function.html">35. Soy and Cognitive Function </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-anxiety.html">36. Soy and Anxiety </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-sex-hormones-in-healthy-adult.html">37. Soy and Sex Hormones in Healthy Adult Male </a>(Less worry for men)<br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/08/soy-and-platelet-aggregation.html">38. soy and Platelet Aggregation</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-antifungal-acitivity.html">39. Soy and Antifungal Acitivity </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-renal-cell-carcinoma.html">40. Soy and Renal Cell Carcinoma </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-sex-hormone-in-men.html">41. Soy and Sex Hormone In Men </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-plasma-sex-hormones.html">42. Soy and plasma sex hormones </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-anti-photoaging.html">43. Soy and Anti-Photoaging </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-lipotoxicity-in-liver.html">44. Soy and Lipotoxicity in Liver </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-menstrual-pain.html">45. Soy and Menstrual Pain </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-menstrual-symptoms.html">46. Soy and Menstrual Symptoms </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-muscle-protein.html">47. Soy and Muscle Protein </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-digestive-system.html">48. Soy and Digestive system</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-blood-pressure-in-obesity.html">49. Soy and Blood Pressure in Obesity </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-uric-acid-hyperuricemia-and.html">50. Soy and Uric Acid (Hyperuricemia and Gout) </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-bacterial-infection.html">51. Soy and Bacterial Infection</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-osteopenia.html">52. Soy and Osteopenia </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-depression.html">53. Soy and Depression </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-neurobehavioral-effects.html">54. Soy and Neurobehavioral Effects </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-endometriosis.html">55. Soy and Endometriosis </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-anti-wrinkle.html">56. Soy and Anti-Wrinkle </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-c-reactive-protein-in-post.html">57. Soy and C-reactive Protein in post-menopausal women </a><br />
5<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-aging.html">8. Soy helps to reverse age- and scopolamine-induced memory</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/sot-and-lifestyle-related-diseases.html">59. Soy and Lifestyle-Related Diseases</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-alcoholic-liver-disease.html">60. Soy and Alcoholic Liver Disease </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-muscle-support.html">61. Soy and Muscle Support </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/oy-and-enterotoxigenic-escherichia-coli.html">62. Soy and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-proyection-of-fluid-losses-in.html">63. Soy and Protection of fluid losses in Escherichia coli </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-rheumatoid-arthritis.html">64. Soy and Rheumatoid Arthritis </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-alzheimers-disease-and-aging.html">65. Soy and Alzheimer's disease and Aging </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-asthma.html">66. Soy and Asthma </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/ina-study-of-protocol-for-cognitive.html">67. Soy and Back Pain </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-bad-breath.html">68. Soy and Bad Breath </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-baldness.html">69. Soy and Baldness </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-urinary-incontinence.html">70. Soy and Urinary Incontinence </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-neurobehavor.html">71. Soy and Neurobehavioural Actions </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-equol-and-o-desmethylangolensin.html">72. Soy and equol and O-desmethylangolensin</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-bone-cancer.html">73. Soy and Bone Cancer </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-climacteric-symptoms.html">74. Soy and Climacteric Symptoms </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-angiogenesis.html">75. Soy and Angiogenesis </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-reproductive-organs-in-infants.html">76. Soy and Reproductive Organs in Infants</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-clomiphene-citrate-artificial.html">77. Soy and Clomiphene Citrate (Artificial Insemination) </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soybeans-and-anovulatory-cycle.html">78. Soybeans and Anovulatory cycle</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/09/soy-and-wound-healing.html">79. Soy and Wound Healing </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-thyroid-hormone.html">80. Soy and Thyroid Hormones </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-bean-as-medicinal-food-and-and.html">81. Soy bean as medicinal, food and and other uses </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary.html">82. Soy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-immunomodulatory-bioactivity.html">83. Soy and immunomodulatory bioactivity </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-as-alternative-to-hormone.html">84. Soy as alternative to hormone replacement therapy</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-kidney-disease.html">85. Soy and kidney disease </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-protein-diet-and-linoleic-acid.html">86. Soy protein diet and linoleic acid </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-protein-and-polycystic-kidney.html">87. Soy protein and polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and elevated kidney insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-protein-and-chronic-kidney-disease.html">88. Soy protein and chronic kidney disease progression </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-fibroadenomas.html">89. Soy and Fibroadenomas </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/is-soy-isoflavones-safe.html">90. Are Soy isoflavones safe? </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-peanut-allergy.html">91. Soy and Peanut allergy </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-gene-expression.html">92. Soy and Gene expression </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-iron-deficiecy-amenia.html">93. Soy and Iron Deficiency Anemia </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-sauce-on-anemia-prevention-in.html">94. Soy Sauce on Anemia Prevention in Children </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/differential-effects-of-whole-soy.html">95. Differential effects of whole soy extract and soy isoflavones </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-uterine-cancer.html">96. Soy and uterine cancer </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-nipple-aspirate-fluid.html">97. Soy and Nipple aspirate fluid </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-muscle-protein-synthesis-and.html">98. Soy and Muscle protein synthesis and Muscle protein accretion </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-anabolism.html">99. Soy and Anabolism </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia.html">100. Soy and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-ovarian-carcinoma-cell-line.html">101. Soy and ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV3 </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-genistein-induced-neuronal.html">102. Soy and Genistein-induced neuronal apoptosis </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-fibrocystic-breast-disease.html">103. Soy and fibrocystic breast disease </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-emulsion-after-gastrointestinal.html">104. Soy and Emulsion after gastrointestinal cancer </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-risk-and-benefits-of-soy.html">105. Soy and risk and benefits of soy products for peri- and postmenopausal women. </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/role-of-isoflavones-in-menopausal.html">106. The role of isoflavones in menopausal health consensus opinion of The North American Menopause Society. </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-isoflavones-and-cancer-cells.html">107. Soy isoflavones and cancer cells radiotherapy </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-isoflavones-and-colon-cancer.html">108. Soy isoflavones and Colon Cancer </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-isoflavones-and-cancer-prevention.html">109. Soy isoflavones and Cancer prevention </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-isoflavones-and-ovariectomy-on.html">110. Soy isoflavones and Ovariectomy on the salivary glands </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-protein-and-obesity-related.html">111. Soy Protein and Obesity-related comorbidities</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-muscle-protein-synthesis-and_20.html">112. Soy and muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein accretion </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-growth-of-pathogenic-bacteria.html">113. Soy and Growth of pathogenic bacteria </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-protein-and-metabolic-syndrome.html">114. Soy protein and Metabolic syndrome </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-protein-and-proteinuric.html">115. Soy Protein and proteinuric glomerulopathies </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-protein-and-kidney-function.html">116. Soy Protein and Kidney Function </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-cancer-prevention.html">117. Soy and Cancer Prevention </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-protein-and-cancer-obesity-and.html">118. Soy protein and cancer, obesity, and cardiovascular disease </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soybean-and-intestinal-bacteria.html">119. Soybean and Intestinal bacteria</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-isoflavones-and-prevention-of.html">120. Soy isoflavones and Prevention of Breast Cancer </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-seaweed-supplements-in-healthy.html">121. soy and seaweed supplements in healthy postmenopause </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-self-reported-quality-of-life.html">122. Soy and self-reported quality of life in post-menopausal women.</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-micrornas-mirnas-in-prostate.html">123. Soy and MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in Prostate Cancer </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-cervical-cancer.html">124. Soy and Cervical cancer </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/10/soy-and-coronary-heart-disease.html">125. Soy and coronary heart disease prevention </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/oy-and-inflammatory-disorfers.html">126. Soy and Inflammatory disorders </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-second-generation-soy-foods.html">127. Soy, the second generation soy foods </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-and-renal-cell-carcinoma-tumors-and.html">128. Soy and renal cell carcinoma tumors and metastatic disease </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-isoflavone-and-sanfilippo-disease.html">129. Soy isoflavone and Sanfilippo Disease </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-and-endothelial-function-and-blood.html">130. Soy and endothelial function and blood pressure </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-lecithin-and-maintenance-of-sperm.html">131. Soy lecithin and Maintenance of sperm </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-and-antiatherogenic-and.html">132. Soy and Antiatherogenic and Antiperoxidative</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-and-macrophage-phagocytosis-and.html">133. Soy and Macrophage Phagocytosis and Lymphocyte </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-and-anti-epigenetic-changes.html">134. Soy and Anti-Epigenetic changes </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-and-body-weight-and-glycemic.html">135. Soy and body weight and glycemic control</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-protein-versus-soy-phytoestrogens.html">136. Soy protein versus soy phytoestrogens</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-protein-and-aortic-cholesteryl.html">137. Soy Protein and Aortic cholesteryl ester content</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-and-mental-stress.html">138. Soy and Mental Stress</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-and-administration-on.html">139. Soy and Administration on hypercholesterolemia</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-and-vascular-effects.html">140. Soy and Vascular Effects</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-isoflavones-and-lung-cancer.html">141. Soy isoflavones and lung cancer</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-isoflavones-and-curcumin-and.html">142. Soy isoflavones and curcumin and Prostate-specific antigen.</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-isoflavones-and-ovarian-estrogen.html">143. Soy isoflavones and Ovarian estrogen receptor-α</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-and-antiatherogenic-and.html">144. Soy and Antiatherogenic and Antiperoxidative</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/11/soy-lecithin-and-maintenance-of-sperm.html">145. Soy lecithin and Maintenance of sperm</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-muscle-protein-synthesis.html">146. Soy and muscle protein synthesis</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-milk-and-adventist-health.html">147. Soy milk and the Adventist Health</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-protein-and-body-fat.html">148. Soy protein and body fat </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-physicochemical-properties.html">149. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-physicochemical-properties.html">Soy and physicochemical properties </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-menstrual-migraine.html">150. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-menstrual-migraine.html">Soy and menstrual migraine </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-neuropathic-pain.html">151. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-neuropathic-pain.html">Soy and neuropathic pain </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-symptoms-of-krabbe-disease.html">152. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-symptoms-of-krabbe-disease.html">Soy and symptoms of Krabbe disease </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-protein-and-soy-protein-diet.html">153. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-protein-and-soy-protein-diet.html">Soy protein diet increases skilled forelimb reaching function after stroke </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-mucopolysaccharidoses-mps.html">154. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-mucopolysaccharidoses-mps.html">Soy and Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-parkinsons-disease.html">155. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-parkinsons-disease.html">Soy and Parkinson's disease</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-isoflavones-and-alzheimers-disease.html">156. Soy isoflavones and Alzheimer's disease </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-isoflavones-and-memory-performance.html">157. Soy isoflavones and Memory performance </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-isoflavone-and-cerebral-arteries.html">158. Soy isoflavone and Cerebral arteries </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-neurovascular-research.html">159. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-neurovascular-research.html">Soy and Neurovascular research </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-isoflavones-and-myocardial-fibrosis.html">160. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-isoflavones-and-myocardial-fibrosis.html">Soy isoflavones and Myocardial fibrosis </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-human-umbilical-vein.html">161. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-human-umbilical-vein.html">Soy and Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-vasomotor-symptoms.html">162. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-vasomotor-symptoms.html">Soy and Vasomotor symptoms </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-isoflavones-and-prostate-specific.html">163. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-isoflavones-and-prostate-specific.html">Soy isoflavones and Prostate-specific antigen</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-apoptosis-in-prostate-cancer.html">164. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-apoptosis-in-prostate-cancer.html">Soy and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-carnitine-palmitoyl-transferase.html">165. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-carnitine-palmitoyl-transferase.html">Soy and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) activities </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-metastatic-cancer-progression.html">166. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-metastatic-cancer-progression.html">Soy and Metastatic cancer progression </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-human-hepatoma-cells.html">167. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-and-human-hepatoma-cells.html">Soy and Human hepatoma cells </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-isoflavone-and-lung-cancer.html">168. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-isoflavone-and-lung-cancer.html">Soy Isoflavone and Lung Cancer </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-isoflavones-and-production-of.html">169. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-isoflavones-and-production-of.html">Soy isoflavones and the production of prostate-specific antigen</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-isoflavones-glyceollins-and.html">170. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-isoflavones-glyceollins-and.html">Soy isoflavones (Glyceollins ) and adipocyte activity and nutrient metabolism</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soybean-glyceollins-and-potential.html">171. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soybean-glyceollins-and-potential.html">Soybean glyceollins and potential cancer-protective antiestrogenic effects </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-isoflavonoid-and-endogenous.html">172. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2011/12/soy-isoflavonoid-and-endogenous.html">Soy isoflavonoid and endogenous estrogen metabolism </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/01/soy-protein-and-hormones-in-pre-and.html">173. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/01/soy-protein-and-hormones-in-pre-and.html">Soy protein and hormones in pre- and post-menopausal women </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/01/soybean-oil-alone-versus-soybean-oil.html">174. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/01/soybean-oil-alone-versus-soybean-oil.html">Soybean isoflavone and feminizing effects in Men</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/01/soy-protein-or-isoflavones-on.html">175. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/01/soy-protein-or-isoflavones-on.html">Soy protein or isoflavones on reproductive hormones in men </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/01/isoflavone-rich-soy-protein-and.html">176. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/01/isoflavone-rich-soy-protein-and.html">Isoflavone-rich soy protein and androgen receptor </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/01/hormonal-effects-of-soy-and.html">177. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/01/hormonal-effects-of-soy-and.html">Hormonal effects of soy and premenopausal women and men </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/01/isoflavone-free-soy-diet-and-ovarian.html">178. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/01/isoflavone-free-soy-diet-and-ovarian.html">Isoflavone-free soy diet and ovarian hormones in premenopausal women </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-menstrual-migraine.html">179. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-menstrual-migraine.html">Soy and Menstrual Migraine </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-cerebral-and-myocardial.html">180. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-cerebral-and-myocardial.html">Soy and cerebral and myocardial infarctions</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-neuroprotective-effects.html">181. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-neuroprotective-effects.html">Soy and Neuroprotective effects </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-memory-performance.html">182. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-memory-performance.html">Soy and Memory performance </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-cerebral-vascular-disease.html">183. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-cerebral-vascular-disease.html">Soy and Cerebral vascular disease </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-multiple-sclerosis.html">185. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-multiple-sclerosis.html">Soy and Multiple Sclerosis</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-chronic-diseases.html">186. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-chronic-diseases.html">Soy and chronic diseases </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-milk-as-probiotics.html">187. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-milk-as-probiotics.html">Soy milk as probiotics </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-milk-and-infantile-colic.html">188. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-milk-and-infantile-colic.html">Soy milk and Infantile Colic </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-gender-role-play-behavior-in.html">189. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-gender-role-play-behavior-in.html">Soy and gender-role play behavior in children </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-protein-and-congestive-heart.html">190. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-protein-and-congestive-heart.html">Soy protein and Congestive heart failure </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-isoflavonesand-cardioprotection-to.html">191. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-isoflavonesand-cardioprotection-to.html">Soy isoflavones and cardioprotection to offspring </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-angiotensin-converting-enzyme.html">192. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-angiotensin-converting-enzyme.html">Soy and Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-and-angina.html">193. Soy and Angina </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-isoflavones-and-exercise-to-improve.html">194. </a><a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.com/2012/02/soy-isoflavones-and-exercise-to-improve.html">Soy isoflavones and exercise to improve physical capacity </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/03/soy-lecithin-phosphatidic-acid-and.html"><span style="color: #2198a6;">195. Solecithin phosphatidic acid and Stress Disorders </span></a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/03/soy-and-peanut-allergy.html"><span style="color: #2198a6;">196. Soy and Peanut allergy </span></a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/03/soy-and-longevity-learning-and-memory.html"><span style="color: #2198a6;">197. Soy and Longevity, Learning and Memory </span></a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/03/soy-lecithin-administration-on.html"><span style="color: #2198a6;">198. Soy lecithin administration on hypercholesterolemia</span></a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/03/soy-lecithin-replaces-egg-yolk-for.html"><span style="color: #2198a6;">199. Soy lecithin replaces egg yolk for cryopreservation of human sperm </span></a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/03/soy-protein-and-antiatherogenic-and.html"><span style="color: #4d469c;">200. Soy protein and Antiatherogenic and Antiperoxidative effects </span></a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/03/soybean-oil-and-fatty-liver-and-serum.html">201.Soybean oil and fatty liver and serum cholesterol</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/03/soybean-oil-on-atherogenic-metabolic.html">202. Soybean oil on atherogenic metabolic risks associated with estrogen deficiency</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/03/soy-and-short-term-use-of-parenteral.html">203. Soy and Short-term use of parenteral nutrition</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/03/stearidonic-acid-enhanced-soybean-oil.html">204. Stearidonic Acid-Enhanced Soybean Oil</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/03/soy-and-dietary-lipids-during-early.html">205. Soy and Dietary lipids during early pregnancy</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/nutrition-professionals-and.html">206. Nutrition professionals. and Participants' willingness to consume soy foods</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/reported-attitudes-and-beliefs-toward.html">207. Reported attitudes and beliefs toward soy food consumption</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/soy-protein-and-its-implication-in.html">208. Soy protein and its implication in diseases mediated by lipid disorders</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/patients-perceptions-of-cholesterol.html">209. Patients' perceptions of cholesterol, cardiovascular disease risk, and risk communication strategies</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/soy-and-prevention-of-lifestyle-related.html">210. Soy and the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/reported-attitudes-and-beliefs-toward.html">211. Reported attitudes and beliefs toward soy food consumption</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/soy-protein-and-its-implication-in.html">212.Soy protein and its implication in diseases mediated by lipid disorders</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/soy-isoflavones-role-of-intestinal.html">213. Soy Isoflavones-Role of intestinal bacteria as the "second human genome"</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/age-stratified-serum-levels-of.html">214. Age-stratified serum levels of isoflavones and proportion of equol</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/soy-isoflavone-metabolism-and.html">215. soy isoflavone metabolism and accumulation in prostatic fluid</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/soy-and-potential-health-benefits-of.html">216. Soy and potential health benefits of phytoestrogens</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/biological-effects-of-diet-of-soy.html">217. Biological effects of a diet of soy protein rich in isoflavones on the menstrual cycle</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/soy-and-leukemia.html">218. Soy and leukemia</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/isoflavone-free-soy-diet-on-ovarian.html">219. Isoflavone-free soy diet on ovarian hormones in premenopausal women</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/fat-dietary-fiber-soy-isoflavones-and.html">220. Fat, dietary fiber, soy isoflavones, and alcohol with levels of sex hormones and prolactin in premenopausal Japanese women</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/04/isoflavone-free-soy-diet-on-ovarian.html">221. Isoflavone-free soy diet on ovarian hormones in premenopausal women</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/effects-of-isoflavones-on-breast.html">222. Effects of isoflavones on breast density in pre- and post-menopausal women</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/factors-to-consider-in-association.html">223. Factors to consider in the association between soy isoflavone intake and breast cancer risk</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/effect-of-dietary-soy-intake-on-breast.html">224. Effect of dietary soy intake on breast cancer risk</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/soy-formula-for-prevention-of-allergy.html">225. Soy formula for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/soy-milk-as-effective-as-skim-milk.html">226. Soy milk as effective as skim milk</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/novel-soy-based-meal-replacement.html">227. A novel soy-based meal replacement formula for weight loss among obese individuals</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/effect-of-soy-drink-replacement-in.html">228. Effect of soy drink replacement in a weight reducing diet</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/soy-isoflavones-protect-skin-from.html">229. Soy isoflavones protect the skin from oxidative stress induced by UVB</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/soy-and-estrogenicity-or.html">230. Soy and estrogenicity or antiestrogenicity</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/soy-isoflavone-aglycone-improves-aged.html">231. soy isoflavone aglycone improves the aged skin of adult women</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/soy-isoflavones-on-skin-of.html">232. Soy isoflavones on the skin of postmenopausal women</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/oxidative-in-vitro-metabolism-of-soy.html">233. Oxidative in vitro metabolism of the soy phytoestrogens</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/soybean-isoflavones-and-chronic-health.html">234. Soybean isoflavones and Chronic health disorders</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/oxidative-metabolism-and-genotoxic.html">235. Oxidative metabolism and genotoxic potential of major isoflavone phytoestrogens</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/daidzein-and-genistein-glucuronides-in.html">236. Daidzein and genistein glucuronides are weakly estrogenic and activate human natural killer cells</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/health-benefits-of-tofu-food.html">237. The Health Benefits Of Tofu Food</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/inhibition-of-murine-bladder.html">238. Inhibition of murine bladder tumorigenesis by soy isoflavones</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/self-identities-and-bmi-of-minnesotan.html">239. Self-identities and BMI of Minnesotan soy consumers and non-consumers</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/attitudes-and-beliefs-of-soy-foods.html">240. The attitudes and beliefs of soy foods consumers (SCs) versus nonconsumers (NCs)</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/05/for-me-taste-of-soy-is-not-barrier-to.html">241. For me the taste of soy is not a barrier to its consumption</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/infant-formulas-and-soy-protein-based.html">242. Infant formulas and soy protein-based formulas</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/isoflavone-content-of-infant-formulas.html">243. Isoflavone content of infant formulas and the metabolic Fate</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/developmental-status-of-1-year-old.html">244. Developmental Status of 1-Year-Old Infants Fed Breast Milk, Cow's Milk Formula, or Soy Formula</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/probiotics-in-infants-for-prevention-of.html">245. Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/early-life-soy-exposure-and-age-at.html">246. Early-life soy exposure and age at menarche</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/full-of-beans-early-soy-exposure.html">247. Full of Beans? Early Soy Exposure Associated with Less Feminine Play in Girls</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/soy-formula-for-prevention-of-allergy.html">248. Soy formula for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/diagnostic-approach-and-management-of.html">249. Diagnostic approach and management of cow's milk protein allergy in infants and children</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/biological-effects-of-diet-of-soy.html">250. Biological effects of a diet of soy protein rich in isoflavones on the menstrual cycle of premenopausal women</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/effects-of-isoflavone-free-soy-diet-on.html">251. Effects of an isoflavone-free soy diet on ovarian hormones in premenopausal women</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/associations-of-intakes-of-fat-dietary.html">252. Associations of intakes of fat, dietary fiber, soy isoflavones, and alcohol with levels of sex hormones</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/legume-soy-tofu-and-isoflavone-intake.html">253. Legume, soy, tofu, and isoflavone intake and endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/tamoxifen-soy-and-lifestyle-factors-in.html">254. Tamoxifen, soy, and lifestyle factors in Asian American women with breast cancer</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/soy-isoflavone-daidzein-and-skin-cancer.html">255. Soy isoflavone daidzein and Skin Cancer</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/soy-estrogen-5-easy-ways-to-get-this.html">256. Soy Estrogen - 5 Easy Ways to Get This Natural Estrogen Replacement</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/validation-of-soy-food-frequency.html">257. Validation of a soy food-frequency questionnaire and evaluation of correlates of plasma isoflavone concentrations</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/soymilk-for-health-top-10-benefits.html">258. Soymilk For Health - Top 10 Benefits!</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/retinoid-induced-epidermal-hyperplasia.html">259. Retinoid-induced epidermal hyperplasia in human skin organ culture: inhibition with soy extract and soy isoflavones</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/herbal-antiinflammatory-drugs-in.html">260. Herbal antiinflammatory drugs in the treatment of painful osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/pharmaceutical-and-nutraceutical.html">261. Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical management of canine osteoarthritis</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/symptomatic-efficacy-of-avocado-soybean.html">262. Symptomatic efficacy of avocado-soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) in osteoarthritis (OA)</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/avocadosoybean-unsaponifiable-mixtures.html">263. Avocado/soybean unsaponifiable mixtures on metalloproteinases, cytokines and prostaglandin E2 production</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/06/avocadosoybean-unsaponifiables-in.html">264. Avocado/soybean unsaponifiables in the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/quality-antioxidative-ability-and-cell.html">265. Quality, antioxidative ability, and cell proliferation-enhancing activity</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/enhanced-antioxidative-activity-of.html">266. Enhanced antioxidative activity of soybean koji</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/soy-isoflavones-and-plasma-lipids-in.html">267. Soy isoflavones and plasma lipids in normocholesterolemic and mildly hypercholesterolemic</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/soy-protein-in-management-of.html">268. Soy protein in the management of hyperlipidemia</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/equol-status-and-blood-lipid-profile.html">269. Equol status and blood lipid profile and Soy products</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/soy-protein-and-antibiotic-release.html">270. Soy protein and antibiotic release, bacterial inhibition and cellular response</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/novel-soy-protein-wound-dressings-with.html">271. Novel soy protein wound dressings with controlled antibiotic release</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/soy-isoflavone-equol-and-acute-colitis.html">272. Soy isoflavone equol and Acute colitis</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/soy-isoflavones-and-exercise-to-improve.html">273. Soy isoflavones and exercise to improve physical capacity</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/weight-loss-without-losing-muscle-mass.html">274. Weight loss without losing muscle mass</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/soy-and-hormonal-action-and-brain.html">275. Soy and hormonal action and brain plasticity</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/soy-and-neurobehavioral-effects.html">276. Soy and Neurobehavioral effects</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/soy-isoflavones-on-estrogen-and.html">277. Soy isoflavones on estrogen and phytoestrogen metabolism</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/soy-consumption-alters-endogenous.html">278. Soy consumption alters endogenous estrogen metabolism</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/soy-and-exercise-induced-inflammatory.html">279. Soy and the exercise-induced inflammatory response</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/antihyperglycemic-effect-of-biochanin-a.html">280. Antihyperglycemic effect of biochanin A, a soy isoflavone</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/soy-and-bone-mineral-density-bmd-in.html">281. Soy and bone mineral density (BMD) in women aged 30-40</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/lignans-and-isoflavones-and-breast.html">282. Lignans and isoflavones and breast cancer risk</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/soy-and-breast-density.html">283. Soy and breast density</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/soy-milk-consumption-and-serum-d-dimer.html">284. Soy Milk Consumption and serum d-dimer</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/effect-of-probiotic-fermented.html">285. Effect of probiotic-fermented, genetically modified soy milk on hypercholesterolemia</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/effect-of-bioactive-compounds-in.html">286. Effect of bioactive compounds in lactobacilli-fermented soy skim milk on femoral bone microstructure</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/07/neurobehavioral-actions-of-coumestrol.html">287. Neurobehavioral actions of coumestrol and related isoflavonoids</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/phytoestrogens-modulate-binding.html">288. Phytoestrogens modulate binding response of estrogen receptors alpha and beta</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/soy-isoflavone-genistein-and-tendon.html">289. Soy isoflavone genistein and tendon collagen</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/dietary-polyphenols-and-mechanisms-of.html">290. Dietary polyphenols and mechanisms of osteoarthritis</a><br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_663496007">291. Comparison of the
effects of cows' milk, fortified soy milk, and calcium supplement on
weight and fat loss in premenopausal overweight and obese women. </a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/green-tea-and-dietary-soy-and-cancers.html">292. Green tea and dietary soy and Cancers</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/soy-and-high-calcium-and-bone-mineral.html">293. Soy and high calcium and Bone mineral density</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/isoflavones-with-supplemental-calcium.html">294. Isoflavones with supplemental calcium and isoflavones alone. in Bone loss</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/isoflavone-enriched-milk-and-bone-mass.html">295. Isoflavone-enriched milk and Bone Mass</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/soy-oil-and-sready-weight-loss.html">296. Soy oil and Steady weight Loss</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/soy-isoflavones-and-antioxidants-and.html">297. Soy isoflavones and antioxidants and Krabbe disease</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/high-polyphenol-low-probiotic-diet-for.html">298. High polyphenol, low probiotic diet for weight loss</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/relation-between-equol-and-soy-foods.html">299. Relation between equol and soy foods health effect</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/gut-bacterial-metabolism-of-soy.html">300. Gut bacterial metabolism of the soy isoflavone daidzein</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/metabolism-of-dietary-soy-isoflavones.html">301. Metabolism of dietary soy isoflavones to equol by human intestinal microflora</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/equol-status-in-effects-of-isoflavone.html">302. Equol status in the effects of isoflavone on bone and fat mass</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/soy-isoflavones-diet-and-physical.html">303. Soy isoflavones, diet and physical exercise modify serum cytokines in healthy obese</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/soy-isoflavones-improve-insulin.html">304. Soy isoflavones improve insulin sensitivity without changing serum leptin</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/soy-and-energy-metabolism.html">305. Soy and Energy metabolism</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/high-protein-low-glycemic-load.html">306. High-protein, low-glycemic-load hypocaloric diet in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/soy-protein-and-metabolic-syndrome-mets.html">307. Soy protein and Metabolic syndrome (MetS)</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/does-consuming-isoflavones-reduce-or.html">308. Does consuming isoflavones reduce or increase breast cancer risk?</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/08/isoflavones-and-cognitive-function-in.html">309. Isoflavones and cognitive function in older women</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/09/soy-and-red-clover-for-mid-life-and.html">310. Soy and red clover for mid-life and aging</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/09/soy-isoflavone-supplementation-and-body.html">311. Soy isoflavone supplementation and body weight and glucose metabolism</a> <br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/09/soy-and-mammographic-density.html">312. Soy and mammographic density</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/09/soy-isoflavones-and-breast-cancer-and.html">313. Soy isoflavones and Breast cancer and puberty timing</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/09/the-optimal-soy-protein-and-isoflavone.html">314. The optimal soy protein and isoflavone intakes for women</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/09/soy-nut-consumption-and-decreased.html">315. Soy nut consumption and decreased menopausal symptoms</a><br />
316. <a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/09/botanical-and-dietary-supplements-for.html">Botanical and dietary supplements for menopausal symptoms</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/09/soy-and-red-clover-for-mid-life-and_21.html">317. Soy and red clover for mid-life and aging</a><br />
<a href="http://thetruestoriesstories.blogspot.ca/2012/09/soy-milk-and-isoflavone-supplements-on.html">318. Soy milk and isoflavone supplements on cognitive performance in healthy, postmenopausal women</a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>E. Quoted From Foods to prevent and treat diseases</b><br />
1. <b>Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)</b><br />
Intake of soy protein can enhance the protective effect against
Rheumatoid Arthritis. In the study to evaluate preventive and
therapeutic effects of <span class="highlight">soy</span> protein on collagen-induced <span class="highlight">arthritis</span> rats, showed that Administration of <span class="highlight">soy</span> protein significantly suppressed the progression of collagen II-induced <span class="highlight">arthritis</span> and inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin6, leptin, and adiponectin. <span class="highlight">Soy</span> protein appeared to be a potent immunomodulatory inhibitor of collagen II-induced <span class="highlight">arthritis</span> in rats<br />
(1).<br />
<br />
2. <b>Polymalagia Arthritis(PMR)</b><br />
In the study to examine the role of TK activity on the expression of the
inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS), found that TK inhibition
by genistein had no effect on the expression or nuclear
translocation of the transcription factors interferon regulatory
factor-1 and nuclear factor-KB, respectively, both of which have been
implicated in transcriptional regulation of the human iNOS gene. Nuclear
run-on analysis demonstrated that the effect of genistein on iNOS
messenger RNA expression was not at the level of transcription,
suggesting that posttranscriptional regulation of iNOS messenger RNA
might be TK dependent. <span class="highlight">Isoflavones</span>,
such as genistein, are useful tools to dissect regulatory pathways in
vitro and in vivo and may have potential use as novel antiinflammatory
therapeutic agents(2). <br />
<br />
3. <b>Ischemic heart disease</b> <br />
<b>Soy sauce </b>is a seasoning produced by fermenting soybeans and <span class="mContent">filamentous fungus, along with water and salt after a period of sometime, it yields a </span>moromi or thick mash of cereal to obtain soy sauce by pressing it to liquid form. <span class="mContent">Tamari</span> <span class="mContent">is
made by collecting the liquid which was pressed and the liquid drained
drains from miso after a certain time of fermentation. </span><br />
<b><span class="mContent">a. </span>Cardiovascular health</b><br />
In the investigation of dietary proteins
and their effect in heart diseases found that a direct cholesterol
lowering effect of proteins has not been shown. Despite earlier
research indicating that <span class="highlight">soy</span>
protein has cardioprotective effects as compared to other proteins,
these observations have not been confirmed by randomized
placebo-controlled trials. However, most experts recommend the
consumption of <span class="highlight">foods</span>
rich in plant proteins as alternatives to meat and dairy products rich
in saturated fat and containing cholesterol, according to "Dietary
proteins and atherosclerosis" by Darioli R.(3)<br />
<b><span class="mContent">b. </span> Hypolipidemic effect</b><br />
In the observation of Soy sauce (<span class="highlight">Shoyu</span>),
a traditional Japanese fermented seasoning and its effect on
cholesterol level found that in a 4-week randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled parallel group study, hyperlipidemic men (TG >150
mg/dl) were treated with 600 mg of SPS (n=15) or placebo (n=15)
daily. After 4 weeks, serum TG levels in the SPS-treated group were
significantly (P<0.05) lower than the baseline (0 week). In
conclusion, SPS of soy sauce reduce lipid absorption, and soy sauce is a
potentially promising seasoning for the treatment of hyperlipidemia
through food, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Hypolipidemic effect of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Shoyu</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> polysaccharides from soy sauce in animals and humans</span>"
by Kobayashi M, Magishi N, Matsushita H, Hashimoto T, Fujimoto M,
Suzuki M, Tsuji K, Saito M, Inoue E, Yoshikawa Y, Matsuura T.(3a).<br />
<br />
4. <b>Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)</b><br />
In the study to determine the effects of genistein, a major component of <span class="highlight">soy</span>, on growth of human-patient <span class="highlight">benign</span> <span class="highlight">prostatic</span> hypertrophy (<span class="highlight">BPH</span>) and <span class="highlight">prostate</span>
cancer tissue in three-dimensional collagen gel-supported histoculture,
showed that Genistein in doses of 1.25-10 micrograms/ml decreased the
growth of <span class="highlight">BPH</span> tissue in histoculture in a dose-dependent manner, with little additional effect at higher doses. <span class="highlight">Prostate</span> cancer tissue in histoculture was similarly inhibited by these doses of genistein(4).<br />
<br />
5. <b>Cough</b><br />
Im the study to analyze the relation between dietary intake at baseline and new onset of <span class="highlight">cough</span>
with phlegm in a population-based cohort of 63,257 middle-aged Chinese
men and women initiated in Singapore between 1993 and 1998, found that a diet high in fiber from <span class="highlight">fruit</span> and, possibly, soyfoods may reduce the incidence of <span class="highlight">chronic</span> respiratory symptoms. Associated nutrients, such as flavonoids, may contribute to this association(5).<br />
<br />
6. <b>Endometriosis</b><br />
In the study to examine the associations among <span class="highlight">soy</span> isoflavone intake, estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) gene polymorphisms and risk of <span class="highlight">endometriosis</span>, showed that Higher levels of urinary genistein and daidzein were associated with decreased risk of advanced <span class="highlight">endometriosis</span> (P for trend = 0.01 and 0.06, respectively) but not early <span class="highlight">endometriosis</span>. For advanced <span class="highlight">endometriosis</span>,
the adjusted odds ratio for the highest quartile group was 0.21 (95%
confidence interval = 0.06-0.76) for genistein and 0.29 (0.08-1.03) for
daidzein, when compared with the lowest group. Inverse associations were
also noted between urinary isoflavones and the severity of <span class="highlight">endometriosis</span> (P for trend = 0.01 for genistein and 0.07 for daidzein). For advanced <span class="highlight">endometriosis</span>, ESR2 gene RsaI polymorphism appeared to modify the effects of genistein (P for interaction = 0.03)(6). <br />
<br />
7. <b><span class="st">Fibroids</span></b><br />
Genistein is a <span class="highlight">soy</span>-derived
phytoestrogen. In the study to investigated the significant inhibitory
effect of genistein on estradiol (E(2))-induced <span class="highlight">leiomyoma</span> cells proliferation, indicated that PPARgamma was expressed in ELT-3 cells and genistein acted as PPARgamma
ligand. This inhibitory effect of genistein was attenuated by the
treatment of cells with PPARgamma antagonist bisphenol A diglycidyl
ether (BADGE) or GW9662 and suggested that the repressive effect of genistein on E(2)-induced ELT-3 cell
proliferation is through the activation of PPARgamma. Genistein may be
useful as an alternative therapy for <span class="highlight">leiomyoma(7)</span>.<br />
<br />
8. <b>Fibromyalgia</b><br />
Some researchers suggested that Shakes that contain <span class="highlight">soy</span> and shakes that contain casein, when combined with a multidisciplinary <span class="highlight">fibromyalgia</span> treatment program, provide a decrease in <span class="highlight">fibromyalgia</span> symptoms. Separation between the effects of <span class="highlight">soy</span> and casein (control) shakes did not favor the intervention. Therefore, large-sample studies using <span class="highlight">soy</span> for patients with <span class="highlight">fibromyalgia</span> are probably not indicated(8). <br />
<br />
9. <b>Graves' disease </b><br />
In the study to investigate the effect of quercetin in primary cultured orbital
fibroblasts from GO, targeting pathways of inflammation, aberrant
accumulation of extracellular matrix macromolecules, and adipose tissue
expansion. showed that Treatment with noncytotoxic doses of quercetin inhibited accumulation of
intracytoplasmic lipid droplets and resulted in a dose-dependent
decrease in expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ,
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α, and C/EBPβ proteins. In
conclusion, inhibition of inflammation, hyaluronan production, and
adipogenesis by the natural plant product quercetin in vitro provides
the basis for further study of its potential use in the treatment of GO(9).<br />
<br />
10. <b><span class="articleText">Hepatitis</span></b><br />
Quercetin, a ubiquitous plant flavonoid, has been identified to inhibit NS3
activity in a specific dose-dependent manner in an in vitro catalysis
assay, showed that<span class="articleText"> </span>quercetin has a direct inhibitory effect on the HCV NS3 protease. These
results point to the potential of quercetin as a natural nontoxic
anti-HCV agent reducing viral production by inhibiting both NS3 and heat
shock proteins essential for HCV replication(10). <br />
<br />
<b>11. Choltesterol</b><br />
In the study to investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of <span class="highlight">soy</span>
bean extract solution fermented by Bacillus subtilis MORI (BTD-1E) in
obese db/db mice, showed that Eight-week-old male db/db mice were
administered 33.3 mg/kg BTD-1E
solution orally once a day for four weeks. The BTD-1E group showed
significantly lower body weight compared with the db control group
(P<0.05). The BTD-1E group showed significantly lower serum total <span class="highlight">cholesterol</span> and LDL <span class="highlight">cholesterol</span>
levels compared with the db control group, respectively (P<0.05,
P<0.01). The BTD-1E group showed significantly decreased liver weight
relative to final body weight compared with the db control group
(P<0.01). After four weeks of BTD-1E administration, lipid droplets
in the liver were apparently decreased in the BTD-1E group compared to
the db control group. In summary, our results suggest that BTD-1E has an
anti-hyperlipidemic effect in the obese mouse model(11).<br />
<br />
12. <b>HPV (human papilloma virus)</b><br />
According to the study of the potential immunomodulatory effects of
genistein on the immune system
and against TC-1 tumor cell line were evaluated in adult female C57BL/6
mice, Dr. Ghaemi A, and the research team at the Golestan University of
Medical Sciences indicated that the effect of GEN on tumor growth may
be attributed to its effect on
lymphocyte proliferation, cytolytic activity and IFN-γ production. GEN
exerts an
immunomodulatory effect in a mouse model of Human Papillomavirus (<span class="highlight">HPV</span>) associated-cervical cancer(12). <br />
<br />
13. <b>Hypertension</b><br />
in the study to evaluate the antihypertensive potential of <span class="highlight">soy</span>
milk (500 mL twice daily) compared with cow's milk was investigated in a
3-mo double-blind randomized study of 40 men and women with
mild-to-moderate <span class="highlight">hypertension, found that </span>, chronic <span class="highlight">soy</span>
milk consumption had modest, but significant hypotensive action in
essential hypertensive subjects. This hypotensive action was correlated
with the urinary excretion of the isoflavonoid genistein(13).<br />
<br />
14. <b><span class="st"> Irritable bowel syndrome</span></b><br />
In the study to evaluate (i) the effects of a phytoestrogen-rich <span class="highlight">soy</span>
germ fermented ingredient (SG) on visceral hypersensitivity,
hyperpermeability and other symptoms in stressed intact female rats,
(ii) the mechanisms of action involved on the basis of both estrogenic
and protease inhibitor activities of SG, researchers showed that A 2-wk oral treatment with SG prevented the stress-induced
hyperpermeability and visceral hypersensitivity in cyclic rats through
ER activation, and blocked the increase in colonic proteolytic activity,
suggesting that SG can be promising in IBS management(14). <br />
<br />
15. <b>Lactose intolerance</b><br />
Modern <span class="highlight">soy</span>
formulas meet all nutritional requirements and safety standards of the
Infant Formula Act of 1980. They are commonly used in infants with
immunoglobulin E-mediated cow's milk allergy (at least 86% effective), <span class="highlight">lactose intolerance</span>,
galactosemia, and as a vegetarian human milk substitute. Largely as a
result of research in animal models, concerns have been voiced regarding
isoflavones in <span class="highlight">soy</span>
infant formulas in relation to nutritional adequacy, sexual
development, neurobehavioral development, immune function, and thyroid
disease, according to the study of Safety of <span class="highlight">soy</span>-based infant formulas containing isoflavones: the clinical evidence(15).<br />
<br />
16. <b><span class="st">Liver disease</span></b><br />
In the stdu8y to evaluate the protective role of <span class="highlight">soy</span> against CCl(4)-induced <span class="highlight">liver</span>
damage in rats as four experimental groups were treated for 8 weeks and
included the control group,showed that Supplementation with <span class="highlight">soy</span> succeeded to restore the elevation of <span class="highlight">liver</span> enzymes activities and improved serum biochemical parameters. Moreover, <span class="highlight">soy</span> supplementation improved the antioxidant enzymes, decreased lipid peroxidation, and improved the histological picture of the <span class="highlight">liver</span> tissue. It could be concluded that <span class="highlight">soy</span>-protein-enriched isoflavones may be a promising agent against <span class="highlight">liver diseases</span>(16). <br />
<br />
17. <b>Multiple sclerosis</b><b> </b><br />
In the study to investigate the use of genistein for the
treatment of the murine model of MS showed that genistein treatment ameliorated significantly the clinical symptoms,
modulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, we analyzed
the leukocyte rolling and adherence in the CNS by performing intravital
microscopy. Genistein treatment resulted in decreased rolling and
adhering of leukocytes as compared to the untreated group(17).<br />
<br />
18. <b>Obesity </b><br />
In the study of Role of dietary <span class="highlight">soy</span> protein in <span class="highlight">obesity</span>,
researchers at the George Washington University Medical Center,
indicated that there were an increasing body of literature suggests that
<span class="highlight">soy</span> protein and its isoflavones may have a beneficial role in <span class="highlight">obesity</span>. Several nutritional intervention studies in animals and humans indicate that consumption of <span class="highlight">soy</span> protein reduces body weight and fat mass in addition to lowering plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. In animal models of <span class="highlight">obesity</span>, <span class="highlight">soy</span> protein ingestion limits or reduces body fat accumulation and improves insulin resistance, the hallmark of human <span class="highlight">obesity</span>. In obese humans, dietary <span class="highlight">soy</span> protein also reduces body weight and body fat mass in addition to reducing plasma lipids(18). <br />
<br />
19. <b>Osteoporosis</b><br />
In the study to clarify the effect of ingesting <span class="highlight">soy</span> isoflavone extracts (not <span class="highlight">soy</span> protein or foods containing isoflavones) on bone mineral density (BMD) in menopausal women<span class="highlight">, found that </span> the varying effects of isoflavones on spine BMD across trials might be
associated with study characteristics of intervention duration (6 vs. 12
months), region of participant (Asian vs. Western), and basal BMD
(normal bone mass vs. osteopenia or <span class="highlight">osteoporosis</span>). No significant effects on femoral neck, hip total, and trochanter BMD were found. <span class="highlight">Soy</span> isoflavone extract supplements increased lumbar spine BMD in menopausal women(19).<br />
<br />
20. <b>Parkinson's disease</b><br />
In the study of the protective effect of the bioflavonoid <span class="highlight">quercetin</span> on behaviors, antioxidases, and neurotransmitters in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine-(MPTP-) induced <span class="highlight">Parkinson's disease</span> (PD, show that <span class="highlight">quercetin</span>
treatment markedly improves the motor balance and coordination of
MPTP-treated mice. Significant increases were observed in the activities
of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Na(+),
K(+)-ATPase, AchE, the content of dopamine (DA) in the <span class="highlight">quercetin</span>
plus MPTP groups compared to those in the MPTP group. Significant
reduction the 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) immunoreactivity in striatum
of brains was observed in the <span class="highlight">quercetin</span> plus MPTP groups in comparison to the MPTP group. Taken together, we propose that <span class="highlight">quercetin</span> has shown antiparkinsonian properties in our studies. More work is needed to explore detailed mechanisms of action(20)<br />
<br />
21. <b>Pelvic inflammatory disease</b><br />
In the study of Changes in the <span class="highlight">anti</span>-inflammatory activity of <span class="highlight">soy</span>
isoflavonoidgenistein versus genistein incorporated in two types of
cyclodextrin derivatives, found that genistein is an active <span class="highlight">anti</span>-inflammatory
phytocompound andits complexation with hydrophilic beta-cyclodextrin
derivatives leads to a stronger antiinflammatoryactivity(21). <br />
<br />
22. <b>Premenstrual syndrome</b><br />
In the study to identify the potential relationship between <span class="highlight">soy</span> isoflavones and premenstrual syndrome, showed that after two cycles of ISP containing IF intervention, total
symptoms (F(2,36) 8.20, P=0.000) and physical symptoms (F(2,36) 8.18,
P=0.000) were significantly reduced compared with baseline after both
active and placebo treatments, although differences between active and
placebo treatment were non-significant. Specific <span class="highlight">premenstrual</span> symptoms, headache (F(2,32) 4.10, P=0.026) and breast tenderness (F(2,32) 4.59, P=0.018), were reduced from baseline after <span class="highlight">soy</span>
IF, but not milk protein placebo. Cramps (F(2,32) 4.15, P=0.025) and
swelling (F(2,32) 4.64, P=0.017) were significantly lower after active
treatment compared with placebo. Concentrations of genistein and
daidzein were increased following <span class="highlight">soy</span> IF consumption, but equol production did not enhance symptom reduction(22).<br />
<br />
23. <b>Thyroid disorders</b><br />
In the study to evaluate the relevant literature and provide the
clinician guidance for advising their patients about the effects of <span class="highlight">soy</span> on <span class="highlight">thyroid</span> function, showed that <span class="highlight">soy</span> foods, by inhibiting absorption, may increase the dose of <span class="highlight">thyroid</span> hormone required by hypothyroid patients. However, hypothyroid adults need not avoid <span class="highlight">soy</span> foods. In addition, there remains a theoretical concern based on in vitro and animal data that in individuals with compromised <span class="highlight">thyroid</span> function and/or whose iodine intake is marginal <span class="highlight">soy</span>
foods may increase risk of developing clinical hypothyroidism(23).
Others suggested that Seaweed ingestion increased I/C concentrations (P
< .0001) and serum
TSH (P < .0001) (1.69 +/- 0.22 vs. 2.19 +/- 0.22 microU/mL, mean +/-
SE). <span class="highlight">Soy</span> supplementation did not affect <span class="highlight">thyroid</span>
end points. Seven weeks of 5 g/day seaweed supplementation was
associated with a small but statistically significant increase in TSH. <span class="highlight">Soy</span> protein isolate supplementation was not associated with changes in serum <span class="highlight">thyroid</span> hormone concentrations(23a).<br />
<br />
24. Etc. <br />
<br />
<b><span class="st">F. Quoted Frpm Foods to prevent and treat cancers </span></b><br />
<span class="st">1. </span><span class="st"><b>Bladder cancer</b></span><br />
<span class="st">Soy <span class="highlight">phytochemicals have been associated with the protective effect
against bladder cancer as it contains genistein, and the isoflavone-rich soy
phytochemical concentrate (SPC). Dr. Singh AV and the research team at the Beth
Israel Deaconess Medical Center, showed that Mice treated with genistin and SPC
had reduced final tumor weights by 56% (P < 0.05) and 52% (P < 0.05),
respectively, associated with induction of tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition
of tumor angiogenesis in vivo. In addition, SPC treatment, but not genistin
treatment, significantly inhibited lung metastases by 95% (P < 0.01)
associated with significant down-regulation of NF-kappaB expression in tumor
tissues and reduction of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I levels,
suggesting that SPC may contain other bioactive ingredients that have
antimetastatic activity(1).</span> </span><br />
<br />
<span class="st"><b>2. Cervical cancer</b></span><br />
<span class="st">Epidemiological and preclinical evidence suggests that polyphenolic <span class="highlight">phytochemicals</span> exemplified by epigallocatechin gallate from tea, curcumin from curry and soya isoflavones possess <span class="highlight">cancer</span>
chemopreventive properties. Dr. Thomasset SC and scientists at the
University of Leicester, in the review of above showed that the
available evidence for tea polyphenols tentatively supports their
advancement into phase III clinical intervention trials aimed at the
prevention of progression of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia,
leukoplakia or premalignant <span class="highlight">cervical</span>
disease. In the case of curcumin and soya isoflavones more studies in
premalignacies seem appropriate to optimise the nature and design of
suitable phase III trials. The abundance of flavonoids and related
polyphenols in the plant kingdom makes it possible that several hitherto
uncharacterised agents with chemopreventive efficacy are still to be
identified, which may constitute attractive alternatives to currently
used chemopreventive drugs(2).</span><br />
<br />
<b><span class="st">3. Breast cancer </span> </b><br />
In a study of " Biological effects of a diet of soy protein rich in
isoflavones on the menstrual cycle of premenopausal women" , by<b> A Cassidy, S Bingham and KD Setchell <span style="font-size: 100%;"> </span></b> (Source
from Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge, UK. ) posted in The
Americal Journal Clinical Nutrition, researchers indicated that these
effects are presumed to be due to nonsteroidal
estrogens of the isoflavone class, which behave as partial
estrogen agonists/antagonists. The responses to soy protein
are potentially beneficial with respect to risk
factors for breast cancer and may in part explain
the low incidence of breast cancer and its correlation with a high
soy intake in Japanese and Chinese women(4).
Other suggested high
dietary levels
of soy isoflavones do not stimulate breast or uterine proliferation
in postmenopausal monkeys and may contribute to an
estrogen profile associated with reduced breast cancer risk(6). One
study indicated that Soy isoflavone genistein induces cell death in
breast cancer cells through mobilization of endogenous copper ions and
generation of reactive oxygen species(3)<br />
<br />
4. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Endomatrial Cancer</span><br />
In the study to investigate the interactive effect of polymorphisms in the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) gene with <span class="highlight">soy</span> <span class="highlight">isoflavones</span>, tea consumption, and dietary fiber on <span class="highlight">endometrial cancer</span> risk in a population-based, case-control study of 1,199 <span class="highlight">endometrial cancer</span> patients and 1,212 controls, found that the Asp(327)Asn (rs6259) polymorphism was associated with decreased risk of <span class="highlight">endometrial cancer</span>,
particularly among postmenopausal women (OR = 0.79, 95% CI =
0.62-1.00). This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) modified
associations of <span class="highlight">soy</span> <span class="highlight">isoflavones</span> and tea consumption but not fiber intake with <span class="highlight">endometrial cancer</span>, with the inverse association of <span class="highlight">soy</span>
intake and tea consumption being more evident for those with the
Asp/Asp genotype of the SHBG gene at Asp(327)Asn (rs6259), particularly
premenopausal women (P(interaction) = 0.06 and 0.02, respectively, for <span class="highlight">soy</span> <span class="highlight">isoflavones</span> and tea intake)(4). Other researchers suggested that a reduced risk of <span class="highlight">endometrial cancer</span>
was associated with total isoflavone intake (highest vs lowest
quintile, ≥7.82 vs <1.59 mg per 1000 kcal/d, RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47
to 0.91), daidzein intake (highest vs lowest quintile, ≥3.54 vs
<0.70 mg per 1000 kcal/d, RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.46 to 0.90), and
genistein intake (highest vs lowest quintile, ≥3.40 vs <0.69 mg per
1000 kcal/d, RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.91). No statistically
significant association with <span class="highlight">endometrial cancer</span> risk was observed for increasing intake of legumes, <span class="highlight">soy</span>, tofu, or glycitein. Truncated age-adjusted incidence rates of <span class="highlight">endometrial cancer</span>
for the highest vs lowest quintile of total isoflavone intake were 55
vs 107 per 100 000 women per year, respectively. The partial population
attributable risk percent for total isoflavone intake lower than the
highest quintile was 26.7% (95% CI = 5.3% to 45.8%)(4a).<br />
<br />
<br />
5. <b>Thyroid cancer</b><br />
In the study to observe that an acidic methanolic extract of soybeans contains compounds that inhibit <span class="highlight">thyroid</span> peroxidase-(TPO) catalyzed reactions essential to <span class="highlight">thyroid</span> hormone synthesis, showed that In the presence of iodide ion, genistein and <span class="highlight">daidzein</span>
blocked TPO-catalyzed tyrosine iodination by acting as alternate
substrates, yielding mono-, di-, and triiodoisoflavones. Genistein also
inhibited thyroxine synthesis using iodinated casein or human goiter
thyroglobulin as substrates for the coupling reaction(5).<br />
<br />
6. <b>Stomach Cancer/Gastric Cancer</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Genistein </span>is a
phytochemical in the Isoflavones, belonging to the group of Flavonoids
(polyphenols), found abundantly in food of the family of legumes,
soy, etc. In the study to determinewhether the effect of genistein is
mediated via
suppression of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 protein, and elucidated the
mechanism of action of this effect in the human <span class="highlight">gastric cancer</span> cell line BGC-823, showed that Genistein treatment inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis
in a dose- and time-dependent manner; Western blotting analysis
indicated a significant dose-dependent decrease in COX-2 protein levels.
Genistein treatment exerted a significant inhibitory effect on
activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB).
Additionally, the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate caused a
reduction in COX-2 protein levels and NF-κB activation, similar to the
effect of genistein(6). <br />
<br />
7. <b>Melanoma skin cancer</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Gallic acid </span>(GA) is a <span class="mw-redirect">phytochemical</span> in the class of Phenolic acids, found abundantly in tea, mango, strawberries, soy, <b>etc.</b> In the study to examine the influence of GA on the protein levels and gene expression of MMP-2
and MMP-9 and in-vitro migration and invasiveness of human <span class="highlight">melanoma</span> cells, showed that GA has antimetastatic potential by decreasing invasiveness of <span class="highlight">cancer</span>
cells. Moreover, this action of GA was involved in the Ras, p-ERK
signaling pathways resulting in inhibition of MMP-2 in A375.S2 human <span class="highlight">melanoma</span> cells. These data, therefore, provide evidence for the role of GA as a potential <span class="highlight">cancer</span> chemotherapeutic agent, which can markedly inhibit the invasive capacity of <span class="highlight">melanoma</span> cells(7).<br />
<br />
8. Etc. <br />
<br />
<b>References</b><br />
<b>A. Quoted From the world most healthy foods</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18522411">(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18522411</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18608549">(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18608549</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Effect%20of%20Germinated%20Soybean%20Protein%20Hydrolysates%20on%20Adipogenesis%20and%20Adipolysis%20in%203T3-L1%20Cells">(c)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Effect%20of%20Germinated%20Soybean%20Protein%20Hydrolysates%20on%20Adipogenesis%20and%20Adipolysis%20in%203T3-L1%20Cells</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20302378">(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20302378</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22005499">(e) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22005499</a><br />
<br />
(1) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21285035">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21285035</a><br />
(2) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19925721">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19925721</a><br />
(3) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19539268">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19539268</a><br />
(4) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12870295">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12870295</a><br />
(5) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22072339">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22072339</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418439">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418439</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20335543">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20335543</a><br />
<br />
<b>Tofu<br />Sources</b><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15808899">(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15808899</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22011856">(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22011856</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001128">(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001128</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22079530">(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22079530</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19484707">(f) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19484707</a><br />
<br />
(1) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19539268">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19539268</a><br />
(2) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22072339">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22072339</a><br />
(3) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22111015">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22111015</a><br />
<a href="http://www.millipore.com/references/tech1/7yv3hk">(4) http://www.millipore.com/references/tech1/7yv3hk</a> <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Soy sauce</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22139566">(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22139566</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19240374">(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19240374</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15492861">(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15492861</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Shoyu%20and%20breast%20cancer">(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Shoyu%20and%20breast%20cancer</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18813866">(e) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18813866</a><br />
<br />
(1) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19539268">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19539268</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>B. Quote From the world moat healthy herbs</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18522411">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18522411</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18608549">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18608549</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Effect%20of%20Germinated%20Soybean%20Protein%20Hydrolysates%20on%20Adipogenesis%20and%20Adipolysis%20in%203T3-L1%20Cells">(3)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Effect%20of%20Germinated%20Soybean%20Protein%20Hydrolysates%20on%20Adipogenesis%20and%20Adipolysis%20in%203T3-L1%20Cells</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20302378">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20302378</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22005499">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22005499</a><br />
<br />
<b>C. Quoted From Phytochemicals in Foods </b><br />
<b><b>Daidzein </b></b><br />
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
Sources</div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
(1) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19889614">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19889614</a></div>
(2) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22279937">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22279937</a><br />
<div>
(3) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20309614">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20309614</a></div>
<div>
(4) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22238489">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22238489</a></div>
<div>
(5) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22256759">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22256759</a></div>
(6) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158125">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158125</a><br />
<a href="http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/12/9/5616/">(7) http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/12/9/5616/</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21992596">(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21992596</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21913999">(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21913999</a><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21745415"><br />(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21745415</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21736835">(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21736835</a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Genistein</span></span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293631">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293631</a><br />
<a href="http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/20335/">(2) http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/20335/</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22292769">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22292769</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20673057">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20673057</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21736835">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21736835</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14628433">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14628433</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21958026">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21958026</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20362658">(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20362658</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20484465">(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20484465</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22120966">(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22120966</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22230815">(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22230815</a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Glycitein</span><br />
<b>Sources</b><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19373613">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19373613</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158125">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158125</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21943063">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21943063</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21861721">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21861721</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21503668">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21503668</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21161820">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21161820</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20714813">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20714813</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20714292">(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20714292</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21614173">(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21614173</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19697921">(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19697921</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18981951">(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18981951</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19411814">(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19411814</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673827">(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673827</a><br />
<br />
D. <b>Quoted from Soy and Joy (Posted with Permission of the writer)</b><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>E. Quoted From Foods to prevent and treat diseases</b><br />
<b>Sources</b><br />
(1) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21681567">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21681567</a><br />
(2) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19281374">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19281374</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22139566">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22139566</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18813866">(3a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18813866</a> <br />
(4) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9465938">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9465938</a><br />
(5) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15117740">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15117740</a><br />
(6) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17474167">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17474167</a><br />
(7) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19903033">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19903033</a> <br />
(8) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18990724">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18990724</a><br />
(9) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22039452">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22039452</a> <br />
(10) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22239530">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22239530</a><br />
(11) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22787486">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22787486</a><br />
(12)<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=soy%20and%20Hpv"> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=soy%20and%20Hpv</a><br />
<span class="highlight">(13) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12097666">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12097666</a> </span><br />
(14) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22727545">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22727545</a><br />
(15) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15113975">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15113975</a> <br />
<span class="st">(16) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22530140">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22530140</a></span><br />
<span class="st">(17) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18602076">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18602076</a> </span><br />
<span class="st">(18) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17396158">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17396158</a></span><br />
<span class="st">(19)<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20199985"> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20199985</a> </span><br />
<span class="st">(20) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22454690">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22454690</a></span><br />
<span class="st">(21) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22716299">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22716299</a> </span><br />
<span class="st">(22) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15975174">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15975174</a></span><br />
<span class="st">(23) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16571087">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16571087</a><br />
(23a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17472472">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17472472</a> </span><br />
<br />
<b><span class="st">F. </span><span class="st">Quoted From Foods to prevent and treat cancers</span></b><br />
<span class="st"><b>Sources</b></span><br />
<span class="st">(1)</span><span class="st"><span class="highlight">
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16452247"><span style="color: #3d74a5;">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16452247</span></a></span> </span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(2) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17131309">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17131309</a> </span></span></span></span> </span><br />
(3) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21462322">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21462322</a><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(4) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19005973">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19005973</a> </span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(4a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158125">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158125</a> </span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(5) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9464451">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9464451 </a></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(6) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22289529">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22289529</a> </span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(7) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21734530">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21734530</a> </span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><br /></span></span></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-55749058455291796462012-09-24T16:35:00.001-07:002014-04-18T05:45:11.190-07:004 Foods for Longevity and Diseases Free Part III- Turmeric Over the years of research, 4 foods appeared mostly in medical studies in
preventing and treating diseases, are Green Tea, Grape seed and skin,
Turmeric and Soy. <b>All Right Reserved.</b><br />
<br />
III. <b>Turmeric</b><br />
<b><b>Turmeric, </b>principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice, a <span class="mw-redirect">rhizomatous</span> <span class="mw-redirect">herbaceous</span> perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, native to <span class="mw-redirect">tropical</span>
South Asia, according to "Effects of different drying methods on the
antioxidant properties of leaves and tea of ginger species" by<b style="font-weight: normal;"> E.W.C. Chan, Y.Y. Lim<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3197731331425801124" name="bcor1"></a></b><b style="font-weight: normal;">,
S.K. Wong, K.K. Lim, S.P. Tan, F.S. Lianto and M.Y. Yong, posted in
Science Direct. It has been used in traditional herbal medicine</b>
as an anti-inflammatory agent and to treat gastrointestinal symptoms
associated with irritable bowel syndrome and other digestive disorders.
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Curcumin</span> is a phytochemical
found abundant in the plant. In acidic solutions (pH <7.4) it turns
yellow, whereas in basic (pH > 8.6) solutions it turns bright red.</b><br />
<br />
<b>A. Quoted From Phytochemicals in Foods</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Breast cancer</span><br />
In a study of `Curcumin decreases survival of Hep3B liver and MCF-7 breast cancer cells: the role of HIF.`<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Str%C3%B6fer%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>by Ströfer M, Jelkmann W, Depping R.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> (</span>Source
from Department of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology
in Medicine, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.
troefer@physio.uni-luebeck.de) posted in US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health, researchers found that effects
of curcumin on cell growth and survival factor expression suggest its
potential benefit in the treatment of cancer without a direct
radiosensitizing influence of curcumin on these cells.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Cancers and </span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">Alzheimer's dis</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ease and </span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">Anti-inflammatory</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> agent</span><br />
a. Cancers<br />
According
to the study of `Induction of apoptosis by curcumin and its
implications for cancer therapy.` by Karunagaran D, Rashmi R, Kumar TR.
(Cancer Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India.dkarunagaran@hotmail.com),
posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of
Health, reseachers found that this review describes the mechanisms of
curcumin-induced apoptosis currently known, and suggests several
potential strategies that include down-regulation of antiapoptotic
proteins by antisense oligonucleotides, use of proapoptotic peptides
and combination therapy, and other novel approaches against
chemoresistant tumors. Several factors including pharmacological
safety, scope for improvement of structure and function of curcumin and
its ability to attack multiple targets are in favor of curcumin being
developed as a drug for prevention and therapy of various cancers.<br />
<div class="nlm">
</div>
<div class="aff">
In an article of `Don't Go Easy on Turmeric: It Prevents and Cures Cancer` by <span style="color: black;">By VIJI SUNDARAM, India-West Staff Reporter</span>(<span style="color: black;">WEST PUBLICATIONS(Copyright India-West, July 15, 2005, www.indiawest.com), receptor wrote that </span><span style="color: black;">Dr.
Bharat Aggarwal, who headed the 12-member team of researchers at UT's
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, told India-West in a telephone interview
earlier this week that his clinical research has made available not
only "the master switch to turn off cancer, but also a cure for it. It
was already known that curcumin can prevent cancer," Aggarwal said.
"Now it can also be used to cure cancer." And, he added: "We are
providing evidence that curcumin can work on at least one dozen
cancers."</span> <span style="color: black;">Because of turmeric's extensive use in foods in India and Pakistan, the incidence of cancer, especially <span style="font-weight: bold;">breast, colon, prostate and lung,</span>
is a lot less in those countries, Aggarwal said. And because south
Indians use turmeric more widely than north Indians, "the prevalence of
cancer is less among them than among north Indians," he said.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. </span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">Alzheimer's disease</span><br />
According to <span style="color: black;">Aggarwal,</span> <span style="color: black;">the
team determined that curcumin is more effective in inhibiting
formation of the protein fragments than many other drugs being tested
to treat Alzheimer's. The prevalence of the disease among older adults
in India is 4.4 times less than in the U.S., suggesting that many
Indians might be benefiting from having turmeric as a dietary staple.</span><br />
In other study of <span style="font-weight: bold;">`</span>NSAID
and antioxidant prevention of Alzheimer's disease: lessons from in
vitro and animal models.`by Cole GM, Morihara T, Lim GP, Yang F, Begum
A, Frautschy SA.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> (</span>Source from
Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Veterans Administration Medical
Center, North Hills, CA 91343, USA. gmcole@ucla.edu) posted in US
National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health,
reseachers found that the unconventional NSAID/antioxidant curcumin
was effective, lowering oxidative damage, cognitive deficits, synaptic
marker loss, and amyloid deposition. Curcumin proved to be
immunomodulatory, simultaneously inhibiting cytokine and microglial
activation indices related to neurotoxicity, but increasing an index of
phagocytosis. Curcumin directly targeted Abeta and was also effective
in other models, warranting further preclinical and clinical
exploration.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. </span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">Anti-inflammatory</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> agent</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">According to the study of </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">e</span>valuation
of anti-inflammatory property of curcumin (diferuloyl methane) in
patients with postoperative inflammation. by Satoskar RR, Shah SJ,
Shenoy SG., poated in US National Library of Medicine National
Institutes of Health, researchers wrote that In this model of
postoperative inflammation, the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin
(diferuloyl methane) was investigated in comparison with
phenylbutazone and placebo. Phenylbutazone and curcumin produced a
better anti-inflammatory response than placebo.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Antioxidants</span><br />
In
a study of `Protective Role of Curcumin Against Oxidative
Stress,Immunosuppressive and Cytotoxic Effects of Lead Exposure` by
Mahmoud El-sherbiny, Azza Araffa, Mona Mantawy and Hany M. Hassan
(Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre - Dokki,
Giza, Egypt. Immunology Department, Animal Reproduction Research
Institute (ARRI), Giza, Egypt), posted in World Applied Sciences Journal
12 (10): 1832-1838, 2011, researchers found that<br />
ground, curcumin's
benefits on tumorigenesis are thought to be mediated by its
antiinflammatory activity; however, these effects have not been well
characterized in a mouse model of colon cancer. Briefly, curcumin is
efficacious for chronic nonbacterial prostatitis in rats and the action
mechanism may be associated with its decreasing effect on the
proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-alpha in the blood and tissues.
Curcumin has protective effect on DNA of pulmonary cells. There was
direct evidence for an involvement of curcumin in reducing arsenic and
lead induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice by virtue of its
antioxidant potential and trapping of free radicals. The current
investigation concluded that curcumin has protective role against
cytotoxic, immunosuppressive , oxidative and immunosuppressive profile
that perform due to lead acetate exposure.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Amyloidosis</span><br />
In a study of <span style="font-weight: bold;">`</span>Curcumin
inhibits formation of amyloid beta oligomers and fibrils, binds
plaques, and reduces amyloid in vivo.`by Yang F, Lim GP, Begum AN, Ubeda
OJ, Simmons MR, Ambegaokar SS, Chen PP, Kayed R, Glabe CG, Frautschy
SA, Cole GM.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> (</span>Source from
Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.) posted in US
National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health,
researchers found that curcumin labeled plaques and reduced amyloid
levels and plaque burden. Hence, curcumin directly binds small
beta-amyloid species to block aggregation and fibril formation in vitro
and in vivo. These data suggest that low dose curcumin effectively
disaggregates Abeta as well as prevents fibril and oligomer formation,
supporting the rationale for curcumin use in clinical trials
preventing or treating AD.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Chronic anterior uveitis</span><br />
In
a study of `Efficacy of curcumin in the management of chronic anterior
uveitis.`by Lal B, Kapoor AK, Asthana OP, Agrawal PK, Prasad R, Kumar
P, Srimal RC.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> (</span>Source from
Department of Ophthalmology, K.G. Medical College, Lucknow, India.)
posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of
Health, researchers found that the efficacy of curcumin and
recurrences following treatment are comparable to corticosteroid
therapy which is presently the only available standard treatment for
this disease. The lack of side effects with curcumin is its greatest
advantage compared with corticosteroids. A double blind multi-centric
clinical trial with this drug in CAU is highly desirable to further
validate the results of the present study.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Improve Learning and Memory Ability</span><br />
According to the researcher of <span style="font-weight: bold;">`</span>Curcumin improves learning and memory ability and its neuroprotective mechanism in mice.`by Pan R, Qiu S, Lu DX, Dong J.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> (</span>Source
from Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical
College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.) posted in
US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health,
the result of the study indicated that curcumin significantly improved
the memory ability of AD mice in the step-through test, as indicated
by the reduced number of step-through errors (P < 0.05) and
prolonged step-through latency (P < 0.05). Curcumin also attenuated
the neuropathological changes in the hippocampus and inhibited
apoptosis accompanied by an increase in Bcl-2 level (P < 0.05), but
the activity of Bax did not change (P > 0.05). AlCl(3)
significantly reduced the viability of PC12 cells (P < 0.01).
Curcumin increased cell viability in the presence of AlCl(3) (P <
0.01). The rate of apoptosis decreased significantly in the curcumin
group (P < 0.05) when measured by flow cytometric analysis.
Curcumin protected cells by increasing Bcl-2 level (P < 0.05), but
the level of Bax did not change (P > 0.05)., researchers conclude
that<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>this study demonstrates
that curcumin improves the memory ability of AD mice and inhibits
apoptosis in cultured PC12 cells induced by AlCl(3). Its mechanism may
involve enhancing the level of Bcl-2.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. Gall-bladder function</span><br />
In a study of <span style="font-weight: bold;">`</span>The effect of curcumin and placebo on human gall-bladder function: an ultrasound study.`by Rasyid A, Lelo A.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ( from </span>Source
Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera
Utara, Medan, Indonesia.) posted in posted in US National Library of
Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that
The fasting gall-bladder volumes of 15.74 +/- 4.29 mL on curcumin and
15.98 +/- 4.08 mL on placebo were similar (P > 0.20). The
gall-bladder volume was reduced within the period after curcumin
administration. The percentage of gall-bladder volume reduction at 0.5,
1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 h after 20 mg curcumin administration were 11.8 +/-
6.9, 16.8 +/- 7.4, 22.0 +/- 8.5 and 29. 3 +/- 8.3%, respectively, which
was statistically significant compared to placebo.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. Eicosanoidand Blood Platelets</span><br />
In
a study of `Curcumin, a major component of food spice turmeric
(Curcuma longa) inhibits aggregation and alters eicosanoid metabolism
in human blood platelets.`by Srivastava KC, Bordia A, Verma SK.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> (</span>Source
from Department of Environmental Medicine, Odense University Denmark.)
posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes
of Health, researchers found that this compound inhibited thromboxane
B2 (TXB2) production from exogenous [14C] arachidonate in washed
platelets with a concomitant increase in the formation of
12-lipoxygenase products. Moreover, curcumin inhibited the
incorporation of [14C]AA into platelet phospholipids and inhibited the
deacylation of AA-labelled phospholipids (liberation of free AA) on
stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187. Curcumin's anti-inflammatory
property may, in part, be explained by its effects on eicosanoid
biosynthesis.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Cellular Processing</span><br />
According
to the research of `Evidence against the rescue of defective
DeltaF508-CFTR cellular processing by curcumin in cell culture and mouse
models.`by Song Y, Sonawane ND, Salinas D, Qian L, Pedemonte N,
Galietta LJ, Verkman AS.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> (</span>Source
from Department of Medicine and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research
Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143,
USA. Copyright 2004 American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology, Inc.) posted in US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health, researchers found that assay of serum
curcumin by ethyl acetate extraction followed by liquid
chromatography/mass spectrometry indicated a maximum serum concentration
of 60 nm, well below that of 5-15 microm, where cellular effects by
sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium pump inhibition are proposed
to occur. Our results do not support further evaluation of curcumin
for cystic fibrosis therapy.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />11. Chemopreventative blocking agents</span><br />
In
a study of Effect of the beta-diketones diferuloylmethane (curcumin)
and dibenzoylmethane on rat mammary DNA adducts and tumors induced by
7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.<br />
<div class="auths">
Singletary K, MacDonald C, Iovinelli M, Fisher C, Wallig M. by<span style="font-weight: bold;"> (</span>Source from Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, USA.)<br />
posted
in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of
Health, reseachers found that Female rats provided diets supplemented
with dibenzoylmethane at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% for 14 days prior to dosing
with DMBA exhibited a significant decrease in mammary tumor
development, compared with controls. However, tumor development for
animals fed diets containing 1.0% curcumin was not different from that
of controls. Therefore, dibenzoylmethane, and possibly other
structurally-related beta-diketones, warrant examination as breast
cancer chemopreventative blocking agents.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">12. Lymphomas/Leukemias</span><br />
In a study of <span style="font-weight: bold;">`</span>Effect
of dietary curcumin and dibenzoylmethane on formation of
7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumors and
lymphomas/leukemias in Sencar mice.`by Huang MT, Lou YR, Xie JG, Ma W,
Lu YP, Yen P, Zhu BT, Newmark H, Ho CT.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> (</span>Source
from Laboratory for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The
State University of New Jersey, Piscataway 08854-8020, USA.) US
National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health,
researchers found that the incidence of lymphomas/leukemias was
completely inhibited by 1% DBM diet. In contrast, feeding 2% curcumin
diet had little or no effect on the incidence of mammary tumors, and
the incidence of lymphomas/leukemias was reduced by 53%.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">13. </span><b style="font-weight: bold;">Angiogenesis Inhibitor</b>According to the study of <span style="font-weight: bold;">`</span>Curcumin as an inhibitor of angiogenesis.`by Bhandarkar SS, Arbiser <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Arbiser%20JL%22%5BAuthor%5D">JL</a>.<span style="font-weight: bold;">(</span>Source
from Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine,
Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. ssbhand@emory.edu)
posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Curcumin shows a
dose-dependent inhibition on tumor necrosis factor, a versatile
cytokine, which has its effect on angiogenesis through the signal
transduction pathways, expression of proangiogenic factors, and cell
adhesion molecules. Curcumin's effect on the overall process of
angiogenesis compounds its enormous potential as an antiangiogenic drug.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">14. </span><span class="st" style="font-weight: bold;">Perisinusoidal Cells (</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Hepatic Stellate Cell (HSC))</span><br />
<span class="st">In a study of </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">`</span>De
novo synthesis of glutathione is a prerequisite for curcumin to
inhibit hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation.`by Zheng S, Yumei F,
Chen A.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> (</span>Source from Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, China.) posted in PubMed, researchers found that<br />
De
novo synthesis of GSH is a prerequisite for curcumin to inhibit HSC
activation. These results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of
curcumin as an antifibrogenic candidate in the prevention and
treatment of hepatic fibrosis.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">15. Liver Disease</span><br />
According
to the study of `Curcumin prevents alcohol-induced liver disease in
rats by inhibiting the expression of NF-kappa B-dependent genes.`by
Nanji AA, Jokelainen K, Tipoe GL, Rahemtulla A, Thomas P, Dannenberg AJ.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> (</span>Source
from Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283,
USA. amin.nanji@uphs.upenn.edu) posed in PubMed, researchers found that<br />
Treatment
with curcumin prevented both the pathological and biochemical changes
induced by alcohol. Because endotoxin and the Kupffer cell are
implicated in the pathogenesis of ALD, we investigated whether curcumin
suppressed the stimulatory effects of endotoxin in isolated Kupffer
cells. Curcumin blocked endotoxin-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and
suppressed the expression of cytokines, chemokines, COX-2, and iNOS in
Kupffer cells. Thus curcumin prevents experimental ALD, in part by
suppressing induction of NF-kappaB-dependent genes.<br />
<div class="nlm">
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</div>
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<h4>
</h4>
<h4>
</h4>
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<a href="http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/">http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/</a><br />
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<br />
B. <b>Quoted From The World Most Popular Herbs</b><br />
<b>1. Pancreatic cancer</b><br />
In the study of the cytotoxic
effect of Turmeric Force (TF), a supercritical and hydroethanolic
extracted from turmeric, alone and in combination with gemcitabine in
two pancreatic carcinoma cell lines (BxPC3 and Panc-1), found that TF
induced cell death in 96% of the cells at 50 microg/ml. The combination
of gemcitabine and TF was synergistic with IC90 levels achieved in
both pancreatic cancer cell lines at lower concentrations. CalcuSyn
analysis of cytotoxicity data showed that the Gemcitabine + Turmeric
Force combination has strong synergism with combination index (CI)
values of 0.050 and 0.183 in BxPC3 and Panc-1 lines, respectively at
IC50 level, according to "Potentiation of gemcitabine by Turmeric Force in pancreatic cancer cell lines" by Ramachandran C, Resek AP, Escalon E, Aviram A, Melnick SJ.(1)<br />
<br />
2. Cancer Therapy<br />
In
the investigation of the effect of an ethanol extract of turmeric
("Curcuma longa") as well as an ointment of curcumin (its active
ingredient) in relieving symptoms in patients with external cancerous
lesions, found that Reduction in smell were noted in 90% of the cases
and reduction in itching in almost all cases. Dry lesions were observed
in 70% of the cases, and a small number of patients (10%) had a
reduction in lesion size and pain. In many patients the effect continued
for several months. An adverse reaction was noticed in only one of the
62 patients evaluated, according to" Turmeric and curcumin as topical agents in cancer therapy" by Kuttan R, Sudheeran PC, Josph CD.(2)<br />
<br />
3. Anti cancer effects<br />
In
assessment of the anticancer activity of the rhizomes of turmeric, in
vitro, using tissue culture methods and in vivo in mice, found that
Cytotoxic effect was found within 30 min at room temperature (30 degrees
C). The active constituent was found to be 'curcumin' which showed
cytotoxicity to lymphocytes and Dalton's lymphoma cells at a
concentration of 4 micrograms/ml. Initial experiments indicated that
turmeric extract and curcumin reduced the development of animal tumours,
according to "Potential anticancer activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa)" by Kuttan R, Bhanumathy P, Nirmala K, George MC.(3)<br />
<br />
4. Antifungal activity<br />
In
the determination of the urmeric oil and curcumin, isolated from
Curcuma longa L., effects against fifteen isolates of dermatophytes,
four isolates of pathogenic molds and six isolates of yeasts, found that
turmeric oil (dilution 1:80) was applied by dermal application on the
7th day following dermatophytosis induction with Trichophyton rubrum.
An improvement in lesions was observed in 2-5 days and the lesions
disappeared 6-7 days after the application of turmeric oil, accoridng to
"Antifungal activity of turmeric oil extracted from Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae)" by Apisariyakul A, Vanittanakom N, Buddhasukh D.(4)<br />
<br />
5. Anti prostate diseases<br />
In
the examination of the use of turmeric, derived from the root of the
plant curcuma longa, for the treatment of various diseases in Ayurveda
and in Traditional Chinese Medicine for thousands of years, indicated
that extensive research over the last decade has indicated that this
polyphenol can both prevent and treat prostatic diseases, according to "[Curcumin in the treatment of prostatic diseases].[Article in Chinese]" by Chen ZQ, Mo ZN.(5)<br />
<br />
6. Anti inflammatory effects<br />
In
a systematic review of the literature was to summarize the literature
on the safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin, found that
curcumin has been demonstrated to be safe in six human trials and has
demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity. It may exert its
anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of a number of different
molecules that play a role in inflammation, according to "Safety and
anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: a component of tumeric (Curcuma
longa)" by Chainani-Wu N (6)<br />
<br />
7. Antioxidants<br />
In
the research of a literature search (PubMed) of almost 1500 papers
dealing with curcumin, most from recent years, with ll available
abstracts were read and pproximately 300 full papers were reviewed,
found that curcumin, a component of turmeric, has been shown to be
non-toxic, to have antioxidant activity, and to inhibit such mediators
of inflammation as NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipooxygenase
(LOX), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Significant
preventive and/or curative effects have been observed in experimental
animal models of a number of diseases, including arteriosclerosis,
cancer, diabetes, respiratory, hepatic, pancreatic, intestinal and
gastric diseases, neurodegenerative and eye diseases, "Curcumin,
an atoxic antioxidant and natural NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2,
lipooxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: a shield
against acute and chronic diseases" by Bengmark S.(7)<br />
<br />
8. Neuroprotective effect<br />
In
the finding of the A Potential Neuroprotective Agent in treating
Parkinson's Disease, found that curcumin exhibits antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, crosses the blood-brain
barrier and is neuroprotective in neurological disorders. Several
studies in different experimental models of PD strongly support the
clinical application of curcumin in PD. The current review explores the
therapeutic potential of curcumin in PD, according to "Curcumin: A Potential Neuroprotective Agent in Parkinson's Disease" by Mythri RB, Bharath MS.(8)<br />
<br />
9. Antiarthritic efficacy<br />
In
the determination of the antiarthritic efficacy and mechanism of
action of a well-characterized turmeric extract using an animal model
of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), found that a turmeric fraction depleted
of essential oils profoundly inhibited joint inflammation and
periarticular joint destruction in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo
treatment prevented local activation of NF-kappaB and the subsequent
expression of NF-kappaB-regulated genes mediating joint inflammation
and destruction, including chemokines, cyclooxygenase 2, and RANKL,
according to "Efficacy and mechanism of action of turmeric supplements in the treatment of experimental arthritis"
by Funk JL, Frye JB, Oyarzo JN, Kuscuoglu N, Wilson J, McCaffrey G,
Stafford G, Chen G, Lantz RC, Jolad SD, Sólyom AM, Kiela PR, Timmermann
BN.(9)<br />
<br />
10. Gastrointestinal diseases<br />
In the explore more systematically in various diseases of curcumin's therapeutic promise,<br />
indicated
that curcumin may be particularly suited to be developed to treat
gastrointestinal diseases. This review summarizes some of the current
literature of curcumin's anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer
potential in inflammatory bowel diseases, hepatic fibrosis and
gastrointestinal cancers, according to "Therapeutic potential of curcumin in gastrointestinal diseases" by Rajasekaran SA.(10)<br />
<br />
11. Diabetes<br />
In
identification of turmeric, a water-soluble peptide in turmeric
rhizomes,and its inhibitory potential against glucosidase and its
antioxidant (AO) capacity, indicated that Turmerin showed good DPPH
(IC(50) = 29 µg mL(-1)) and superoxide (IC(50) = 48 µg mL(-1)) and
moderate ABTS (IC(50) = 83 µg mL(-1)) radical scavenging and Fe(II)
chelation (IC(50) = 101 µg mL(-1)) capacities. The inhibitory potential
showed by turmerin against enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes, as well
as its moderate AO capacity, could rationalise the traditional usage of
turmeric rhizome preparations against diabetes, according to "Turmerin, the antioxidant protein from turmeric (Curcuma longa) exhibits antihyperglycaemic effects" by Lekshmi PC, Arimboor R, Raghu KG, Menon AN.(11)<br />
<br />
12. Wound healing<br />
In
the testing the effect of wound healing of fresh turmeric (Curcuma
longa) paste in a preclinical study in an animal model, found that Only
tensile strength was measured on day 14 of treatment. It was observed
that the wound healing was statistically significantly faster (P <
.01) in both treatment groups compared to the control group, according
to "Turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome paste and honey show similar wound healing potential: a preclinical study in rabbits" by Kundu S, Biswas TK, Das P, Kumar S, De DK.(12)<br />
<br />
13. Etc.<br />
<br />
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<a href="http://279305cip7qf4i-4mg3xi46-v7.hop.clickbank.net/">A Beginner's Guide To Herbs And<br />Herb Gardening, Step by step</a><br />
<br />
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<br />
For the world most healthy foods visit<a href="http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html"> http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html</a><b> </b><br />
<b>C. Quoted Foods to prevent and treat diseases</b><br />
<b>1. Anxiety </b><br />
In the study to evaluate the effect of <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>
(10 and 20mg/kg), an active constituent of Curcuma longa was evaluated
for its antianxiety-like activity in mice subjected to
immobilization-induced restraint stress for 6h, indicated that the combination of aminoguanidine and <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> significantly decreased the plasma nitrite levels as compared to <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> and aminoguanidine per se in stressed mice. <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span>
and aminoguanidine did not produce any significant change in brain GABA
contents of the animals. Diazepam (2mg/kg) produced significant
anxiolytic-like effect only in unstressed mice, but could not exert
significant anxiolysis in stressed mice. However, diazepam significantly
increased GABA contents in both unstressed and stressed mice as
compared to respective control groups. These findings suggest the
possible involvement of only inducible NOS and not neuronal NOS in
antianxiety-like effect of <span class="highlight">curcumin(1)</span>.<br />
<br />
2. <b><span class="highlight">Alzheimer's disease</span></b><br />
<b>Turmeric, </b>principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice, a <span class="mw-redirect">rhizomatous</span> <span class="mw-redirect">herbaceous</span> perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, native to <span class="mw-redirect">tropical</span>
South Asia, according to "Effects of different drying methods on the
antioxidant properties of leaves and tea of ginger species" by<b style="font-weight: normal;"> E.W.C. Chan, Y.Y. Lim<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1852946303934683228" name="bcor1"></a></b><b style="font-weight: normal;">,
S.K. Wong, K.K. Lim, S.P. Tan, F.S. Lianto and M.Y. Yong, posted in
Science Direct. It has been used in traditional herbal medicine</b>
as an anti-inflammatory agent and to treat gastrointestinal symptoms
associated with irritable bowel syndrome and other digestive disorders.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Curcumin</span> is a phytochemical
found abundant in the plant. In acidic solutions (pH <7.4) it turns
yellow, whereas in basic (pH > 8.6) solutions it turns bright red.<br />
In other study of <span style="font-weight: bold;">`</span>NSAID
and antioxidant prevention of Alzheimer's disease: lessons from in
vitro and animal models.`by Cole GM, Morihara T, Lim GP, Yang F, Begum
A, Frautschy SA.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> (</span>Source from
Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Veterans Administration Medical
Center, North Hills, CA 91343, USA. gmcole@ucla.edu) posted in US
National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health,
reseachers found that the unconventional NSAID/antioxidant curcumin
was effective, lowering oxidative damage, cognitive deficits, synaptic
marker loss, and amyloid deposition. Curcumin proved to be
immunomodulatory, simultaneously inhibiting cytokine and microglial
activation indices related to neurotoxicity, but increasing an index of
phagocytosis. Curcumin directly targeted Abeta and was also effective
in other models, warranting further preclinical and clinical
exploration(2). <br />
<br />
3. <b>Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)</b><br />
<span class="highlight">Turmeric</span> (<span class="highlight">Curcuma</span>
longa L., Zingiberaceae) rhizomes contain two classes of secondary
metabolites, curcuminoids and the less well-studied essential oils. Dr.
Funk JL and research team at the University of Arizona, indicated that
Crude or refined TEO extracts dramatically inhibited joint swelling
(90-100% inhibition) in female rats with streptococcal cell wall
(SCW)-induced <span class="highlight">arthritis</span>
when extracts were administered via intraperitoneal injection to
maximize uniform delivery. However, this anti-arthritic effect was
accompanied by significant morbidity and mortality. Oral administration
of a 20-fold higher dose TEO was nontoxic, but only mildly
joint-protective (20% inhibition). These results do not support the
isolated use of TEO for <span class="highlight">arthritis</span> treatment but, instead, identify potential safety concerns in vertebrates exposed to TEO(3).<br />
<br />
4. <b>Polymalagia Arthritis(PMR)</b><br />
<b>Turmeric, </b>principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice, a <span class="mw-redirect">rhizomatous</span> <span class="mw-redirect">herbaceous</span> perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, native to <span class="mw-redirect">tropical</span> South Asia. <br />
a. <b>Anti inflammatory effects</b><br />
In a systematic review of
the literature was to summarize the literature on the safety and
anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin, found that curcumin has been
demonstrated to be safe in six human trials and has demonstrated
anti-inflammatory activity. It may exert its anti-inflammatory activity
by inhibition of a number of different molecules that play a role in
inflammation, according to "Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of
curcumin: a component of tumeric (Curcuma longa)" by Chainani-Wu N (4)<br />
<b>b. Antioxidants</b><br />
In
the research of a literature search (PubMed) of almost 1500 papers
dealing with curcumin, most from recent years, with ll available
abstracts were read and pproximately 300 full papers were reviewed,
found that curcumin, a component of turmeric, has been shown to be
non-toxic, to have antioxidant activity, and to inhibit such mediators
of inflammation as NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipooxygenase
(LOX), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Significant
preventive and/or curative effects have been observed in experimental
animal models of a number of diseases, including arteriosclerosis,
cancer, diabetes, respiratory, hepatic, pancreatic, intestinal and
gastric diseases, neurodegenerative and eye diseases, "<b>Curcumin,
an atoxic antioxidant and natural NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2,
lipooxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: a shield
against acute and chronic diseases</b>" by Bengmark S.(4a)<br />
<br />
5. <b>Chlamydia</b><br />
In the study to evaluate the Berberine of a plant alkaloid with a long history of medicinal use in
both Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine, presented abundantly in <span class="highlight">turmeric, found that </span>erberine extracts and decoctions have demonstrated significant
antimicrobial activity against a variety of organisms including
bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, helminths, and <span class="highlight">chlamydia</span>. Currently, the predominant clinical uses of berberine include bacterial diarrhea, intestinal parasite <span class="highlight">infections</span>, and ocular trachoma <span class="highlight">infections</span>(5)<br />
<br />
6. <span class="st"><b>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)</b></span><br />
<span class="st">Cadmium is a toxic metal present in the environment and its inhalation can lead to <span class="highlight">pulmonary</span> <span class="highlight">disease</span> such as lung cancer and <span class="highlight">chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</span>. These lung diseases are characterized by <span class="highlight">chronic</span>
inflammation. In the study of Curcumin regulates airway epithelial cell
cytokine responses to the pollutant cadmium, researchers found that the
natural antioxidant curcumin could prevent both cadmium-induced IL-6
and IL-8 secretion by human airway epithelial cells. In conclusion,
curcumin could be used to prevent airway inflammation due to cadmium
inhalation(6). </span><br />
<br />
<b>7. Diabetes</b><br />
In the evaluation of the effect of feeding 0.5% curcumin diet or 1%
cholesterol diet in albino rats rendered diabetic with streptozotocin
injection, indicated that curcumin feeding improves the metabolic status
in diabetic conditions,
despite no effect on hyperglycemic status or the body weights. The
mechanism by which curcumin improves this situation is probably by
virtue of its hypocholesterolemic influence, antioxidant nature and free
radical scavenging property(7).<br />
<br />
8. <b>Depression</b><br />
<span class="highlight">Curcumin</span> is a major active compound of Curcuma longa. In the study to investigate the effect of <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> on endogenous glutamate release in nerve terminals of rat prefrontal cortex and the underlying mechanisms, suggested that <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>
inhibits evoked glutamate release from rat prefrontocortical
synaptosomes by the suppression of presynaptic Ca(v)2.2 and Ca(v)2.1
channels. The inhibitory effect of <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>
on 4-AP-evoked glutamate release was completely abolished by the
clinically effective antidepressant fluoxetine. This suggests that <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> and fluoxetine use a common intracellular mechanism to inhibit glutamate release from rat prefrontal cortex nerve terminals(8).<br />
<br />
9. <b>Crohn's disease</b><br />
The up regulation of gut mucosal cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor
(TNF)-α and oxidative stress have been related to inflammatory bowel
diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and <span class="highlight">Crohn's disease</span> (CD). In the study to investigate an immune-mediated model of colitis. TNF-α injected
intraperitonally to mice induced a dose-dependent recruitment of
neutrophils into abdominal mesentery, showed that AG and Cur treatments significantly attenuated the hallmarks of
oxidative stress, neutrophils influx and ROS-related cellular and
histological damages, in TNF-α-treated mice. Taken together, our results
provide insights into the role of phagocytes-derived oxidants in
TNF-α-colitis in mice. Cur and AG, by inhibiting neutrophils priming and
iNOsynthase could be effective against oxidative bowel damages induced
in IBD by imbalanced gut immune response(9).<br />
<br />
10. <b><span class="st">Fibroids</span></b><br />
Uterine leiomyomas are the most common gynaecological benign tumour and
greatly affect reproductive health and wellbeing. <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span>,
a well-known component of turmeric, has been reported to prevent
various diseases such as cancer, diabetes and obesity. Researchers at
Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, suggested that <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> significantly inhibited ELT-3 cell proliferation. PPARγ was expressed in ELT-3 cells and <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> acted as a PPARγ ligand. This inhibitory effect of <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> was attenuated by the treatment of cells with PPARγ antagonist(10).<br />
<br />
<b>11. Flu (influenza) </b><br />
In the studt to investigate selected <span class="highlight">polyphenols</span> for their antiviral activity against <span class="highlight">influenza</span> A and B viruses. Among the <span class="highlight">polyphenols,</span> isoquercetin inhibited the replication of both <span class="highlight">influenza</span>
A and B viruses at the lowest effective concentration. In a double
treatment of isoquercetin and amantadine, synergistic effects were
observed on the reduction of viral replication in vitro. The serial
passages of virus in the presence of isoquercetin did not lead to the
emergence of resistant virus, and the addition of isoquercetin to
amantadine or oseltamivir treatment suppressed the emergence of
amantadine- or oseltamivir-resistant virus. In a mouse model of <span class="highlight">influenza</span> virus infection, isoquercetin administered intraperitoneally to mice inoculated with <span class="highlight">human influenza</span>
A virus significantly decreased the virus titers and pathological
changes in the lung. Our results suggest that isoquercetin may have the
potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of <span class="highlight">influenza</span> virus infection and for the suppression of resistance in combination therapy with existing drugs.(11).<br />
<br />
12. <b><span class="articleText">Hepatitis</span></b><br />
<span class="highlight">Curcumin</span> has not only shown anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antifungal, antibacterial and anticancer activities but also has had the
ability to inhibit several factors like nuclear factor-kappaB, which
modulates several pro-inflammatory and profibrotic cytokines as well as
its anti-oxidant properties, provide a rational molecular basis to use
it in hepatic disorders. <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span> attenuates <span class="highlight">liver</span>
injury induced by ethanol, thioacetamide, iron overdose, cholestasis
and acute, subchronic and chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))
intoxication; moreover, it reverses CCl(4) cirrhosis to some extent(12).<br />
<br />
13.<b><span class="st"> Genital herpes</span></b><br />
In the study to investigate Curcumin, a phenolic compound from the curry spice <span class="highlight">turmeric</span>
in exhibiting a wide range of activities in eukaryotic cells, including
antiviral effect, found that curcumin affects VP16-mediated recruitment
of RNA polymerase II to IE
gene promoters by a mechanism independent of p300/CBP histone
acetyltransferase activity(13).<br />
<br />
14. <b><span class="st">Irritable bowel syndrome</span></b><br />
In the study to assess the effects of <span class="highlight">turmeric</span> (<span class="highlight">Curcuma</span> longa) extract on irritable bowel syndrome (<span class="highlight">IBS</span>) symptomology in otherwise healthy adults, indicated that <span class="highlight">IBS</span> prevalence
decreased significantly in both groups between screening and baseline
(41% and 57%), with a further significant drop of 53% and 60% between
baseline and after treatment, in the one- and two-tablet groups
respectively (p < 0.001). A post-study analysis revealed abdominal
pain/discomfort score reduced significantly by 22% and 25% in the one-
and two-tablet group respectively, the difference tending toward
significance (p = 0.071). There were significant improvements in all bar
one of the IBSQOL scales of between 5% and 36% in both groups,
approximately two thirds of all subjects reported an improvement in
symptoms after treatment, and there was a favorable shift in
self-reported bowel pattern(14).<br />
<br />
15. <b><span class="st">Liver disease</span></b><br />
In the stdu8y to evaluate the protective role of <span class="highlight">soy</span> against CCl(4)-induced <span class="highlight">liver</span>
damage in rats as four experimental groups were treated for 8 weeks and
included the control group,showed that Supplementation with <span class="highlight">soy</span> succeeded to restore the elevation of <span class="highlight">liver</span> enzymes activities and improved serum biochemical parameters. Moreover, <span class="highlight">soy</span> supplementation improved the antioxidant enzymes, decreased lipid peroxidation, and improved the histological picture of the <span class="highlight">liver</span> tissue. It could be concluded that <span class="highlight">soy</span>-protein-enriched isoflavones may be a promising agent against <span class="highlight">liver diseases</span>(15).<br />
<br />
16. <b>Lupus Cerebritis </b><br />
<b>c. Anti inflammatory effects</b><br />
In a systematic review of
the literature was to summarize the literature on the safety and
anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin, found that curcumin has been
demonstrated to be safe in six human trials and has demonstrated
anti-inflammatory activity. It may exert its anti-inflammatory activity
by inhibition of a number of different molecules that play a role in
inflammation, according to "Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of
curcumin: a component of tumeric (Curcuma longa)" by Chainani-Wu N. <br />
<br />
<b>b. Antioxidants</b><br />
In
the research of a literature search (PubMed) of almost 1500 papers
dealing with curcumin, most from recent years, with ll available
abstracts were read and pproximately 300 full papers were reviewed,
found that curcumin, a component of turmeric, has been shown to be
non-toxic, to have antioxidant activity, and to inhibit such mediators
of inflammation as NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipooxygenase
(LOX), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Significant
preventive and/or curative effects have been observed in experimental
animal models of a number of diseases, including arteriosclerosis,
cancer, diabetes, respiratory, hepatic, pancreatic, intestinal and
gastric diseases, neurodegenerative and eye diseases, "<b>Curcumin,
an atoxic antioxidant and natural NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2,
lipooxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: a shield
against acute and chronic diseases</b>" by Bengmark S.<br />
<br />
<b>c. Neuroprotective effect</b><br />
In
the finding of the A Potential Neuroprotective Agent in treating
Parkinson's Disease, found that curcumin exhibits antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, crosses the blood-brain
barrier and is neuroprotective in neurological disorders. Several
studies in different experimental models of PD strongly support the
clinical application of curcumin in PD. The current review explores the
therapeutic potential of curcumin in PD, according to "<b>Curcumin: A Potential Neuroprotective Agent in Parkinson's Disease</b>" by Mythri RB, Bharath MS.<br />
<br />
17. <b>Multiple sclerosis</b><b> </b><br />
In the study of Curcuminoids in Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Dr. Kim
DS and research team at the Core LifeSource Inc., showed that
curcuminoids found in turmeric prevent β-synuclein aggregation in PD;
attenuate
ROS-induced COX-2 expression in ALS; ameliorate the symptoms of MS, DE
and traumatic brain injury, in addition to neurodamages caused by heavy
metal poisoning(4). Others suggested that Curcumin, a dietary spice from
<span class="highlight">turmeric</span>, has outstanding anti-inflammation and neuroprotective effects(17).<br />
<br />
<b>18. Obesity</b><br />
<span class="st">In the study to </span>investigate the effect of curcumin, the major polyphenol in turmeric
spice, on angiogenesis, adipogenesis, differentiation, apoptosis, and
gene expression involved in lipid and energy metabolism in 3T3-L1
adipocyte in cell culture systems and on body weight gain and adiposity
in mice, found that in vivo effect of curcumin on the expression of these enzymes was also
confirmed by real-time RT-PCR in subcutaneous adipose tissue. In
addition, curcumin significantly lowered serum cholesterol and
expression of PPARgamma and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, 2 key
transcription factors in adipogenesis and lipogenesis. The curcumin
suppression of angiogenesis in adipose tissue together with its effect
on lipid metabolism in adipocytes may contribute to lower body fat and
body weight gain(18).<br />
<br />
19. <b>Pelvic inflammatory disease</b><br />
According to the study of evaluation of anti-inflammatory property of
curcumin (diferuloyl methane) in patients with postoperative
inflammation by Satoskar RR, Shah SJ, Shenoy SG., poated in US National
Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers wrote
that In this model of postoperative inflammation, the anti-inflammatory
activity of curcumin (diferuloyl methane) was investigated in comparison
with phenylbutazone and placebo. Phenylbutazone and curcumin produced a
better anti-inflammatory response than placebo(19).<br />
<br />
20. Etc.<br />
<br />
<b>D. Quoted Foods to prevent and treat cancers</b><br />
<b>1. Bone cancer</b> <b>(Osteosarcoma(35%))</b><br />
Curcumin the main ingredient of turmeric has shown to induce cell apoptosis in human <b><span class="highlight">osteosarcoma</span></b>. Dr. Li Y, and scientists at the Qilu Hospital, Shandong University indicated that curcumin caused marked inhibition of <span class="highlight">osteosarcoma</span>
cell growth and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. This was associated with
concomitant attenuation of Notch-1 and downregulation of its downstream
genes, such as matrix metalloproteinases, resulting in the inhibition of
<span class="highlight">osteosarcoma</span>
cell invasion through Matrigel. We also found that specific
downregulation of Notch-1 via small-interfering RNA prior to curcumin
treatment resulted in enhanced inhibition of cell growth and invasion(1).<br />
<br />
<b>2. Bone cancer (Chondrosarcoma(25%)</b><b>)</b><br />
<b>Turmeric, </b>principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice, a <span class="mw-redirect">rhizomatous</span> <span class="mw-redirect">herbaceous</span> perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, native to <span class="mw-redirect">tropical</span>
South Asia, Curcumin the main ingredient of turmeric has shown to
induce cell apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma. Dr. Lee HP, and
scientists at the China Medical University Hospital, found that Curcumin
induced upregulation of Fas, FasL, and DR5 expression in <span class="highlight">chondrosarcoma</span>
cells. Transfection of cells with Fas, FasL, or DR5 siRNA reduced
curcumin-induced cell death. In addition, p53 involved in
curcumin-mediated Fas, FasL, and DR5 expression and cell apoptosis in <span class="highlight">chondrosarcoma</span> cells. Most importantly, animal studies revealed a dramatic 60% reduction in tumor volume after 21days of <span class="highlight">treatment(2).</span> <br />
<br />
<b>3. Bone cancer </b>(<b>Ewing's sarcoma(16%))</b><br />
Curcumin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in the <span class="highlight">turmeric. </span>Under
investigation as a chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agent in
adult cancer models at both pre-clinical and clinical levels. In this
preliminary study, showed that curcumin is effective in causing
cell cycle arrest, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing colony formation
in the <span class="highlight">Ewing sarcoma</span>
cell line SK-NEP-1. Curcumin causes upregulation of cleaved caspase 3
and downregulation of phospho-Akt, producing apoptosis in <span class="highlight">Ewing sarcoma</span> cells at an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of approximately 4 μM. (3)<br />
<br />
<b>4. Cervical cancer</b><br />
Epidemiological and preclinical evidence suggests that polyphenolic <span class="highlight">phytochemicals</span> exemplified by epigallocatechin gallate from tea, curcumin from curry and soya isoflavones possess <span class="highlight">cancer</span>
chemopreventive properties. Dr. Thomasset SC and scientists at the
University of Leicester, in the review of above showed that the
available evidence for tea polyphenols tentatively supports their
advancement into phase III clinical intervention trials aimed at the
prevention of progression of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia,
leukoplakia or premalignant <span class="highlight">cervical</span>
disease. In the case of curcumin and soya isoflavones more studies in
premalignacies seem appropriate to optimise the nature and design of
suitable phase III trials. The abundance of flavonoids and related
polyphenols in the plant kingdom makes it possible that several hitherto
uncharacterised agents with chemopreventive efficacy are still to be
identified, which may constitute attractive alternatives to currently
used chemopreventive drugs(4). <br />
<br />
5. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Hodgkin's lymphoma</span><br />
<b> </b><b>Turmeric, a </b>principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice, a <span class="mw-redirect">rhizomatous</span> <span class="mw-redirect">herbaceous</span> perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, native to <span class="mw-redirect">tropical</span>
South Asia, according to "Effects of different drying methods on the
antioxidant properties of leaves and tea of ginger species" by<b style="font-weight: normal;"> E.W.C. Chan, Y.Y. Lim<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2400990802071083639" name="bcor1"></a></b><b style="font-weight: normal;">,
S.K. Wong, K.K. Lim, S.P. Tan, F.S. Lianto and M.Y. Yong, posted in
Science Direct. It has been used in traditional herbal medicine</b>
as an anti-inflammatory agent and to treat gastrointestinal symptoms
associated with irritable bowel syndrome and other digestive disorders.
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Curcumin</span> is a phytochemical
found abundant in the plant. In acidic solutions (pH <7.4) it turns
yellow, whereas in basic (pH > 8.6) solutions it turns bright red.
In the study to to find new therapies that specifically target the
deregulated signaling cascades, such as NF-kappaB and STAT3, which cause
<span class="highlight">Hodgkin</span> and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cell proliferation and resistance of apoptosis, indicated that <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span> is
incorporated into H-RS cells and acts inhibiting both NF-kappaB and
STAT3 activation, leading to a decreased expression of proteins involved
in cell proliferation and apoptosis, e.g. Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cFLIP, XIAP,
c-IAP1, survivin, c-myc and cyclin D1. Interestingly, <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> caused cell cycle arrest in G2-M and a significant reduction (80-97%) in H-RS cell viability. Furthermore, <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>
triggered cell death by apoptosis, as evidenced by the activation of
caspase-3 and caspase-9, changes in nuclear morphology and
phosphatidylserine translocation. The above findings provide a
mechanistic rationale for the potential use of <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> as a therapeutic agent for patients with HL(5).<br />
<br />
6. <b>Renal cell carcinoma (<span class="mw-redirect">Kidney cancer/renal cells)</span></b><br />
<span class="highlight">Curcumin</span>
(1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1E,6E-heptadiene-3,5-dione or
diferuloyl methane) is a polyphenol derived from the Curcuma longa
plant, commonly known as turmeric.Dr. Kössler S and scientists at the Paracelsus Medical University, in the study of <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span> affects cell survival and cell volume regulation in human <span class="highlight">renal</span> and intestinal <span class="highlight">cells showed that </span><span class="highlight">Curcumin</span> exposure induces apoptosis in human <span class="highlight">kidney</span> <span class="highlight">cells</span>, and at a concentration of 5.0-10 μM induces the appearance of a sub-population of <span class="highlight">cells</span> with a dramatically increased volume. In these <span class="highlight">cells</span>
the regulation of the cell volume seems to be impaired, most likely as a
consequence of the ICl(swell) blockade. Similarly, 50 μM <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> induced apoptosis, caused cell cycle arrest in G1-phase and increased the volume of human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 <span class="highlight">cells</span>.
The cell cycle arrest in G1 phase may be the mechanism underlying the
volume increase observed in this cell line after exposure to <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>(6)<br />
<br />
7. <b>Ovarian cancer</b><br />
a. In the study to analyze the impact of sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK-1) inhibition on
ceramides production, and evaluated SphK1 inhibitor II (SKI-II) as a
potential <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> chemo-sensitizer in <span class="highlight">ovarian cancer</span> cells, found that inhibition of SphK1 by SKI-II or by RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown dramatically enhanced <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition in <span class="highlight">ovarian cancer</span> cells. SKI-II facilitated <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>-induced
ceramides production, p38 activation and Akt inhibition. Inhibition of
p38 by the pharmacological inhibitor (SB 203580), a dominant-negative
expression vector, or by RNAi diminished <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> and SKI-II co-administration-induced <span class="highlight">ovarian cancer</span>
cell apoptosis, and, to restore Akt activation by introducing a
constitutively active Akt (CA-Akt), or to inhibit ceramides production
by fumonisin B1 also inhibited <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> plus SKI-II co-administration-induced in vitro anti-<span class="highlight">ovarian cancer</span> effect(7).<br />
b. Others found that <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> exhibited time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity against monolayer cultures of <span class="highlight">ovarian</span>
carcinoma cell lines with differing p53 status (wild-type p53: HEY,
OVCA429; mutant p53: OCC1; null p53: SKOV3). In addition, p53 knockdown
or p53 inhibition did not diminish <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> killing of HEY cells, confirming p53-independent cytotoxicity. <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span> also killed OVCA429, and SKOV3 cells grown as multicellular spheroids(7a).<br />
<br />
8. <b>Stomach Cancer/Gastric Cancer</b><br />
Curcumin, a phytochemical compound found in Turmeric has exerted the
inhibitory effect against Gastric Cancer. Dr. Sintara K and scientist at
the Chulalongkorn University, indicated that curcumin treatments for 3
and 20 weeks reduced the <span class="highlight">cancer</span>
incidence resulting in a decrease of phospho-IκBα expression in benign
tumor-bearing rats compared with MNU + s-NaCl. Curcumin treatment for 20
weeks also decreased 8-OHdG expression in benign tumor-bearing rats
compared with MNU + s-NaCl. Curcumin can attenuate <span class="highlight">cancer</span> via a reduction of phospho-IκBα and 8-OHdG expressions, which may play a promising role in <span class="highlight">gastric</span> carcinogenesis(8). <br />
<br />
9. <b>Skin cancer</b><br />
In the study of <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> loaded chitin nanogels (CCNGs) were developed using biocompatible and biodegradable chitin with an anticancer <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> drug. Chitin, as well as <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>, is insoluble in water,<br />
indicated that The CCNGs showed a 4-fold increase in steady state transdermal flux of <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> as compared to that of control <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> solution. The histopathology studies of the porcine <span class="highlight">skin</span>
samples treated with the prepared materials showed loosening of the
horny layer of the epidermis, facilitating penetration with no observed
signs of inflammation. These results suggest that the formulated CCNGs
offer specific advantage for the treatment of melanoma, the most common
and serious type of <span class="highlight">skin cancer</span>, by effective transdermal penetration(9).<br />
<br />
<b>10. Prostate cancer</b><br />
In the study to examine of a prospective study with 225 incident cases of <span class="highlight">prostate cancer</span> in 12,395 California Seventh-Day Adventist men who in 1976 stated how often they drank <span class="highlight">soy</span> milk.<br />
suggests that men with high consumption of <span class="highlight">soy</span> milk are at reduced risk of <span class="highlight">prostate cancer</span>. Possible associations between <span class="highlight">soy</span> bean products, isoflavones and <span class="highlight">prostate cancer</span> risk should be further investigated(10). <br />
<br />
11. <b><span class="mw-redirect"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Pancreatic cancer </span></span></b><br />
the study of Impact of curcumin, raspberry extract, and neem leaf
extract on rel protein-regulated cell death/radiosensitization in <span class="highlight">pancreatic cancer</span>
cells showed that CUR, NLE, and RSE may serve as effective
"deliverables" to potentiate RT in PC cure and further throw light that
these <span class="highlight">phytochemicals</span>-induced cell killing may involve selective regulation of RT-induced NF-κB(11).<br />
<br />
12. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Pharynx Cancer</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> or pharyngeal cancer</span><br />
In the study to investigate the mechanism underlying the <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>-induced
apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line NCE cells,
indicated that Several evidences of apoptosis were obtained from <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>-treated
NCE cells by acridine orange and ethidium bromide stains,
ultrastructure identification, DNA fragmentation assay and TUNEL
staining. And the mean TUNEL-positive rates increased significantly at
the 3 different time points (12 h, 24 h and 48 h; 25.6%, 40.3% and
54.5%, respectively). In the <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>-treated-groups,
delta psi m altered significantly and the positive rates increased in a
time-dependent manner. At the 3 different time points, the mean
positive rates were 26.8%, 42.3% and 68.2%, respectively. When caspase-3
activity was detected, 80.5% cells presented proteases activities after
12 h incubation with <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>. Western Blot analysis showed that cytoplasmic cytochrome C increased significantly after incubation with <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>. Flow cytometry and RT-PCR analysis showed that <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>
could up-regulate the Fas expression in time-depended manner , the
positive rates of Fas protein increased from 33.6% to 89.9%(12). <br />
<br />
13. <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Multiple myeloma (Myeloma)</span></b><br />
In the study of <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span> (diferuloylmethane) down-regulates the constitutive activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and IkappaBalpha kinase in human <span class="highlight">multiple myeloma</span>
cells, leading to suppression of proliferation and induction of
apoptosis, scientists at the The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, showed that <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span> suppressed the constitutive IkappaBalpha phosphorylation through the inhibition of IKK activity. <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span>
also down-regulated the expression of NF-kappaB-regulated gene
products, including IkappaBalpha, Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), cyclin D1, and
interleukin-6. This led to the suppression of proliferation and arrest
of cells at the G(1)/S phase of the cell cycle. Suppression of NF-kappaB
complex by IKKgamma/NF-kappaB essential modulator-binding domain
peptide also suppressed the proliferation of MM cells. <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span> also activated caspase-7 and caspase-9 and induced polyadenosine-5'-diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span>-induced
down-regulation of NF-kappaB, a factor that has been implicated in
chemoresistance, also induced chemosensitivity to vincristine and
melphalan(13).<br />
<br />
14. <b>Oral cancer</b><br />
<span class="highlight">Curcumin</span>, a major active component and principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice<b> </b>of turmeric, ,has been shown to have inhibitory effects on cancers. Dr. Kim JY, and scientists in the study of <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span>-induced autophagy contributes to the decreased survival of <span class="highlight">oral cancer</span> cells. indicated that <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and autophagic vacuoles formation by <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>
was almost completely blocked in the presence of N-acetylcystein (NAC),
an antioxidant. Rescue experiments using an autophagy inhibitor
suppressed <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>-induced cell death in OSCC, confirming that autophagy acts as a pro-death signal. Furthermore, <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> shows anticancer activity against OSCC via both autophagy and apoptosis (14). <br />
<br />
15. <b>Melanoma skin cancer</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Curcumin</span> is a phytochemical
found abundant in the plant. In acidic solutions (pH <7.4) it turns
yellow, whereas in basic (pH > 8.6) solutions it turns bright red. In the successfully incorporated <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>
into a bilayer of dodecanoic acid attached to magnetite nanoparticles
in an effort to maximize solubility and delivery efficiency, found that fluorescent microscopy revealed that <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> associated magnetite nanoparticles were internalized by the <span class="highlight">melanoma</span> cells and remained in the cytoplasm. The <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>/magnetic nanoparticles synthesized in this study possess magnetic and water solubility properties making this a novel <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> formulation with therapeutic potential(15).<br />
<br />
16. <b>Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma</b><br />
In the study investigated a novel drug delivery nanovehicle enriched with the bioactive polyphenol, <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> (<span class="highlight">curcumin</span> nanodisks; <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>-ND), showed that cells treated with <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>-ND
showed a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis. This was accompanied by
enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant,
N-acetylcysteine, inhibited <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>-ND induced apoptosis, suggesting that ROS generation plays a role in <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> action on MCL cells. <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span>-ND
decreased cyclin D1, pAkt, pIκBα, and Bcl(2) protein. In addition,
enhanced FoxO3a and p27 expression as well as caspase-9, -3, and
poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage were observed. <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span>-ND treatment led to enhanced G(1) arrest in two cultured cell models of MCL(16). <br />
<br />
17. <b>Leukemia</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Curcumin</span> is a phytochemical
found abundant in <b>Turmeric</b>. In acidic solutions (pH <7.4) it turns
yellow, whereas in basic (pH > 8.6) solutions it turns bright red.<span class="highlight"> In the study to investigate the </span>anti-cancer effect and action of <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> on THP-1 cells, showed that <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span> induced cell apoptosis of THP-1 cells as shown by cell viability, cell cycle analysis and caspase activity. <span class="highlight">Curcumin</span>
significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and their
downstream molecules (c-Jun and Jun B). Inhibitor of JNK and ERK reduced
the pro-apoptotic effect of <span class="highlight">curcumin</span>
on THP-1 cells as evidenced by caspase activity and the activation of
ERK/JNK/Jun cascades. On the contrary, the pro-apoptotic effect of <span class="highlight">curcumin</span> was abolished in the differentiated THP-1 cells mediated by PMA(17).<br />
<br />
18. Etc.<br />
<br />
<b>Side effects</b><br />
1. Overdose may cause gastrointestinal discomfort such as nausea and diarrhea and liver damage.<br />
2. Topical use may be allergic to skin such irritation to certain peoples<br />
3.
Do not use the herb in new born, children or if you are pregnant and
breast feeding without approval from the related field specialist.<br />
4. Etc. <br />
<br />
<span class="contentTopic"><span class="contentTopic" id="ctl00_holderContent_MonoGraph"><span class="st"><b>Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes</b></span><br />
<span class="st"><b> </b><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/"><span style="color: #3d74a5;">Secret To A Vibrant And Healthy Lifestyle
</span></a><br /><a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/"><span style="color: #3d74a5;">That You Can Find Easily At The Comfort Of Your
Kitchen.</span></a></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span style="color: #3d74a5;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="st">For other parts of the 4 Foods for Longevity and Diseases Free visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.ca/2012/09/4-foods-for-longevity-and-diseases-free.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.ca/2012/09/4-foods-for-longevity-and-diseases-free.html</a></span><span class="st"><span style="color: #3d74a5;"></span><br /><br /><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">For
more health articles, please visit <a href="http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.ca/"><span style="color: #3d74a5;">http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.ca</span></a> </span></span></span></span></span>
</span></span><br />
<br />
<b>References </b><br />
<b>A. Quoted From Phytochemicals in Foods</b><br />
B. <b>Quoted From The World Most Popular Herbs</b><br />
<b><b>Sources</b></b>(1) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20428806">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20428806</a><br />
(2) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2435036">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2435036</a><br />
(3) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4075289">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4075289</a><br />
(4) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8824742">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8824742</a><br />
(5) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18297817">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18297817</a><br />
(6) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12676044">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12676044</a><br />
(7) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16387899">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16387899</a><br />
(8) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22211691">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22211691</a><br />
(9) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17075840">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17075840</a><br />
(10) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21607160">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21607160</a><br />
(11) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21972920">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21972920</a><br />
(12) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16286372">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16286372</a><b> </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>C. Quoted Foods to prevent and treat diseases</b><br />
<b>Sources </b> <br />
(1) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20633542">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20633542</a><br />
(2) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22300765">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22300765</a><br />
(3) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1771399">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1771399</a><br />
(4) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12676044">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12676044</a><br />
(4a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16387899">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16387899</a><br />
(5)<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=turmeric%20and%20Chlamydia%20infection"> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=turmeric%20and%20Chlamydia%20infection </a><br />
(6) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22142850">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22142850</a><br />
(7) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/860990">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/860990</a>7<br />
(8) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21741425">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21741425</a> <br />
(9) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22036766">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22036766</a><br />
(10) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20672906">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20672906</a> <br />
(11) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20826184">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20826184</a><br />
(12) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19811613">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19811613</a> <br />
(13) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16876885">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16876885</a><br />
<span class="st">(14) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15673996">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15673996</a></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st">(15) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22105803">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22105803</a></span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st">(17) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20828641">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20828641</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st">(18) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19297423">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19297423</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st">(19) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3546166">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3546166</a> </span></span><br />
<br />
<b><span class="st"><span class="st"><span class="st">D. Quoted Frpm Foods to prevent and treat cancers </span> </span></span></b><br />
<b><span class="st"><span class="st">Sources </span></span></b><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st">(1) </span></span><span class="st"><span class="st"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22521131">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22521131</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st">(2) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22522053">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22522053</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st">(3) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19859844">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19859844</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(4) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17131309">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17131309</a> </span></span></span></span> </span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(5) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18386790">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18386790</a></span></span></span></span> </span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st">(6) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22178266">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22178266</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(7) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22594559">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22594559</a> </span></span></span></span> </span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st">(7a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Curcumin%20also%20killed%20OVCA429%2C%20and%20SKOV3%20cells%20grown%20as%20multicellular%20spheroids">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Curcumin%20also%20killed%20OVCA429%2C%20and%20SKOV3%20cells%20grown%20as%20multicellular%20spheroids</a></span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st">(8) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22690125">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22690125</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(9) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22080352">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22080352</a> </span></span></span></span> </span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(10) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10189040">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10189040</a> </span></span></span></span> </span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(11) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21697760">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21697760</a> </span></span></span></span> </span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st">(12) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17039805">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17039805</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(13) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12393461">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12393461 </a></span></span></span></span> </span></span><br />
<span class="st"><span class="st">(14) </span></span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22554995">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22554995</a><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(15) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20974686">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20974686</a></span></span></span></span> <br />
(16) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21699455">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21699455</a><br />
(17<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443687">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443687</a> </span></span></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-75093801923382308572012-09-24T16:21:00.003-07:002014-04-18T05:45:24.972-07:004 Foods for Longevity and Diseases Free Part I - Green TeaOver the years of research, 4 foods appeared mostly in medical studies in preventing and treating diseases, are Green Tea, Grape seed and skin, Turmeric and Soy.<br />
<b>I. Green Tea </b><br />
<b>Green tea </b>contains more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food
with the same volume, and is the leaves of Camellia sinensis,
undergone minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China.
Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and
used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years.
Because of their health benefits, they have been cultivated for
commercial purposes all over the world.<br />
<b>A. Quoted from the world most healthy foods</b><br />
1. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Antidepressant Properties</span><br />
In the observation of the effects of Green tea consumption and
psychological distress of the study of "<b>Green tea consumption is
associated with lower psychological distress in a general population:
the Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study</b>" by<span class="xref-sep"></span><span class="xref-sep"></span><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.ajcn.org/search?author1=Atsushi+Hozawa&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"> </a><span class="name-search">Atsushi Hozawa</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Shinichi Kuriyama</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Naoki Nakaya</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Kaori Ohmori-Matsuda</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Masako Kakizaki</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Toshimasa Sone</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Masato Nagai</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Yumi Sugawara</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Akemi Nitta</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Yasutake Tomata</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Kaijun Niu</span></span>, and<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Ichiro Tsuji, researchers found that </span></span>The
odds ratio (with 95% CI) of developing psychological distress among
respondents who consumed ≥5 cups of green tea/d was
0.80 (0.70, 0.91) compared with those who consumed <1 cup/d and
concluded that Green tea consumption was inversely associated with
psychological distress even after adjustment for possible confounding
factors(1). Others in the investigation of <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption and the risk of depressive symptoms of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> consumption is associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly</span>"
by Niu K, Hozawa A, Kuriyama S, Ebihara S, Guo H, Nakaya N,
Ohmori-Matsuda K, Takahashi H, Masamune Y, Asada M, Sasaki S, Arai H,
Awata S, Nagatomi R, Tsuji I., researchers found that the
prevalence of mild and severe and severe depressive symptoms was 34.1%
and 20.2%, respectively and concluded that a more frequent consumption
of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> was associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in the community-dwelling older population(1a).<br />
<br />
2. <span style="font-weight: bold;">External Anogenital Warts</span><br />
In the investigation of green tea catechins and external <span class="highlight">anogenital warts of the study of "</span><b>Efficacy, safety and tolerability of green tea catechins in the treatment of external <span class="highlight">anogenital warts</span>: a systematic review and meta-analysis</b>"
by Tzellos TG, Sardeli C, Lallas A, Papazisis G, Chourdakis M, Kouvelas
D., researchers found that the efficacy of Polyphenon 15% and 10%,
at least for the primary endpoint, is clearly indicated. Polyphenon E
treatment exhibits very low recurrence rates and appears to have a
rather favourable safety and tolerability profile(2).<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>Others in the evaluation of Polyphenon E and external <span class="highlight">anogenital warts</span> of the study of "<b>Polyphenon E ( amixture of green tea catechins) a new treatment for external <span class="highlight">anogenital warts</span></b>' by Tatti S, Stockfleth E, Beutner KR, Tawfik H, Elsasser U, Weyrauch P, Mescheder A.<span style="text-decoration: underline;">(2a), researchers found that </span>severe
local signs were more frequent but moderate in the active treatment
groups (1.5%, 9.2% and 13.5% for G(Veh), G(10%) and G(15%) groups,
respectively) and concluded that polyphenon E ointment is effective and
well tolerated in the treatment of External genital <span class="highlight">warts(</span>EGWs)(2a).<br />
<br />
<b>3. Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Related Brain Deficits</b><br />
In the investigation of "Green Tea Compounds Beat OSA-Related Brain
Deficits" by American Thoracic Society (ATS), researchers indicated
that GTP-treated rats exposed to IH displayed significantly greater
spatial bias for the previous hidden platform position, indicating that
GTPs are capable of attenuating IH-induced spatial learning deficits,"
wrote Dr. Gozal, adding that GTPs "may represent a potential
interventional strategy for patients" with sleep-disordered breathing(3). <br />
<br />
4. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Bad Breath</span>In the investigation of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract on bad breath of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The effect of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extract on the removal of sulfur-containing oral malodor volatiles in vitro and its potential application in chewing gum</span>" by Zeng QC, Wu AZ, Pika J., researchers found that Adding 5% baking soda to <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract-containing chewing gum was found to buffer saliva pHs to 8.0
during 10 min of chewing. However, severe discoloration was observed and
undesirable bitterness was perceived, most likely due to the
polymerization of unencapsulated <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols. Therefore, encapsulation of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract is recommended for applications at elevated pHs(4). Others In the evaluation of the effect of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> and mouth air of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effect of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> on volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air</span>" by Lodhia P, Yaegaki K, Khakbaznejad A, Imai T, Sato T, Tanaka T, Murata T, Kamoda T.[19b], researchers wrote that <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
was very effective in reducing oral malodor temporarily because of its
disinfectant and deodorant activities, whereas other foods were not
effective(4a).<br />
<br />
<b>5. Human immunodeficiency virus (</b><span class="highlight"><b>HIV)</b></span>a. In the determination of <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">Tea</span>-EGCG effects in <span class="highlight">HIV</span>-1of the study of '<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">-EGCG reduces GFAP associated neuronal loss in </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">HIV</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">-1 Tat transgenic mice"</span>
by Rrapo E, Zhu Y, Tian J, Hou H, Smith A, Fernandez F, Tan J, Giunta
B., researchers found that that EGCG (300mg/kg/day) dramatically
reduced astrogliosis as demonstrated by GFAP expression. This was
accompanied by a mild reduction in activated microglia by Iba-1
staining and significant reduction in neuronal loss through apoptosis
as demonstrated by MAP2 staining and Western blot analysis
respectively(5). Others in examination of the effects of <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>EGCG and <span class="highlight">HIV</span>-1 proteins gp120 of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">EGCG mitigates neurotoxicity mediated by </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">HIV</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">-1 proteins gp120 and Tat in the presence of IFN-gamma: role of JAK/STAT1 signaling and implications for </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">HIV</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">-associated dementia</span>"
by Giunta B, Obregon D, Hou H, Zeng J, Sun N, Nikolic V, Ehrhart J,
Shytle D, Fernandez F, Tan J. researchers found that EGCG
treatment of primary neurons from normal mice reduced
IFN-gamma-enhanced neurotoxicity of gp120 and Tat by inhibiting
JAK/STAT1 pathway activation and found to mitigate the neurotoxic
properties of <span class="highlight">HIV</span>-1 proteins in the presence of IFN-gamma in vivo(5a).<br />
<br />
<b>6. Mental Alertness</b><br />
In the evaluation of drinking green tea brings relaxation of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">L-theanine—a unique amino acid of green tea and its relaxation effect in humans</span>"
by Lekh Raj Juneja, Djong-Chi Chu, Tsutomu Okubo, Yukiko Nagato,
Hidehiko Yokogoshi, researchers found that L-theanine administered
intraperitoneally to rats reached the brain within 30 min without any
metabolic change. Theanine also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain
and decreased blood pressure significantly in hypertensive rats. In
general, animals always generate very weak electric pulses on the
surface of the brain, called brain waves(6). Others In the investigation of L-Theanine found abundantly in green tea as anxiety Reducer of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The acute effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">L-theanine</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in comparison with alprazolam on anticipatory </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">anxiety</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in humans</span>"<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Lu%20K%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>by Lu K, Gray MA, Oliver C, Liley DT, Harrison BJ, Bartholomeusz CF, Phan KL, Nathan PJ., the write wrote that while <span class="highlight">L-theanine</span> may have some relaxing effects under resting conditions, neither <span class="highlight">L-theanine</span> not alprazolam demonstrate any acute anxiolytic effects under conditions of increased <span class="highlight">anxiety</span> in the AA model(6a).<br />
<br />
7. <span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Gastrointestinal diseases</span><br />
In the evaluation of different doses of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract and <span class="highlight">inflammatory bowel disease of the study of "</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Comparative evaluation of different doses of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extract alone and in combination with sulfasalazine in experimentally induced </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">inflammatory bowel disease</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in rats</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Byrav%20DS%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Byrav DS, Medhi B, Vaiphei K, Chakrabarti A, Khanduja KL.(7), researchers showed that <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> alone and in combination with sulfasalazine reduced <span class="highlight">inflammatory</span> changes induced by tri nitro benzene sulfonic acid in rats(7). Others In the examination of the role of polyphenols in gastrointestinal <span class="highlight">diseases of the study of "</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Polyphenols and gastrointestinal </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">diseases</span>"
by Dryden GW, Song M, McClain C., researchers erote that
Substantial in-vitro and animal studies support the beneficial effects
of polyphenols in many gastrointestinal <span class="highlight">diseases</span>.
Well designed multicenter trials in humans, such as those called for
in the 2005 National Institutes of Health Requests for Applications for
Silymarin Centers, will be critical for defining the safety,
appropriate dosing and therapeutic efficacy of such agents(7a).<br />
<br />
8.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Immune system</span><br />
In the investigation of the immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract in rain bow of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (Camellia sinensis) on the </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">immune system</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Sheikhzadeh%20N%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Sheikhzadeh N, Nofouzi K, Delazar A, Oushani AK., researchers found that showed that decaffeinated <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> in lower doses of administration could be optimum to enhance the immunity of rainbow trout(8). Others in the assessment of unregulated activity of these receptors could lead
to autoimmune diseases and the effects of green tea catechin,
epigallocatechin gallate of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, suppresses signaling by the dsRNA innate </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">immune</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> receptor RIG-</span>I."
by Ranjith-Kumar CT, Lai Y, Sarisky RT, Cheng Kao C., researchers
found that EGCG and its derivatives could have potential therapeutic use
as a modulator of RIG-I mediated <span class="highlight">immune</span> responses by binding RIG-I and inhibits its signaling at low micromolar concentrations in HEK293T cells(8a).<br />
<br />
9. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial activities</span><br />
In the investigation of Antimicrobial <span class="highlight">activities</span> of green of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">activities</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> catechins and theaflavins and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extracts against Bacillus cereus"</span>
by Friedman M, Henika PR, Levin CE, Mandrell RE, Kozukue N.,
researchers found that flavonoids in green tea has exerted its ability
in protective effects against Bacillus cereus(9). Others in the evaluation of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extracts (GTEs) and their effects in <span class="highlight">Antimicrobial</span> <span class="highlight">activities</span> of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">activities</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of tapioca starch/decolorized hsian-tsao leaf gum coatings containing </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extracts in fruit-based salads, romaine hearts and pork slice</span>s"
by Chiu PE, Lai LS., reserachers found that coatings containing GTEs
could successfully reduce the aerobic counting and growth of
yeasts/molds by 1 to 2 log cycles in fruit-based salads(9a).<br />
<br />
10. <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Periodontal health</span></b>In the evaluation of Streptococcus mutans count in saliva and plaque, Salivary and plaque pH values, etc. and rinsing with <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">te of the study of "</span>A pilot study of the role of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> use on oral <span class="highlight">health</span>"
by Awadalla HI, Ragab MH, Bassuoni MW, Fayed MT, Abbas MO,,
researchers found that the effectiveness of local application of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
as antibacterial and anticariogenic material as it decreases the
acidity of the saliva and plaque, so it is a cost-effective caries
prevention measures especially in developing countries(10). Others in the observation of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols and its inhibition of the growth and cellular adherence of <span class="highlight">periodontal</span> pathogens of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Relationship between intake of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">periodontal</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> diseas</span>e" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Kushiyama%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Kushiyama
M, Shimazaki Y, Murakami M, Yamashita Y.. researchers found that
there is a modest inverse association between the intake of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> and <span class="highlight">periodontal</span> disease(10a).<br />
<br />
11. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Congitive Activities</span><br />
In the evaluation of the effect of <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenol (TP) on <span class="highlight">cognitive</span> and anti-cholinesterase activity of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Effects</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> polyphenol on </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">cognitive</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and acetylcholinesterase activities</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Kim%20HK%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Kim
HK, Kim M, Kim S, Kim M, Chung JH. researchers found that TP
exhibited a dramatic inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase
activity. This finding suggests that TP might be useful in the treatment
of Alzheimer's disease(11). Others in rhe investigation of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
catechin, induces HO-1 by ARE/Nrf2 pathway in hippocampal neurons in
protection of neurons against different models of oxidative damages of
the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Modulation of Nrf2/ARE pathway by food polyphenols: a nutritional neuroprotective strategy for </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">cognitive</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and neurodegenerative disorders</span>"
by Scapagnini G, Vasto S, Abraham NG, Caruso C, Zella D, Fabio G.,
researchers found that caffeic acid phenethyl ester and ethyl ferulate,
are also able to protect neurons via HO-1 induction. These studies
identify a novel class of compounds that could be used for therapeutic
purposes as preventive agents against <span class="highlight">cognitive</span> decline(11a).<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">12. Neurodegernative diseases</span> In the investigation of<span class="highlight"> green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> catechins and <span class="highlight">neurodegenerative diseases of the study of "</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Targeting multiple </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">neurodegenerative diseases</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> etiologies with multimodal-acting </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> catechins</span>"
by Mandel SA, Amit T, Kalfon L, Reznichenko L, Youdim MB.,
researchers wrote that elaborates on the multimodal activities of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols with emphasis on their recently described neurorescue/neuroregenerative and mitochondrial stabilization actions(12). Others in the assessment of the efficacy of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols in<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>neuroprotective actions of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Cell signaling pathways in the neuroprotective actions of the </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate: implications for </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">neurodegenerative diseases</span>"
by Mandel S, Weinreb O, Amit T, Youdim MB., researchers wrote that the
currently established mechanisms involved in the beneficial health
action and emerging studies concerning the putative novel molecular
neuroprotective activity of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> and its major polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)(12a).<br />
<br />
13. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol<br />In the investigation of </span>theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract in association with cholesterol levels of the study of "<span class="highlight">Cholesterol</span>-lowering effect of a theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract: a randomized controlled trial" by Maron DJ, Lu GP, Cai NS, Wu
ZG, Li YH, Chen H, Zhu JQ, Jin XJ, Wouters BC, Zhao J., researchers
found that The theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract is an effective adjunct to a low-saturated-fat diet to
reduce LDL-C in hypercholesterolemic adults and is well tolerated(13). Others in the observation of the effect of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> beverage and <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract on lipid changes of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> intake lowers fasting serum total and LDL </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">cholesterol</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in adults: a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials</span>" by Zheng XX, Xu YL, Li SH, Liu XX, Hui R, Huang XH., researchers found that the administration of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> beverages or extracts resulted in significant reductions in serum TC and LDL-<span class="highlight">cholesterol</span> concentrations, but no effect on HDL <span class="highlight">cholesterol</span> was observed(13a).<br />
<br />
14. <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Osteoporosis</span><br />
In the examination of Osteoporosis and the effects of green tea of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and bone </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">metabolism</span>' by Shen CL, Yeh JK, Cao JJ, Wang JS., researchers found that , <span class="highlight">tea</span>
and its bioactive components might decrease the risk of fracture by
improving bone mineral density and supporting osteoblastic activities
while suppressing osteoclastic activities(14). Others in investigation of Epidemiological evidence that has shown an association between <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption and the prevention of bone loss of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and bone health: Evidence from laboratory studies</span>"
by Shen CL, Yeh JK, Cao JJ, Chyu MC, Wang JS., researchers found
that there is a possible mechanisms for the osteo-protective effects of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> bioactive compounds(14a)<br />
<br />
15. <span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Arthritis </span><br />
In the investigation of <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea and Arthritis </span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate in </span><span class="highlight"><span style="font-weight: bold;">arthritis</span>" by </span>Ahmed
S., researcher indicated that although these findings provide
scientific evidence of the anti-rheumatic activity of EGCG, further
preclinical studies are warranted before phase clinical trials could be
initiated with confidence for patients with joint diseases(15). Others in the investigation of the efficacy of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract (GTE) in rat adjuvant-induced <span class="highlight">arthritis</span> (AIA) of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extract inhibits chemokine production, but up-regulates chemokine receptor expression, in </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">rheumatoid arthritis</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> synovial fibroblasts and rat adjuvant-induced </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">arthritis</span>"
by Marotte H, Ruth JH, Campbell PL, Koch AE, Ahmed S., researchers
found that chemokine receptor overexpression with reduced chemokine
production by GTE may be one potential mechanism to limit the overall
inflammation and joint destruction in RA(15a).<br />
<br />
16. <span style="font-weight: bold;"> Stroke</span> In the investigation of investigate the effects of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols (GTPs) on the permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> polyphenols on caveolin-1 of microvessel fragments in rats with cerebral ischemia</span>"
by Zhang S, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Xue Y., researchers found that that GTPs
can decrease the elevated BBB permeability in the ischemic region, and
the protective effects for cerebral injury may be related to the
reduced expression of caveolin-1 and phosphorylated ERK1/2(16). Others in the examination of <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate effects in neurological disorders including cerebral ischemia of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">
polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate reduces matrix
metalloproteinase-9 activity following transient focal cerebral
ischemia</span>" by Park JW, Hong JS, Lee KS, Kim HY, Lee JJ, Lee SR.[6b], researchers found that EGCG, a <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
polyphenol, may reduce up-regulation of MMP-9 activity and neuronal
damage following transient focal cerebral ischemia. In addition to its
antioxidant effect, MMP-9 inhibition might be a possible mechanism
potentially involved in the neuroprotective effect of a <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenol, EGCG(16a).<br />
<br />
17. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Antioxidant Activity</span><br />
In the investigation of l-Theanine is a unique amino acid in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea effects </span>on ethanol-induced liver injury of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">l-Theanine prevents alcoholic liver injury through enhancing the </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">antioxidant</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> capability of hepatocytes"</span>
by Li G, Ye Y, Kang J, Yao X, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Gao M, Dai Y, Xin Y,
Wang Q, Yin Z, Luo L. researchers found that l-theanine
significantly inhibited ethanol-induced reduction of mouse <span class="highlight">antioxidant</span>
capability which included the activities of SOD, CAT and GR, and level
of GSH. These results indicated that l-theanine prevented
ethanol-induced liver injury through enhancing hepatocyte <span class="highlight">antioxidant</span> abilities(17). Others in the determination of <span class="highlight">Green</span> and black <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols and their strong <span class="highlight">antioxidant</span> <span class="highlight">activity</span> of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Bioavailability and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">antioxidant</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">activity</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> flavanols after consumption of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, black </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, or a </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extract supplement</span>" by Henning SM, Niu Y, Lee NH, Thames GD, Minutti RR, Wang H, Go VL, Heber D.[5b], researchers concluded that <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract supplements retain the beneficial effects of <span class="highlight">green</span> and black <span class="highlight">tea</span> and may be used in future chemoprevention studies to provide a large dose of <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols without the side effects of caffeine associated with <span class="highlight">green</span> and black <span class="highlight">tea</span> beverages(17a).<br />
<br />
18. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Diabetes</span> In the assesesment of the effect of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> (GT) on <span class="highlight">diabetes</span>-induced retinal oxidative stress and proinflammatory parameters in rats of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Prevents Hyperglycemia-Induced Retinal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats</span>"
by Kumar B, Gupta SK, Nag TC, Srivastava S, Saxena R., researchers
found that the beneficial effects of (GT) green tea suggest its
potential role in the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy
in human subjects(18). Others in the evaluation of Abstract <span class="highlight">Tea</span> (Camellia sinensis) effects in type II diabetes management of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti-Hyperglycemia Properties of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (Camellia sinensis) Bioactives Using In Vitro Assay Models and Influence of Extraction Time</span>" by.Ankolekar C, Terry T, Johnson K, Johnson D, Barbosa AC, Shetty K, researchers wrote that <span class="highlight">tea</span> offers an attractive potential strategy to regulate postprandial hyperglycemia toward an overall dietary support for type 2 <span class="highlight">diabetes</span> management(18a).<br />
<br />
19. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Weight Loss</span><br />
In the meta-analysis whether <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> indeed has a function in body <span class="highlight">weight</span> regulation of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> on </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">weight loss</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">weight</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> maintenance: a meta-analysis</span>"
by Hursel R, Viechtbauer W, Westerterp-Plantenga MS., researchers
found that Catechins or an epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-caffeine
mixture have a small positive effect on WL(weight loss) and WM(weight
management) and suggested that habitual caffeine intake and ethnicity
may be moderators, as they may influence the effect of catechins(19). Others in the investigation of the effect of a <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>-caffeine mixture on <span class="highlight">weight</span> maintenance(VM) after body <span class="highlight">weight loss</span> in moderately obese subjects in relation to habitual caffeine intake of the study of " <span style="font-weight: bold;">Body </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">weight loss</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">weight</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> maintenance in relation to habitual caffeine intake and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> supplementation"</span>
by Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Lejeune MP, Kovacs EM., researchers
filed the conclusion that high caffeine intake was associated with <span class="highlight">weight loss</span> through thermogenesis and fat oxidation and with suppressed leptin in women. In habitual low caffeine consumers, the <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>-caffeine mixture improved WM, partly through thermogenesis and fat oxidation(19a).<br />
<br />
<b>B. Quoted from Phytochemicals in Foods</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B.1. Catechin</span> is phytochemical of
Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly
in white tea, green tea, black tea, grapes, wine, apple juice, cocoa,
lentils, etc.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Body-weight regulation</span><br />
Green
tea has been proposed as a tool for obesity management as strategies
for weight loss and weight maintenance, as researchers found that a
green tea-caffeine mixture improves weight maintenance, through
thermogenesis, fat oxidation, and sparing fat free mass. The sympathetic
nervous system is involved in the regulation of lipolysis, and the
sympathetic innervation of white adipose tissue may play an important
role in the regulation of total body fat in general, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green tea </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">catechins</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, caffeine and body-weight regulation</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Westerterp-Plantenga%20MS%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Westerterp-Plantenga MS.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Cholesterol</span><br />
In
a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
evaluating the relationship between GTCs and serum lipid levels,
including total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein
(HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides, found that the consumption of
GTCs is associated with a statistically significant reduction in total
and LDL cholesterol levels; however, there was no significant effect
on HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels, according to " <span style="font-weight: bold;">Green tea </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">catechins</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> decrease total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a systematic review and meta-analysis</span>" by Kim A, Chiu A, Barone MK, Avino D, Wang F, Coleman CI, Phung OJ.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Anti liver cancer</span><br />
In the examination ofthe effect of <span class="highlight">catechins</span> on the antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX) in a murine model, found that tea <span class="highlight">catechins</span>
at non-toxic doses can augment DOX-induced cell killing and sensitize
chemoresistant HCC cells to DOX. The chemosensitizing effect of <span class="highlight">catechins</span>
may occur directly or indirectly by reversal of multidrug resistance,
involving the suppression of MDR1 expression, or by enhancement of
intracellular DOX accumulation, involving inhibition of P-gp function,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green tea </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">catechins</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> augment the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in an in vivo mouse model for chemoresistant liver cance</span>r" by<br />
<div class="auths">
Liang G, Tang A, Lin X, Li L, Zhang S, Huang Z, Tang H, Li QQ.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Antioxidant activity</span><br />
In
the research on polyphenolic compounds (included catechins) in the
berries of edible honeysuckle and their biological effects, including
recommended utilization, are reviewed found that These berries seem to
be prospective sources of health-supporting phytochemicals that
exhibit beneficial anti-adherence and chemo-protective activities,
thus they may provide protection against a number of <span style="font-weight: bold;">chronic conditions, e.g., cancer, diabetes mellitus, tumour growth or cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases</span>, according to <span style="font-weight: bold;">"Phenolic profile of edible honeysuckle berries (genus lonicera) and their biological effects</span>" by Jurikova T, Rop O, Mlcek J, Sochor J, Balla S, Szekeres L, Hegedusova A, Hubalek J, Adam V, Kizek R.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Severe dyslipidemia</span><br />
In the observation of three-month old ATX mice were treated, or not, for 3 months with the polyphenol (+)-<span class="highlight">catechin</span> (CAT, 30 mg/kg/day) and compared to wild-type (WT) controls,<br />
found
that cctive remodeling of the cerebrovascular wall in ATX mice was
further suggested by the increase (P<0.05) in
pro-metalloproteinase-9 activity, which was normalized by CAT. We
conclude that by preserving the endothelial function, a chronic
treatment with CAT prevents the deleterious effect of severe
dyslipidemia on cerebral artery wall structure and biomechanical
properties, contributing to preserving resting cerebral blood flow,
according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Catechin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">
prevents severe dyslipidemia-associated changes in wall biomechanics
of cerebral arteries in LDLr-/-:hApoB+/+ mice and improves cerebral
blood flow</span>" by Bolduc V, Baraghis E, Duquette N, Thorin-Trescases N, Lambert J, Lesage F, Thorin E.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Anti-inflammatory effect</span><br />
In
the preparation of the gel of Chinese medicine catechu, and to
observe the release mechanism in vitro and anti-inflammatory activity
in rats, found that the optimum condition of extraction from catechu
was as follows, the concentration of ethanol, ratio of raw material to
solvent, ultrasonic time, and extraction temperature were 50% , 1:
12, 35 min and 60 degrees C, respectively. The formulation of catechu
gel was carbomer-9 400.5 g, glycerol 5.0 g, the extracts of catechu
50.0 mL, and triethanomine 0.5 mL The gel was semitransparent and
stable. The drugs released quickly. The catechu gel reduced the paw
edema considerably in dose-dependent manner compared to
carrageenan-induced rat, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">[Preparation and pharmacodynamics studies on anti-inflammatory effect of catechu gel].[Article in Chinese]</span>" by Zheng X, Zheng C.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Neuropathic pain</span><br />
In the investigation of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major <span class="highlight">catechin</span>
in green tea and its effect on intrathecal EGCG in neuropathic pain
induced by spinal nerve ligation, found that This antinociceptive effect
was reversed by intrathecal pretreatment with l-arginine, a precursor
of NO. Intrathecal EGCG also blocked the increase in nNOS expression
in the spinal cord of spinal nerve-ligated rats, but iNOS expression
was not significantly suppressed. These findings suggest that
intrathecal EGCG could produce an antiallodynic effect against spinal
nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain, mediated by blockade of nNOS
protein expression and inhibition of the pronociceptive effects of NO,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the antiallodynic effects of intrathecal EGCG in a neuropathic pain rat model</span>" by Choi JI, Kim WM, Lee HG, Kim YO, Yoon MH.(7)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. Cholesterol and glucose levels</span><br />
In the examination of the effect of the main green tea <span class="highlight">catechin</span>,
epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), taken in a green tea extract,
Polyphenon E (PPE) and their effect on circulating hormone levels, an
established breast cancer risk factor, found that Glucose and insulin
levels decreased nonsignificantly in the PPE groups but increased in
the placebo group; statistically significant differences in changes in
glucose (P=0.008) and insulin (P=0.01) were found. In summary, green
tea (400 and 800 mg EGCG as PPE; ~5-10 cups) supplementation for 2
months had suggestive beneficial effects on LDL cholesterol
concentrations and glucose-related markers, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effect
of 2-month controlled green tea intervention on lipoprotein
cholesterol, glucose, and hormonal levels in healthy postmenopausal
women</span>" by<br />
Wu AH, Spicer D, Stanczyk FZ, Tseng C, Yang CS, Pike MC.(8)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Neuroprotective effects</span><br />
In the evaluation the neuroprotective effects of theanine and <span class="highlight">catechins</span>
contained in green tea , found that the mechanism of the
neuroprotective effect of theanine is related not only to the glutamate
receptor but also to other mechanisms such as the glutamate
transporter, although further studies are needed. One of the onset
mechanisms for arteriosclerosis, a major factor in ischemic
cerebrovascular disease, is probably the oxidative alteration of
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by active oxygen species. The oxidative
alterations of LDL were shown to be prevented by tea <span class="highlight">catechins</span>. Scavenging of *O(2)(-) was also exhibited by tea <span class="highlight">catechins</span>. The neuroprotective effects of theanine and <span class="highlight">catechins</span> contained in green tea are a focus of considerable attention, and further studies are warranted, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Neuroprotective effects of the green tea components theanine and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">catechins</span>" by Kakuda T.(9)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Anti-obesity effects</span><br />
In the elucidation of the anti-obesity effects of three major components of green tea, <span class="highlight">catechins</span>,
caffeine and theanine, female ICR mice, found that The body weight
increase and weight of IPAT were significantly reduced by the diets
containing green tea, caffeine, theanine, caffeine + <span class="highlight">catechins</span>, caffeine + theanine and caffeine + <span class="highlight">catechins</span> + theanine. Noticeably, the IPAT weight decreased by 76.8% in the caffeine + <span class="highlight">catechins</span>
compared to the control group. Serum concentrations of triglycerides
(TG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by green
tea, <span class="highlight">catechins</span> and theanine. Moreover, caffeine + <span class="highlight">catechins</span>, caffeine + theanine and caffeine + <span class="highlight">catechins</span> + theanine also decreased NEFA in the serum. The TG level in the liver was significantly reduced by <span class="highlight">catechins</span> and <span class="highlight">catechins</span> + theanine in comparison with the control, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti-obesity effects of three major components of green tea, </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">catechins</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, caffeine and theanine, in mice</span>" by Zheng G, Sayama K, Okubo T, Juneja LR, Oguni I.(10)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">11. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease</span><br />
In
the investigation of green tea's effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease (NAFLD), a constellation of progressive liver disorders, found
that green tea is rich in polyphenolic <span class="highlight">catechins</span>
that have hypolipidemic, thermogenic, antioxidant, and
anti-inflammatory activities that may mitigate the occurrence and
progression of NAFLD. This review presents the experimental evidence
demonstrating the hepatoprotective properties of green tea and its <span class="highlight">catechins</span> and the proposed mechanisms by which these targeted dietary agents protect against NAFLD, according to"<span style="font-weight: bold;">Therapeutic potential of green tea in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Masterjohn%20C%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Masterjohn C, Bruno RS.(11)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">12. Age-related Neurodegeneration</span><br />
In
the identification of green tea (GT) and the effect of large amounts
of brain-accessible polyphenols, found that the beneficial action of <span class="highlight">catechins</span>
in learning and memory with a particular focus on the hippocampal
formation. We conclude that GT polyphenols can have a promising role in
the reversal of age-related loss of neuronal plasticity and recovery
after neuronal lesions associated with aging, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Protective Effects of Chronic Green Tea Consumption on Age-related Neurodegeneration</span>" by Andrade JP, Assunção M.(12)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">13. Anti-influenza virus activity</span><br />
In the study of Polyphenolic compounds present in green tea, particularly <span class="highlight">catechins</span>,
and its effect on strong anti-influenza activity, found that
therapeutic administration of green tea by-products via feed or water
supplement resulted in a dose-dependent significant antiviral effect in
chickens, with a dose of 10 g/kg of feed being the most effective (P
< 0.001), according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti-influenza virus activity of green tea by-products in vitro and efficacy against influenza virus infection in chickens</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Lee%20HJ%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Lee HJ, Lee YN, Youn HN, Lee DH, Kwak JH, Seong BL, Lee JB, Park SY, Choi IS, Song CS.(13)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">14. Prostate Cancer</span><br />
In
the review of Prostate cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer and
second most common cause of cancer deaths in American men indicated
that epidemiological studies suggest that tea consumption has
protective effects against a variety of human cancers, including that
of the prostate. Laboratory and clinical studies have demonstrated
that green tea components, specifically the green tea <span class="highlight">catechin</span>
(GTC) epigallocatechin gallate, can induce apoptosis, suppress
progression, and inhibit invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">New Insights Into the Mechanisms of Green Tea </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Catechins</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in the Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer</span>" by Connors SK, Chornokur G, Kumar NB.(14)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">15. Breast cancer</span><br />
In
the developing a chronically induced breast cell carcinogenesis model
to the exposure of non-cancerous, human breast epithelial MCF10A
cells to bioachievable picomolar concentrations of environmental
carcinogens, such as 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
(NNK) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), to progressively induce cellular
acquisition of cancer-associated properties, as measurable end points,
found that green tea <span class="highlight">catechins</span>
(GTCs) , at non-cytotoxic levels, were able to suppress chronically
induced cellular carcinogenesis by blocking carcinogen-induced ROS
elevation, ERK activation, cell proliferation and DNA damage in each
exposure cycle. Our model may help accelerate the identification of
preventive agents to intervene in carcinogenesis induced by long-term
exposure to environmental carcinogens, thereby safely and effectively
reducing the health risk of sporadic breast cancer, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green tea </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">catechin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> intervention of reactive oxygen species-mediated ERK pathway activation and chronically induced breast cell carcinogenesis</span>" by Rathore K, Choudhary S, Odoi A, Wang HC.(15)<br />
<br />
16. Etc.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Pharmacy In Vegetables</span><br />
<a href="http://469f5g0fi9un1htqxo0f-lck7l.hop.clickbank.net/">Use the science behind the health benefits of vegetables<br />to improve your health, delay aging and cure major diseases.</a><br />
<br />
To read the series of Phytochemicals in foods, please visit <a href="http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/2011/10/phytochemicals-health-benefits.html">http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/2011/10/phytochemicals-health-benefits.html</a><br />
<br />
For other health articles, please visit my home page at <a href="http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/">http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com</a></div>
<div class="auths">
</div>
<div class="auths">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B.2. Gallocatechin</span></div>
<div class="auths">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Gallocatechin</span>, containing
catechin is phytochemicals of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids
(polyphenols), found abundantly in green tea, almonds, black diamond
plums, black tea, cocoa beans, Fuji apples, golden delicious apple,
etc. </div>
<div class="auths">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Bone metabolism</span><br />
In the investigation of three tea catechins, epigallocatechin (EGC), <span class="highlight">gallocatechin</span> (GC), and <span class="highlight">gallocatechin</span>
gallate (GCG) for their effects on bone metabolism, found that EGC
significantly inhibited osteoclast formations from RAW 264.7 cells upon
receptor activation of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand induction on the
fourth day of treatment, at a concentration of 10 microM. EGC also
dose-dependently inhibited the mRNA expression of tatrate-resistant acid
phosphatase. GC and GCG could decrease osteoclastogenesis at 20
microM. The present study illustrated that the tea catechins, EGC in
particular, had positive effects on bone metabolism through a double
process of promoting osteoblastic activity and inhibiting osteoclast
differentiations, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effects of tea catechins, epigallocatechin, </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">gallocatechin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">gallocatechin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> gallate, on bone metabolism</span>" by Ko CH, Lau KM, Choy WY, Leung PC.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Antimetastatic effects</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the antimetastatic effects of P urinaria L extracts
(PUE), containingpolyphenols including gallic acid, methyl gallate,
epicatechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, <span class="highlight">gallocatechin</span>-3-gallate,
rutin, epicatechin-3-gallate, and naringin, found that PUE inhibits
the transcription of MMP-2 mRNA. PUE also exerted an inhibitory effect
on the DNA-binding activity and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB
and AP-1. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of PUE on the metastasis
and growth of LLC cells in vivo were proven. These results indicate
that PUE could be applied to be a potential antimetastatic agent,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimetastatic
Potentials of Phyllanthusurinaria L on A549 and Lewis Lung Carcinoma
Cells via Repression of Matrix-Degrading Proteases</span>" by Tseng HH, Chen PN, Kuo WH, Wang JW, Chu SC, Hsieh YS.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Anti skin cancer</span><br />
In
the determination of the effect of green tea catechins on the invasive
potential of human melanoma cells and the molecular mechanisms
underlying these effects using A375 (BRAF-mutated) and Hs294t
(Non-BRAF-mutated) melanoma cell lines as an in vitro model, found that
Inhibition of melanoma cell migration by EGCG was associated with
transition of mesenchymal stage to epithelial stage, which resulted in
an increase in the levels of epithelial biomarkers (E-cadherin,
cytokeratin and desmoglein 2) and a reduction in the levels of
mesenchymal biomarkers (vimentin, fibronectin and N-cadherin) in A375
melanoma cells. Together, these results indicate that EGCG, a major
green tea catechin, has the ability to inhibit melanoma cell
invasion/migration, an essential step of metastasis, by targeting the
endogenous expression of COX-2, PGE(2) receptors and
epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green
tea catechins reduce invasive potential of human melanoma cells by
targeting COX-2, PGE2 receptors and epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition</span>" by Singh T, Katiyar SK(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Antidiabetic activity</span><br />
In
the observation of Terminalia sericea stem bark extract and theirs
effect against alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes, found that
four known compounds namely beta-sitosterol (1),
beta-sitosterol-3-acetate (2), lupeol (3), and stigma-4-ene-3-one (4),
in addition to two inseparable sets of mixtures of isomers
[epicatechin-catechin (M1), and <span class="highlight">gallocatechin</span>-epigallocatechin
(M2). 1 and 3 showed the best inhibitory activity on
alpha-glucosidase (IC50:54.5 and 66.5 microM). Bio-evaluation of the
inhibitory activity of the purified compounds on alpha-amylase showed
that 3 and 1 exhibited IC50 values of 140.7 and 216.02 microM,
respectively against alpha-amylase, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antidiabetic activity of Terminalia sericea constituents</span>" by Nkobole N, Houghton PJ, Hussein A, Lall N.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Anti-uveal melanoma activity</span><br />
In the study of the MeOH extract of Acacia nilotica pods, resulted in the isolation of the new compound <span class="highlight">gallocatechin</span>
5-O-gallate in addition to methyl gallate, gallic acid, catechin,
catechin 5-O-gallate, 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose,
1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose and digallic acid, found that in addition
to uveal melanoma, the antiproliferative activities of the isolated
compounds and the related compound epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCG)
were evaluated against cutaneous melanoma, ovarian cancer,
glioblastoma and normal retinal pigmented cells, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">In vitro anti-uveal melanoma activity of phenolic compounds from the Egyptian medicinal plant Acacia nilotica</span>" by Salem MM, Davidorf FH, Abdel-Rahman MH.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Degenerative diseases</span><br />
In
the inestigation of whether green tea and its components can regulate
the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in pluripotent rat
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The rat MSCs were isolated from the bone
marrow of tibiae and femora, found that among six tested tea
polyphenols, epigallocatechin (EGC) was shown to be the most effective
in promoting osteogenic differentiation. At 20 μM, EGC increased ALP
levels and Ca deposition significantly by 2.3- and 1.7-fold,
respectively, when compared with the control group. EGC also increased
the mRNA expression of bone formation markers runt-related
transcription factor 2, ALP, osteonectin, and osteopontin, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Pro-bone and antifat effects of green tea and its polyphenol, epigallocatechin, in rat mesenchymal stem cells in vitro</span>" by Ko CH, Siu WS, Wong HL, Shum WT, Fung KP, San Lau CB, Leung PC.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Antioxidants</span><br />
In
the identification of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and its
important roles in the maintenance of cellular redox balance, found
that Pretreatment with green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate
(EGCG) effectively blocked peroxynitrite-induced glutathione depletion,
p53 accumulation, and apoptosis in both normal and G6PD-deficient
cells. EGCG, administered to cells alone or as pretreatment, caused
activation of Akt. The protective effect was abolished by
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, wortmannin, and
LY294002, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green tea
polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects cells against
peroxynitrite-induced cytotoxicity: modulatory effect of cellular G6PD
status</span>" by Ho HY, Wei TT, Cheng ML, Chiu DT.(7)<br />
<br style="font-weight: bold;" />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. Anti HIV</span><br />
In
the investigation of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most
abundant catechin in green tea and its effect on HIV-1, found that EGCG
appears to act mainly as an allosteric reverse transcriptase
inhibitor with mechanisms different from those of currently approved
NNRTIs that directly interact with the NNRTI binding pocket. Thus, EGCG
is a good candidate for use as an additional or supportive anti-HIV
agent derived from natural plants, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits the HIV reverse transcription step</span>" by Li S, Hattori T, Kodama EN.(8)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the radioprotective efficacy of green tea
polyphenols and the component ingredients against irradiated-induced
damage in mice and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, found that
Moreover GTP and its bioactive components (catechin, epigallocatechin
and epigallocatechin-3-gallate) assisted in decreasing the
leukocytopenia seen after whole mice irradiation and significantly
reduced the elevated serum inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and
IL-6). Green tea polyphenols have a potential to be developed as
radioprotective agents against irradiated-induced toxicity. Furthermore
the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of GTP can be
attributed to the interaction of the different components through
multiple and synergistic mechanisms, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Bioactive
components from the tea polyphenols influence on endogenous
antioxidant defense system and modulate inflammatory cytokines after
total-body irradiation in mice</span>" by Hu Y, Guo DH, Liu P, Cao JJ, Wang YP, Yin J, Zhu Y, Rahman K.(9)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of
nanocatechin on CBP and plasma concentration of catechins in an animal
model, found that the use of ciprofloxacin, catechin, and nanocatechin
showed statistically significant decrease in bacterial growth and
improvement in prostatic inflammation compared with the control group.
The nanocatechin group showed statistically significant decrease in
bacterial growth and improvement in prostatic inflammation compared with
the catechin group. Plasma concentrations of epicatechin, <span class="highlight">gallocatechin</span>
gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate were significantly higher in
the nanocatechin group than those in the catechin group. These results
suggest that nanocatechin has better antimicrobial and
anti-inflammatory effects on rat CBP than catechin due to higher
absorption into the body, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of nanocatechin in a chronic bacterial prostatitis rat model</span>" by Yoon BI, Ha US, Sohn DW, Lee SJ, Kim HW, Han CH, Lee CB, Cho YH.(10)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">11. Ultraviolet B irradiation protection</span><br />
In
the investigation of the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate
(EGCG) on the immune function of dendritic cells (DCs) after
ultraviolet B irradiation (UVB), found that the inhibition rate of DCs
was improved to some extent after treatment with 200 microg/mL of
EGCG. UVB showed no significant influence on the secretion of IL-10
and IL-12 from DCs, while EGCG was able to down-regulate the secretion
level of IL-12 and up-regulate that of IL-10, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate on the immune function of dendritic cells after ultraviolet B irradiation</span>" by Jin SL, Zhou BR, Luo D.(11)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">12. Antiviral effect</span><br />
In
the identification of tea polyphenols were evaluated for their ability
to inhibit enterovirus 71 (EV71) replication in Vero cell culture,
found that The viral inhibitory effect correlated well with the
antioxidant capacity of polyphenol. Mechanistically, EV71 infection
led to increased oxidative stress, as shown by increased
dichlorofluorescein and MitoSOX Red fluorescence. Upon EGCG treatment,
reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was significantly reduced.
Consistent with this, EV71 replication was enhanced in
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient cells, and such
enhancement was largely reversed by EGCG, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antiviral effect of epigallocatechin gallate on enterovirus 71</span>" by Ho HY, Cheng ML, Weng SF, Leu YL, Chiu DT.(12)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">13. Neuroprotective effect </span><br />
In
the research of beta-Amyloid (Abeta) peptide, a major component of
senile plaques has been regarded to play a crucial role in the
development and neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), found
that EGCG may have preventive and/or therapeutic potential in AD
patients by augmenting cellular antioxidant defense capacity and
attenuating Abeta-mediated oxidative and/or nitrosative cell death,
according to"<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Neuroprotective effect of
epigallocatechin-3-gallate against beta-amyloid-induced oxidative and
nitrosative cell death via augmentation of antioxidant defense
capacity</span>" by Kim CY, Lee C, Park GH, Jang JH.(13)<br />
<br />
14. Etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>B.3. Epicatechin</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Epicatechin</span>, containing catechins, is phytochemicals of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in <span class="st">kola nut</span>, tea and grapes, etc.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Testosterone</span><br />
In the study
of the effects of catechins on testosterone secretion in rat
testicular Leydig cells (LCs) both in vivo and in vitro, found that
Catechins increased plasma testosterone in vivo in male rats. In vitro,
low-dose concentration of catechins increased gonadotropin releasing
hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) release by anterior
pituitary gland and hCG-stimulated testosterone release by LCs of male
rats, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effects of catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate on testosterone production in rat leydig cells</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">" by </span>Yu PL, Pu HF, Chen SY, Wang SW, Wang PS(1)<br />
<br />
2. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Insulin Resistance</span><br />
In
the study of increased plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) are
associated with profound insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and may
also play a critical role in the insulin resistance of obesity and
type 2 diabetes mellitus, found that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
and curcumin treatment reduce insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)
Ser307 phosphorylation, and curcumin is more potent to increase Akt
phosphorylation in TPA induction. Moreover, we found that after 5 h of
palmitate incubation, <span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG) can suppress IRS-1 Ser307 phosphorylation and significantly
promote Akt, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and AMP-activated protein kinase
activation. With a longer incubation with palmitate, IRS-1 exhibited a
dramatic depletion, and treatment with EGCG, ECG, and curcumin could
reverse IRS-1 expression, Akt phosphorylation, and MAPK signaling
cascade activation and improve glucose uptake in C2C12 skeletal muscle
cells, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Suppression of Free Fatty Acid-Induced Insulin Resistance by Phytopolyphenols in C2C12 Mouse Skeletal Muscle Cells</span>" by Deng YT, Chang TW, Lee MS, Lin JK.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Genoprotective effects </span><br />
In the determination of what effects could trigger the effects of <span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG) in C6 cells, found that ECG as a dose-dependent genoprotective
compound in C6 astroglial cells. This indicates that small doses of
polyphenols included in our diet could have beneficial effects on
neural cells, contributing to prevention of oxidative stress-associated
brain pathologies. In addition, our data highlight the importance of
strictly modulating doses and/or consumption of antioxidant-fortified
foods or additional supplements containing such beneficial molecules,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Genoprotective effects of the green tea-derived polyphenol/</span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">epicatechin gallate</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in C6 astroglial cells</span>' by Abib RT, Quincozes-Santos A, Zanotto C, Zeidán-Chuliá F, Lunardi PS, Gonçalves CA, Gottfried C.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Colon cancer </span><br />
In the identification of the anticarcinogenic effects of the flavanols epicatechin (EC), <span class="highlight">epicatechin-gallate</span>
(ECG) and procyanidin B2 (PB2) on Caco-2 and SW480 colon cancer cells,
found that the different cytotoxicity of flavanols is caused by their
different activity and the degree of differentiation of the colon
cancer cell line. Thus, ECG induced apoptosis in SW480 cells and
contributed to the cytotoxic effect, whereas ECG enhanced the
antioxidant potential in Caco-2 cells. PB2 activated cell proliferation
and survival/proliferation pathways in SW480 cells, accoridng to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Dietary
flavanols exert different effects on antioxidant defenses and
apoptosis/proliferation in Caco-2 and SW480 colon cancer cells</span>" by<br />
Ramos S, Rodríguez-Ramiro I, Martín MA, Goya L, Bravo L.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Anti cancer</span><br />
In
the demonstration of the ability of monomeric and dimeric flavanols in
scavenging reactive nitrogen species derived from nitrous acid, found
that epicatechin was transferred across the jejunum of the small
intestine yielding metabolites, its nitroso form was not absorbed.
Dimer B2 but not epicatechin monomer inhibited the proliferation of,
and triggered apoptosis in, Caco-2 cells. The latter was accompanied by
caspase-3 activation and reductions in Akt phosphorylation,
suggesting activation of apoptosis via inhibition of prosurvival
signaling, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The reaction
of flavanols with nitrous acid protects against N-nitrosamine
formation and leads to the formation of nitroso derivatives which
inhibit cancer cell growth</span>" by Lee SY, Munerol B, Pollard S, Youdim KA, Pannala AS, Kuhnle GG, Debnam ES, Rice-Evans C, Spencer JP.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Antioxidants</span><br />
In
the evaluation of evaluate the antioxidant response of colon-derived
Caco2 cells to dietary flavanols, found that Flavanols ( epicatechin
(EC), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and
procyanidin B2 (PB2)) protect Caco2 cells against an induced oxidative
stress and subsequent cellular death by reducing ROS production and
preventing caspase-3 activation. In particular, PB2 increases the
activity of antioxidant/detoxification enzymes and thus protects Caco2
cells by directly counteracting free radicals and also by activating
the antioxidant defence system, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Comparative effects of dietary flavanols on antioxidant defences and their response to oxidant-induced stress on Caco2 cells</span>" by Rodríguez-Ramiro I, Martín MA, Ramos S, Bravo L, Goya L.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Hepatitis C virus</span><br />
In the investigation of the polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and and its derivatives, epigallocatechin (EGC), <span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG), and epicatechin (EC), as an inhibitor of HCV entry, found that
treatment with EGCG directly during inoculation strongly inhibited HCV
infectivity. Expression levels of all known HCV (co-)receptors were
unaltered by EGCG. Finally, we showed that EGCG inhibits viral
attachment to the cell, thus disrupting the initial step of HCV cell
entry and concluded that the green tea molecule, EGCG, potently inhibits
HCV entry and could be part of an antiviral strategy aimed at the
prevention of HCV reinfection after liver transplantation, according to
"<span style="font-weight: bold;">The green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, inhibits hepatitis C virus entry</span>"
by Ciesek S, von Hahn T, Colpitts CC, Schang LM, Friesland M,
Steinmann J, Manns MP, Ott M, Wedemeyer H, Meuleman P, Pietschmann T,
Steinmann E.(7)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. Genotoxic effects </span><br />
In
the evaluation of the potential cytotoxic and prooxidative effects of
green tea extract and its two main flavonoid constituents
epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and <span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2), found that the
cytotoxicity of EGCG and ECG increased with the time of incubation.
Green tea extract induced lipid peroxidation in the CK2 cell line. The
pro-oxidant effect of green tea was determined at concentrations
higher than those found in traditionally prepared green tea infusions,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Genotoxic effects of green tea extract on human laryngeal carcinoma cells in vitro</span>" by Durgo K, Kostić S, Gradiški K, Komes D, Osmak M, Franekić J.(8)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. Anti inflammatory properties </span><br />
In
the comparison of anti-tumoral properties of EGCG on human pancreatic
ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells PancTu-I, Panc1, Panc89 and BxPC3
and the effects of two minor components of green tea catechins,
catechin gallate (CG) and <span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG), found that all three catechins inhibited proliferation of PDAC
cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, CG and ECG
exerted much stronger anti-proliferative effects than EGCG. Western
blot analyses performed with PancTu-I cells revealed catechin-mediated
modulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins (cyclins,
cyclin-dependent kinases [CDK], CDK inhibitors). Again, these effects
were clearly more pronounced in CG or ECG than in EGCG-treated cells,
according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Epicatechin gallate</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">
and catechin gallate are superior to epigallocatechin gallate in
growth suppression and anti-inflammatory activities in pancreatic tumor
cells</span>" by Kürbitz C, Heise D, Redmer T, Goumas F, Arlt A, Lemke J, Rimbach G, Kalthoff H, Trauzold A.(9)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Breast cancer</span><br />
In
the identification of an inverse association between the risk of
breast cancer and the intake of green tea has also been reported in
Asian Americans, found that Nude mice inoculated with human breast
cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and treated with GTP and EGCG were effective
in delaying the tumor incidence as well as reducing the tumor burden
when compared to the water fed and similarly handled control. GTP and
EGCG treatment were also found to induce apoptosis and inhibit the
proliferation when the tumor tissue sections were examined by
immunohistochemistry, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green
tea polyphenols and its constituent epigallocatechin gallate inhibits
proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Thangapazham%20RL%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Thangapazham RL, Singh AK, Sharma A, Warren J, Gaddipati JP, Maheshwari RK.(10)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">11. Blastocysts</span><br />
In the analyzing the cytotoxic effects of <span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG), a polyphenol extract from green tea, on the blastocyst stage
of mouse embryos, subsequent embryonic attachment, and in vitro and in
vivo outgrowth implantation after embryo transfer, found that
Blastocysts treated with 50 microM ECG exhibited a significant increase
in apoptosis and a corresponding decrease in total cell number.
Importantly, the implantation success rate of blastocysts pretreated
with 50 microM ECG was lower than that of controls, and in vitro
treatment with 50 microM ECG was associated with increased resorption of
post-implantation embryos and decreased fetal weight, according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Epicatechin gallate</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> decreases the viability and subsequent embryonic development of mouse blastocysts</span>" by Tu HC, Chen CP, Chan WH.(11)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">12. Prostate cancer</span><br />
In
the examination of the HGF/c-Met pathway, an important regulator of
signaling pathways responsible for invasion and metastasis of most
human cancers, found that EGCG could act both by preventing activation
of c-Met by HGF and by attenuating the activity of pathways already
induced by HGF. HGF did not activate the MAPK and PI3-K pathways in
cells treated with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (mCD) to remove
cholesterol. Furthermore, subcellular fractionation approaches
demonstrated that only phosphorylated c-Met accumulated in Triton X-100
membrane insoluble fractions, supporting a role for lipid rafts in
regulating c-Met signaling. Finally, EGCG treatment inhibited DiIC16
incorporation into membrane lipid ordered domains, and cholesterol
partially inhibited the EGCG effects on signaling, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The
polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate affects lipid rafts to block
activation of the c-Met receptor in prostate cancer cells</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Duhon%20D%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Duhon D, Bigelow RL, Coleman DT, Steffan JJ, Yu C, Langston W, Kevil CG, Cardelli JA.(12)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">13. Periodontal disease</span><br />
in
the investigation of IL-6 is well recognized to be a potent bone
resorptive agent and thus in the development of periodontal disease,
found that EGCG, ECG, and TFDG prevented TNFSF14-mediated IL-6
production in HGFs. EGCG, ECG, and TFDG prevented TNFSF14-induced
extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase
(JNK), and nuclear factor-kappaB activation in HGFs. Inhibitors of ERK,
JNK, and nuclear factor-kappaB decreased TNFSF14-induced IL-6
production. In addition, EGCG, ECG, and TFDG attenuated TNFSF14
receptor expression on HGFs, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Tea polyphenols inhibit IL-6 production in tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts</span>" by Hosokawa Y, Hosokawa I, Ozaki K, Nakanishi T, Nakae H, Matsuo T.(13)<br />
<br />
14. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Glucose tolerance</span><br />
In
the investigation of the benefit of green tea extract (GTE)
consumption in effecting prolonged postprandial hyperglycemia, a
detrimental factor for type 2 diabetes and obesity, found that the
gallated catechin when it is in the circulation elevates blood glucose
level by blocking normal glucose uptake into the tissues, resulting
in secondary hyperinsulinemia, whereas it decreases glucose entry into
the circulation when they are inside the intestinal lumen. These
findings encourage the development of non-absorbable derivatives of
gallated catechins for preventative treatment of type 2 diabetes and
obesity, which would specifically induce only the positive luminal
effect, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Ambivalent role
of gallated catechins in glucose tolerance in humans: a novel insight
into non-absorbable gallated catechin-derived inhibitors of glucose
absorption</span>" by Park JH, Jin JY, Baek WK, Park SH, Sung HY, Kim YK, Lee J, Song DK.(13)<br />
<br />
14. Etc.<br />
<br />
<b>B.4.</b> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Epigallocatechin</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Epigallocatechin</span>, including
catechins, is a phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of
Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in green tea, St John wort,
black Tea, carob flour, Fuji apples, etc.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Anti-Breast Cancer Activities</span><br />
In the testing the hypothesis that administration of <span class="highlight">epigallocatechin</span>-3-gallate
(EGCG), a polyphenol present in abundance in widely consumed tea, and
its inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis in
breast cancer, found that treatment with combination of radiotherapy and
EGCG feeding for 2-8 weeks to in vitro cultures of highly-metastatic
human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells resulted in the following
significant changes: (1) suppression of cell proliferation and
invasion; (2) arrest of cell cycles at the G0/G1 phase; (3) reduction
of activation of MMP9/MMP2, expressions of Bcl-2/Bax, c-Met receptor,
NF-κB, and the phosphorylation of Akt. MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to 5-10
µM EGCG also showed significant augmentation of the apoptosis
inducing effects of γ-radiation, concomitant with reduced NF-κB
protein level and AKT phosphorylation, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti-Cancer Activities of Tea </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Epigallocatechin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">-3-Gallate in Breast Cancer Patients under Radiotherapy</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">" by </span>Zhang
G, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wan X, Li J, Liu K, Wang F, Liu Q, Yang C, Yu P,
Huang Y, Wang S, Jiang P, Qu Z, Luan J, Duan H, Zhang L, Hou A, Jin S,
Hsieh TC (1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Anti cancers</span><br />
In the review and outline the wide range of mechanisms by which <span class="highlight">epigallocatechin</span>
gallate (ECGC) and other green and black tea polyphenols' inhibition
of cancer cell found that EGCG reduced dihydrofolate reductase
activity, which would affect nucleic acid and protein synthesis. It
also acted as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor an-tagonist by directly
binding the receptor's molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90. In
conclusion, green and black tea polyphenols act at numerous points
regulating cancer cell growth, survival, and metastasis, including
effects at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Mechanisms of cancer prevention by green and black tea polyphenols</span>" by Beltz LA, Bayer DK, Moss AL, Simet IM.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Anti-atherosclerotic effects</span><br />
In
the localization and target sites of tea catechins underlying their
biological activity including anti-atherosclerotic activity, found that
ECg could suppress the gene expression of a scavenger receptor CD36, a
key molecule for foam cell formation, in macrophage cells. These
results, for the first time, showed the target site of a tea component
ECg in the aorta and might provide a mechanism for the
anti-atherosclerotic actions of the catechins, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">(-)-</span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Epicatechin gallate</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">
accumulates in foamy macrophages in human atherosclerotic aorta:
implication in the anti-atherosclerotic actions of tea catechins</span>" by Kawai Y, Tanaka H, Murota K, Naito M, Terao J.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Inflammatory effects</span><br />
In
the determination of the up-regulated expressions of IL-8 or PGE(2) in
Streptococci or PAMP-stimulated HDPF were inhibited by catechins,
(-)-<span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). In TLR2
ligand-stimulated HDPF, found that catechins might be useful
therapeutically as an anti-inflammatory modulator of dental pulpal <span class="highlight">inflammation</span>, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Tea
catechins reduce inflammatory reactions via mitogen-activated protein
kinase pathways in toll-like receptor 2 ligand-stimulated dental pulp
cells</span>" by Hirao K, Yumoto H, Nakanishi T, Mukai K, Takahashi K, Takegawa D, Matsuo T.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Cardiovascular diseases</span><br />
In the identification of green tea catechins and its lowering the risk of cardiovascular <span class="highlight">diseases</span>,
found that green tea catechins, particularly (-)-epigallocatechin
gallate, interfere with the emulsification, digestion, and micellar
solubilization of lipids, critical steps involved in the intestinal
absorption of dietary fat, cholesterol, and other lipids. Based on the
observations, it is likely that green tea or its catechins lower the
absorption and tissue accumulation of other lipophilic organic
compounds, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green tea as inhibitor of the intestinal absorption of lipids: potential mechanism for its lipid-lowering effect</span>" by Koo SI, Noh SK.(5)<br />
<br style="font-weight: bold;" />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Antiviral activities</span><br />
In the observation of Catechin derivatives including (-)-<span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epigallocatechin
(EGC) and green tea extract (GTE) and theirs inhibition of the
activities of cloned human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse
transcriptase (HIV-1 RT), duck <span class="highlight">hepatitis</span>
B virus replication complexes reverse transcriptase (DHBV RCs RT),
herpes simplex virus 1 DNA polymerase (HSV-1 DNAP) and cow thymus DNA
polymerase alpha (CT DNAP alpha, found that GCG exerts a mixed
inhibition with respect to external template inducer poly (rA).oligo
(dT) 12-18 and a noncompetitive inhibition with respect to substrate
dTTP for HIV-1 RT. Bovine serum albumin significantly reduced the
inhibitory effects of catechin analogues and GTE on HIV-1 RT. In tissue
culture GTE inhibited the cytopathic effect of coxsackie B3 virus,
but did not inhibit the cytopathic effects of HSV-1, HSV-2, influenza A
or influenza B viruses, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">[The
inhibitory effects of catechin derivatives on the activities of human
immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and DNA
polymerases].[Article in Chinese]</span>" by Tao P.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Metabolic syndrome</span><br />
In the investigation of Tea catechins, including the gallate esters of catechins, (-)-<span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). in reducing serum
cholesterol concentrations and suppressing postprandial
hypertriacylglycerolemia in experimental animals and humans, found that
tea catechins and heat-treated tea catechins with the galloyl moiety
improve lipid metabolism and contribute to the prevention of the
metabolic syndrome, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Multifunctional effects of green tea catechins on prevention of the metabolic syndrome</span>" by Ikeda I.(7)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Cognitive</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> effects</span><br />
in
the examination of examined whether long-term administration of green
tea catechins [Polyphenon E (PE): 63% of epigallocatechin-3-gallate,
11% of epicatechin, 6% of (-)-epigallocatechin and 6% of (-)-<span class="highlight">epicatechin-gallate</span>] prevents <span class="highlight">cognitive</span>
impairment in an animal model of AD, rats infused with Abeta1-40 into
the cerebral ventricle, found that rats with preadministered PE had
higher ferric-reducing antioxidation power of plasma as compared with
the Vehicle group. Our results suggest that long-term administration of
green tea catechins provides effective prophylactic benefits against
Abeta-induced <span class="highlight">cognitive</span> impairment by increasing antioxidative defenses, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green tea catechins prevent </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">cognitive</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> deficits caused by Abeta1-40 in rats</span>" by Haque AM, Hashimoto M, Katakura M, Hara Y, Shido O.(8)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. Cholesterol</span><br />
In
the examination of the influence of green tea extract, epicatechin
(EC), epicatechin galate (ECG) as well as epigallocatechin galate
(EGCG) on oxidative modifications of <span class="highlight">LDL</span>
of human blood serum, found that Catechins and green tea abilities to
protect lipophilic antioxidant--alpha-tocopherol against oxidation
have been also examined. The results reveal that peroxidation of <span class="highlight">LDL</span>
is markedly prevented by green tea extract and in a slightly weaker
way by catechins (EGCG in particular), which is manifested by a
decrease in concentration of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides,
MDA, dityrosine and by an increase in tryptophan content, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The comparison of effect of catechins and green tea extract on oxidative modification of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">LDL</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in vitro</span>" by Ostrowska J, Skrzydlewska E.(9)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Anti diabetes</span><br />
In the observation of the effect of tea catechins (epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), <span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG) and epicatechin (EC)) on markers of oxidative stress
(malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and membrane -SH
group) in erythrocytes from type 2 diabetics, found that tea catechins
protect erythrocytes from t-BHP-induced oxidative stress, the effect
being more pronounced in diabetic erythrocytes. The relative
effectiveness of individual catechins are in the order of
EGCG>ECG>EGC>EC. 7. We hypothesise that a higher intake of
catechin-rich food by diabetic patients may provide some protection
against the development of long-term complications of <span class="highlight">diabetes</span>, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Protective role of tea catechins against oxidation-induced damage of type 2 diabetic erythrocytes</span>" by Rizvi SI, Zaid MA, Anis R, Mishra N.(10)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">11. Antioxidants</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the effects of the main polyphenolic components
extracted from green tea leaves, i.e. (-)-epicatechin (EC),
(-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-<span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and gallic acid (GA),
against free radical initiated peroxidation of human low density
lipoprotein (LDL), found that The antioxidative action of the green tea
polyphenols includes trapping the initiating and/or propagating
peroxyl radicals with the activity sequence
EC>EGCG>ECG>EGC>GA for the AAPH initiated peroxidation,
and reducing the alpha-tocopheroxyl radical to regenerate
alpha-tocopherol with the activity sequence of
ECG>EC>EGCG>EGC>GA and ECG>EGCG>GA>EC>EGC for
the AAPH-initiated and BP-photosensitized peroxidations respectively,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antioxidative effects of
green tea polyphenols on free radical initiated and photosensitized
peroxidation of human low density lipoprotein</span>" by Liu Z, Ma LP, Zhou B, Yang L, Liu ZL.(11)<br />
<br />
12. Etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B.5. Theaflavin</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin</span> with reddish in
color, is a phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids
(polyphenols), formed in tea leaves during <span class="mw-redirect">fermentation</span>.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Skin cancer</span><br />
In the investigation of the tumor-inhibiting property of black tea polyphenol, <span class="highlight">theaflavin, found that </span>The treatment of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>
downregulated the gelatinolytic activity, mRNA and protein expression
of MMP-2. It reduced the mRNA and protein expression of membrane
type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP) and induced mRNA and protein expression of tissue
inhibitor of MMP-2 (TIMP-2), suggesting <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>'s inhibitory effect on MMP-2 activation. <span class="highlight">Theaflavin</span> reduced the binding of A375 cell to ECM ligands demonstrating that <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> treatment hinders cell-ECM adhesion, cell motility, and integrin-mediated MMP-2 activation, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Black tea polyphenol (</span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">) downregulates MMP-2 in human melanoma cell line A375 by involving multiple regulatory molecules</span>" by Sil H, Sen T, Moulik S, Chatterjee A.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Anti cancers </span><br />
In
the review of anti-tumor p53 functions by dietary plant polyphenols
particularly black tea and its active component theaflavins, by dietary
plant polyphenols particularly black tea and its active component
theaflavins has gained immense recognition from the point of view of
both efficacy and safety, indicated that the review discusses about the
possible role of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-p53
cross talk in targeting CSCs. Such attempts to target the
complexities of p53 functions during neogenesis will be of immense
help in developing a "new" strategy for successful cancer prevention
and therapy by theaflavins, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Operation 'p53 Hunt' to combat cancer: Theaflavins in action</span>" by Mohanty S, Adhikary A, Chakrabarty S, Sa G, Das T.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities</span><br />
In the investigation of the role of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>, a polyphenol substance extracted from black tea, in attenuating acute I/R injury in a fatty liver model, found that <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>
significantly diminished the ROS production of steatotic hepatocytes
and TNF-α production by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and concluded
that <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>
has protective effects against I/R injury in fatty livers by
anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms,
according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mouse fatty liver model</span>" by<br />
Luo XY, Takahara T, Hou J, Kawai K, Sugiyama T, Tsukada K, Takemoto M, Takeuchi M, Zhong L, Li XK.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. HIV-1 infection</span><br />
In
the investigation of the mechanism by which TFmix inhibits HIV-1
infection was investigated using time-of-addition, found that TFmix is
an economic natural product preparation containing high content of
theaflavins with potent anti-HIV-1 activity by targeting the viral
entry step through the disruption of gp41 6-HB core structure. It has a
potential to be developed as a safe and affordable topical
microbicide for preventing sexual transmission of HIV, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">A
natural theaflavins preparation inhibits HIV-1 infection by targeting
the entry step: Potential applications for preventing HIV-1 infection</span>" by Yang J, Li L, Tan S, Jin H, Qiu J, Mao Q, Li R, Xia C, Jiang ZH, Jiang S, Liu S.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Cholesterol</span><br />
In
the investigation of 240 men and women 18 years or older on a low-fat
diet with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia were randomly assigned
to receive a daily capsule containing theaflavin-enriched green tea
extract (375 mg) or placebo for 12 weeks, found that after 12 weeks, the
mean ± SEM changes from baseline in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C,
and triglyceride levels were -11.3% ± 0.9% (P = .01), -16.4% ± 1.1% (P =
.01), 2.3% ± 2.1% (P = .27), and 2.6% ± 3.5% (P = .47), respectively,
in the tea extract group. The mean levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C,
HDL-C, and triglycerides did not change significantly in the placebo
group. No significant adverse events were observed, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of a Theaflavin-Enriched Green Tea Extract</span>"
by David J. Maron, MD; Guo Ping Lu, MD; Nai Sheng Cai, MD; Zong Gui
Wu, MD; Yue Hua Li, MD; Hui Chen, MD; Jian Qiu Zhu, MD; Xue Juan Jin,
MS; Bert C. Wouters, MA; Jian Zhao, PhD.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Parkinson's disease</span><br />
In the assessment of the effect of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> against MPTP/p induced neurodegenaration in C57BL/6 mice, found that <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>
attenuates MPTP/p induced apoptosis and neurodegeneration as
evidenced by increased expression of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase (TH),
dopamine transporter (DAT) and reduced apoptotic markers such as
caspase-3, 8, 9 accompanied by normalized behavioral characterization.
This may be due to anti oxidative and anti apoptotic activity,
according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, a black tea polyphenol, protects nigral dopaminergic neurons against chronic MPTP/probenecid induced Parkinson's disease</span>" by Anandhan A, Tamilselvam K, Radhiga T, Rao S, Essa MM, Manivasagam T.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Antioxidant effects</span><br />
In the investigation of four main TF derivatives (<span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> (TF(1)), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate (TF(2)A), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3'-gallate (TF(2)B), and <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3,3'-digallate
(TF(3))) in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro, their
properties of inhibiting superoxide, singlet oxygen, hydrogen
peroxide, and the hydroxyl radical, and their effects on hydroxyl
radical-induced DNA oxidative damage, found that compared with
(-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), TF derivatives were good
antioxidants for scavenging ROS and preventing the hydroxyl
radical-induced DNA damage in vitro. TF(3) was the most positive in
scavenging hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, and TF(1) suppressed
superoxide. Positive antioxidant capacities of TF(2)B on singlet
oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and the hydroxyl
radical-induced DNA damage in vitro were found, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Evaluation of the antioxidant effects of four main </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> derivatives through chemiluminescence and DNA damage analyses</span>" by Wu YY, Li W, Xu Y, Jin EH, Tu YY.(7)<br />
<br style="font-weight: bold;" />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. Antibacterial effects</span><br />
in the evaluation of the antibacterial effects of various concentrations of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> as well as combinations of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> and epicatechin, using the disk diffusion assay, found that strong antibacterial activity of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> against eight clinical isolates of S. maltophilia and A. baumannii. Significant synergy (P≤0.05) was also observed between <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> and epicatechin against all isolates, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antibacterial effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and synergy with epicatechin against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</span>" by Betts JW, Kelly SM, Haswell SJ.(8)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. Gastric ulcer healing</span><br />
In
the investigation of black tea (BT) and its constituent theaflavins
(TFs) during their healing action against indomethacin-induced stomach
ulceration in mice, found that Treatment with BT (40 mg/kg) and TF (1
mg/kg) for 3 days reversed these parameters and provided excellent
(78-81%) ulcer healing. However, alterations of NOS expressions and
levels of selectins and CAMs were only partially responsible for the
excellent healing capacity (∼80%) of omeprazole (3 mg/kg × 3 days),
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Black tea and theaflavins
suppress various inflammatory modulators and i-NOS mediated nitric
oxide synthesis during gastric ulcer healing</span>" by Adhikary B, Yadav SK, Chand S, Bandyopadhyay SK, Chattopadhyay S.(9)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Cardio-protective activities</span><br />
In the analyzing the protective effect of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> (TF1) and its underlying mechanism,<br />
found
that (1) compared with the control group, TF1 (10, 20, 40 μmol/l)
displayed a better recovery of cardiac function after
ischemia/reperfusion in a concentration-dependent manner. At 60 min of
reperfusion, LVDP, ± LVdP/dt (max) and CF in the TF1 group were much
higher than those in the control group, whereas left ventricular
end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in the TF1 group was lower than that in
the control group (P < 0.01). (2) Pretreatment with glibenclamide
(10 μmol/l), a K(ATP) antagonist, completely abolished the
cardioprotective effects of TF1 (20 μmol/l). Also, most of the effects
of TF1 (20 μmol/l) on cardiac function after 60 min of reperfusion
were reversed by 5-HD (100 μmol/l), a selective mitochondria K(ATP)
antagonist. (3) Atractyloside (20 μmol/l), a mitochondrial permeability
transition pore (mPTP) opener, administered at the beginning of 15
min of reperfusion completely abolished the cardioprotection of TF1
(20 μmol/l), according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">ATP-dependent potassium channels and mitochondrial permeability transition pores play roles in the cardioprotection of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in young rat</span>" by Ma H, Huang X, Li Q, Guan Y, Yuan F, Zhang Y.(10)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">11. Cervical cancer</span><br />
In
the study of antiproliferative activity of theaflavins in cervical
carcinoma HeLa cells and their effects on cellular microtubules and
purified goat brain tubulin, found that in vitro, polymerization of
purified tubulin into microtubules was also inhibited by theaflavins
with an IC(50) value of 78 ± 2.43 μg/mL (P < 0.01). Thus, disruption
of cellular microtubule network of HeLa cells through microtubule
depolymerization may be one of the possible mechanisms of
antiproliferative activity of theaflavins, according to " <span style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavins depolymerize microtubule network through tubulin binding and cause apoptosis of cervical carcinoma HeLa cells</span>" by Chakrabarty S, Das A, Bhattacharya A, Chakrabarti G.(11)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">12. Allergic effects</span><br />
In the determination of the preventive effects of black tea theaflavins, <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate (3-TF) and <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3,3'-digallate
(TFDG), on oxazolone-induced type IV allergy in male ICR mice, found
that the anti-allergic mechanisms of action of theaflavins involve
inhibition of the fluctuations of cytokines and maintenance of
antioxidant status in allergic mice, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Preventive effects of black tea theaflavins against mouse type IV allergy</span>" by Yoshino K, Yamazaki K, Sano M.(12)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">13. Alzheimer's disease and obesity</span><br />
In
the investigation of the effect of Theaflavin and the symptoms of
Alzheimer's disease and reduce the body weight of obese individuals,
found that Clearly TH(2) inhibits PAI-1 and might play a role in slowing
down the progression of Alzheimer's disease or obesity by a
PAI-1-dependent pathway. While the clinical value of TH(2) has not been
proven, long-term prospective studies assessing its efficacy are
warranted due to the benign nature of the substance, according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> digallate inactivates plasminogen activator inhibitor: could tea help in Alzheimer's disease and obesity?</span>" by Skrzypczak-Jankun E, Jankun J.(13)<br />
<br />
14. Etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B.6. Theaflavin-3-gallate</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin-3-gallate</span>, a
theaflavin derivative, is phytochemicals of Flavan-3-ols, in the group
of Flavonoids (polyphenols) found abundantly in green and black tea.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Antioxidant capacities</span><br />
In the comparison of TF derivatives (theaflavin (TF(1)), <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
(TF(2)A), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF(2)B), and
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF(3))) in scavenging reactive oxygen
species (ROS) in vitro, indicated that positive antioxidant capacities
of TF(2)B on singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and
the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro were found, according
to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Evaluation of the antioxidant effects of four main theaflavin derivatives through chemiluminescence and DNA damage analyses</span>" by Wu YY, Li W, Xu Y, Jin EH, Tu YY.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Cholesterol</span><br />
In
the study of Theaflavins, which are formed in the production of black
tea, have been suggested being responsible for the
blood-cholesterol-lowering (BCL), found that Ultracentrifugation and
HPLC analysis revealed that the pellets contained mainly <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>,
while the remaining theaflavins were found to be present in the
supernatant. Using purified theaflavin subtypes confirmed that mainly <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
is responsible for multilamellar vesicle formation. These results
show that theaflavins can play a role in decreased intestinal
cholesterol absorption via inhibition of micelle formation, according
to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavins from black tea, especially </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin-3-gallate</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, reduce the incorporation of cholesterol into mixed micelles</span>" by Vermeer MA, Mulder TP, Molhuizen HO.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Antimicrobial activities</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of seven green tea
catechins and four black tea theaflavins, found that
(-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate,
(-)-catechin-3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3,
3'-digallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, and <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
showed antimicrobial activities at nanomolar levels; (ii) most
compounds were more active than were medicinal antibiotics, such as
tetracycline or vancomycin, at comparable concentrations; (iii) the
bactericidal activities of the teas could be accounted for by the levels
of catechins and theaflavins as determined by high-pressure liquid
chromatography; (iv) freshly prepared tea infusions were more active
than day-old teas; and (v) tea catechins without gallate side chains,
gallic acid and the alkaloids caffeine and theobromine also present in
teas, and herbal (chamomile and peppermint) teas that contain no
flavonoids are all inactive, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial activities of tea catechins and theaflavins and tea extracts against Bacillus cereus</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Friedman%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Friedman M, Henika PR, Levin CE, Mandrell RE, Kozukue N.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Edema, 5. anti inflammation</span><br />
found that a single topical application of equimolar of black tea constituents (TF, <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>,
theaflavin-3'-gallate, and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate) strongly
inhibited TPA-induced edema of mouse ears. Application of TFs mixture to
mouse ears 20 min prior to each TPA application once a day for 4 days
inhibited TPA-induced persistent inflammation, as well as TPA-induced
increase in IL-1beta and IL-6 protein levels. TFs also inhibited
arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism via both cyclooxygenase (COX) and
lipoxygenase pathways, according to "I<span style="font-weight: bold;">nhibitory
effects of black tea theaflavin derivatives on
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and
arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse ears</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Huang%20MT%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Huang MT, Liu Y, Ramji D, Lo CY, Ghai G, Dushenkov S, Ho CT.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Allergic effect</span><br />
In the investigation of the preventive effects of black tea theaflavins, <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate (3-TF) and <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), on oxazolone-induced type IV allergy in male ICR mice.<br />
found that oral administration of 3-TF(<span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate)
and TFDG at a dose of 50 mg kg(-1) body weight prevented the
increases in levels of some proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-12
(IL-12), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumour necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Preventive effects of black tea theaflavins against mouse type IV allergy</span>" by Yoshino K, Yamazaki K, Sano M.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Anti cancers</span><br />
In the investigation of the inhibition effects of tea theaflavins complex (TFs), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-3'-digallate (TFDG), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3'-gallate
(TF2B), and an unidentified compound (UC) on the growth of human
liver cancer BEL-7402 cells, gastric cancer MKN-28 cells and acute
promyelocytic leukemia LH-60 cells, found that the inhibition effects of
<span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3'-gallate
(TF2B), TFDG, and UC on BEL-7402 and MKN-28 were stronger than TFs.
The relationship coefficients between monomer concentration and its
inhibition rate against MKN-28 and BEL-7402 were 0.87 and 0.98 for
TF2B, 0.96 and 0.98 for UC, respectively. The IC50 values of TFs, TF2B,
and TFDG were 0.18, 0.11, and 0.16 mM on BEL-7402 cells, and 1.11,
0.22, and 0.25 mM on MKN-28 cells respectively, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> monomers inhibit the cancer cells growth in vitro</span>" by Tu YY, Tang AB, Watanabe N.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. </span><span class="st" style="font-weight: bold;">Leukemia </span><br />
in the investigation of the inhibitory effects of five tea polyphenols, namely theaflavin (TF1), <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
(TF2), theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3),
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and gallic acid, and propyl
gallate (PG) on xanthine oxidase (XO) found that Tea polyphenols and PG
all have potent inhibitory effects (>50%) on PMA-stimulated
superoxide production at 20 approximately 50 microM in HL-60 cells.
Gallic acid (GA) showed no inhibition under the same conditions. At 10
microM, only EGCG, TF3, and PG showed significant inhibition with
potency of PG > EGCG > TF3, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Inhibition
of xanthine oxidase and suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen
species in HL-60 cells by theaflavin-3,3'-digallate,
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and propyl gallate</span>" by Lin JK, Chen PC, Ho CT, Lin-Shiau SY.(7)<br />
<br />
9. Etc. <br />
<br />
<b>B.7.</b> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin-3'-gallate</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin-3'-gallate</span>, a
theaflavin derivative, is phytochemicals of Flavan-3-ols, in the group
of Flavonoids (polyphenols) found abundantly in green and black tea.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Antioxidant capacities</span><br />
In the comparison of TF derivatives (theaflavin (TF(1)), <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
(TF(2)A), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF(2)B), and
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF(3))) in scavenging reactive oxygen
species (ROS) in vitro, indicated that positive antioxidant capacities
of TF(2)B on singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and
the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro were found,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Evaluation of the antioxidant effects of four main theaflavin derivatives through chemiluminescence and DNA damage analyses</span>" by Wu YY, Li W, Xu Y, Jin EH, Tu YY.(1)<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Antimicrobial activities</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of seven green tea
catechins and four black tea theaflavins, found that
(-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate,
(-)-catechin-3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3,
3'-digallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, and <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
showed antimicrobial activities at nanomolar levels; (ii) most
compounds were more active than were medicinal antibiotics, such as
tetracycline or vancomycin, at comparable concentrations; (iii) the
bactericidal activities of the teas could be accounted for by the levels
of catechins and theaflavins as determined by high-pressure liquid
chromatography; (iv) freshly prepared tea infusions were more active
than day-old teas; and (v) tea catechins without gallate side chains,
gallic acid and the alkaloids caffeine and theobromine also present
in teas, and herbal (chamomile and peppermint) teas that contain no
flavonoids are all inactive, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial activities of tea catechins and theaflavins and tea extracts against Bacillus cereus</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Friedman%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Friedman M, Henika PR, Levin CE, Mandrell RE, Kozukue N.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Edema, 4. anti inflammation</span><br />
found that a single topical application of equimolar of black tea constituents (TF, <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>,
theaflavin-3'-gallate, and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate) strongly
inhibited TPA-induced edema of mouse ears. Application of TFs mixture to
mouse ears 20 min prior to each TPA application once a day for 4
days inhibited TPA-induced persistent inflammation, as well as
TPA-induced increase in IL-1beta and IL-6 protein levels. TFs also
inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism via both cyclooxygenase
(COX) and lipoxygenase pathways, according to "I<span style="font-weight: bold;">nhibitory
effects of black tea theaflavin derivatives on
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and
arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse ears</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Huang%20MT%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Huang MT, Liu Y, Ramji D, Lo CY, Ghai G, Dushenkov S, Ho CT.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Allergic effect</span><br />
In the investigation of the preventive effects of black tea theaflavins, <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate (3-TF) and <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), on oxazolone-induced type IV allergy in male ICR mice.<br />
found that oral administration of 3-TF(<span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate)
and TFDG at a dose of 50 mg kg(-1) body weight prevented the
increases in levels of some proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-12
(IL-12), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumour necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Preventive effects of black tea theaflavins against mouse type IV allergy</span>" by Yoshino K, Yamazaki K, Sano M.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Anti cancers</span><br />
In the investigation of the inhibition effects of tea theaflavins complex (TFs), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-3'-digallate (TFDG), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3'-gallate
(TF2B), and an unidentified compound (UC) on the growth of human
liver cancer BEL-7402 cells, gastric cancer MKN-28 cells and acute
promyelocytic leukemia LH-60 cells, found that the inhibition effects of
<span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3'-gallate
(TF2B), TFDG, and UC on BEL-7402 and MKN-28 were stronger than TFs.
The relationship coefficients between monomer concentration and its
inhibition rate against MKN-28 and BEL-7402 were 0.87 and 0.98 for
TF2B, 0.96 and 0.98 for UC, respectively. The IC50 values of TFs, TF2B,
and TFDG were 0.18, 0.11, and 0.16 mM on BEL-7402 cells, and 1.11,
0.22, and 0.25 mM on MKN-28 cells respectively, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> monomers inhibit the cancer cells growth in vitro</span>" by Tu YY, Tang AB, Watanabe N.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. </span><span class="st" style="font-weight: bold;">Leukemia </span><br />
in the investigation of the inhibitory effects of five tea polyphenols, namely theaflavin (TF1), <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
(TF2), theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3),
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and gallic acid, and propyl
gallate (PG) on xanthine oxidase (XO) found that Tea polyphenols and PG
all have potent inhibitory effects (>50%) on PMA-stimulated
superoxide production at 20 approximately 50 microM in HL-60 cells.
Gallic acid (GA) showed no inhibition under the same conditions. At 10
microM, only EGCG, TF3, and PG showed significant inhibition with
potency of PG > EGCG > TF3, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Inhibition
of xanthine oxidase and suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen
species in HL-60 cells by theaflavin-3,3'-digallate,
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and propyl gallate</span>" by Lin JK, Chen PC, Ho CT, Lin-Shiau SY.(6)<br />
<br />
8. Etc. <br />
<br />
<b>B.8. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate</b><br />
<b>Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate</b>, a theaflavin derivative, is phytochemicals of
Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols) found
abundantly in green and black tea.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Antioxidant capacities</span><br />
In the comparison of TF derivatives (theaflavin (TF(1)), <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
(TF(2)A), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF(2)B), and
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF(3))) in scavenging reactive oxygen
species (ROS) in vitro, indicated that positive antioxidant capacities
of TF(2)B on singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and
the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro were found,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Evaluation of the antioxidant effects of four main theaflavin derivatives through chemiluminescence and DNA damage analyses</span>" by Wu YY, Li W, Xu Y, Jin EH, Tu YY.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Antimicrobial activities</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of seven green tea
catechins and four black tea theaflavins, found that
(-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate,
(-)-catechin-3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3,
3'-digallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, and <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
showed antimicrobial activities at nanomolar levels; (ii) most
compounds were more active than were medicinal antibiotics, such as
tetracycline or vancomycin, at comparable concentrations; (iii) the
bactericidal activities of the teas could be accounted for by the levels
of catechins and theaflavins as determined by high-pressure liquid
chromatography; (iv) freshly prepared tea infusions were more active
than day-old teas; and (v) tea catechins without gallate side chains,
gallic acid and the alkaloids caffeine and theobromine also present
in teas, and herbal (chamomile and peppermint) teas that contain no
flavonoids are all inactive, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial activities of tea catechins and theaflavins and tea extracts against Bacillus cereus</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Friedman%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Friedman M, Henika PR, Levin CE, Mandrell RE, Kozukue N.(2)<br />
<br />
3.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Edema, 4. anti inflammation</span><br />
found that a single topical application of equimolar of black tea constituents (TF, <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>,
theaflavin-3'-gallate, and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate) strongly
inhibited TPA-induced edema of mouse ears. Application of TFs mixture to
mouse ears 20 min prior to each TPA application once a day for 4
days inhibited TPA-induced persistent inflammation, as well as
TPA-induced increase in IL-1beta and IL-6 protein levels. TFs also
inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism via both cyclooxygenase
(COX) and lipoxygenase pathways, according to "I<span style="font-weight: bold;">nhibitory
effects of black tea theaflavin derivatives on
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and
arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse ears</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Huang%20MT%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Huang MT, Liu Y, Ramji D, Lo CY, Ghai G, Dushenkov S, Ho CT.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Allergic effect</span><br />
In the investigation of the preventive effects of black tea theaflavins, <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate (3-TF) and <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), on oxazolone-induced type IV allergy in male ICR mice.<br />
found that oral administration of 3-TF(<span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate)
and TFDG at a dose of 50 mg kg(-1) body weight prevented the
increases in levels of some proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-12
(IL-12), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumour necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Preventive effects of black tea theaflavins against mouse type IV allergy</span>" by Yoshino K, Yamazaki K, Sano M.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6</span>. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti cancers</span><br />
In the investigation of the inhibition effects of tea theaflavins complex (TFs), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-3'-digallate (TFDG), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3'-gallate
(TF2B), and an unidentified compound (UC) on the growth of human
liver cancer BEL-7402 cells, gastric cancer MKN-28 cells and acute
promyelocytic leukemia LH-60 cells, found that the inhibition effects of
<span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3'-gallate
(TF2B), TFDG, and UC on BEL-7402 and MKN-28 were stronger than TFs.
The relationship coefficients between monomer concentration and its
inhibition rate against MKN-28 and BEL-7402 were 0.87 and 0.98 for
TF2B, 0.96 and 0.98 for UC, respectively. The IC50 values of TFs, TF2B,
and TFDG were 0.18, 0.11, and 0.16 mM on BEL-7402 cells, and 1.11,
0.22, and 0.25 mM on MKN-28 cells respectively, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> monomers inhibit the cancer cells growth in vitro</span>" by Tu YY, Tang AB, Watanabe N.(5)<br />
<br />
7.<span class="st" style="font-weight: bold;"> Leukemia </span><br />
in the investigation of the inhibitory effects of five tea polyphenols, namely theaflavin (TF1), <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
(TF2), theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3),
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and gallic acid, and propyl
gallate (PG) on xanthine oxidase (XO) found that Tea polyphenols and PG
all have potent inhibitory effects (>50%) on PMA-stimulated
superoxide production at 20 approximately 50 microM in HL-60 cells.
Gallic acid (GA) showed no inhibition under the same conditions. At 10
microM, only EGCG, TF3, and PG showed significant inhibition with
potency of PG > EGCG > TF3, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Inhibition
of xanthine oxidase and suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen
species in HL-60 cells by theaflavin-3,3'-digallate,
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and propyl gallate</span>" by Lin JK, Chen PC, Ho CT, Lin-Shiau SY.(6)<br />
<br />
8. Etc. <br />
<br />
<b>B.9.</b> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Thearubigin</span> <br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Thearubigin</span> with reddish
colour, is a phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids
(polyphenols), formed in tea leaves during <span class="mw-redirect">fermentation</span>.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Tetanus toxin</span><br />
In the elucidation of the mechanism of the protective effect of black tea extract's <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span> fraction against the action of tetanus toxin, found that <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span> fraction mixed with tetanus toxin blocked the inhibitory effect of the toxin. Mixing iodinated toxin with <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span> fraction inhibited the specific binding of [125I]tetanus toxin to the synaptosomal membrane preparation. The effects of <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span> fraction were dose-dependent, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">A mechanism of the </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">thearubigin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> fraction of black tea (Camellia sinensis) extract protecting against the effect of tetanus toxin</span>" by Satoh E, Ishii T, Shimizu Y, Sawamura S, Nishimura M.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Inflammatory bowel disease </span><br />
in the examination of examine the protective effects of <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span>,
an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant beverage derivative, on
2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice, a
model for inflammatory bowel disease, found that pretreatment of mice
with <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span>
(40 mg kg(-1) day(-1), i.g. for 10 days) significantly ameliorated
the appearance of diarrhoea and the disruption of colonic
architecture. Higher dose (100 mg kg(-1)) had comparable effects. This
was associated with a significant reduction in the degree of both
neutrophil infiltration and lipid peroxidation in the inflamed colon
as well as decreased serine protease activity. <span class="highlight">Thearubigin</span>
also reduced the levels of NO and O(2)(-) associated with the
favourable expression of T-helper 1 cytokines and iNOS, according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Thearubigin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, the major polyphenol of black tea, ameliorates mucosal injury in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Maity%20S%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Maity S, Ukil A, Karmakar S, Datta N, Chaudhuri T, Vedasiromoni JR, Ganguly DK, Das PK.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Prostate cancers</span><br />
In the comparison of the anti-proliferative effect of black tea (Camellia sinensis) polyphenol, <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span>
(TR), alone or combined with the isoflavone genistein, on human
prostate (PC-3) carcinoma cells, found that TR administered alone did
not result in any alteration of cell growth. When combined with
genistein, however, TR significantly inhibited cell growth and induced a
G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in a dose dependent manner. These
findings indicate the potential use of combined phytochemicals to
provide protection against prostate cancer, according to " <span style="font-weight: bold;">Synergistic effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">thearubigin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and genistein on human prostate tumor cell (PC-3) growth via cell cycle arrest</span>" by Sakamoto K.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. </span><span class="st" style="font-weight: bold;"><i>A375</i> melanoma <i>cells</i></span><br />
In
the observation of observed the role of the three most important MAPK
(ERK, JNK, and p38) in TF- and TR-induced apoptosis, found that TF and
TR treatment induces a time-dependent increase in intracellular
reactive oxygen species generation in A375 cells. Interestingly,
treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cystein inhibits TF- and
TR-induced JNK and p38 activation as well as induction of cell death in
A375 cells. We also provide evidence demonstrating the critical role
of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 in TF- and TR-induced
apoptosis in A375 cells, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Role of oxidation-triggered activation of JNK and p38 MAPK in black tea polyphenols induced apoptotic death of A375 cells</span>" by Bhattacharya U, Halder B, Mukhopadhyay S, Giri AK.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Anticlastogenic effects </span><br />
In
the investigation of potent antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effects
of TF and TR in vitro in human cells in vitro, found that a
significant decrease in both CA and MN were observed in the human
lymphocyte cultures treated with either TF or TR pretreated with either
B[a]P or AFB1 (250, 500, 1000 microg/ml) when compared with B[a]P or
AFB1 treated cultures alone. TF shows more protective effects than TR
in this in vitro system. These results indicate that both TF and TR
have significant anticlastogenic effects in vitro in human
lymphocytes, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anticlastogenic effects of black tea polyphenols theaflavins and thearubigins in human lymphocytes in vitro</span>" by Halder B, Pramanick S, Mukhopadhyay S, Giri AK.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Antioxidative properties</span><br />
In
the review of the different issues and studies relating to
composition, manufacturing, and antioxidative effects of black tea and
its components in vitro as well as in vivo, found that Antioxidative
properties of black tea are manifested by its ability to inhibit free
radical generation, scavenge free radicals, and chelate transition
metal ions. Black tea, as well as individual theaflavins, can influence
activation of transcription factors such as NFkappaB or AP-1,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antioxidative properties of black tea</span>" by Łuczaj W, Skrzydlewska E.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 system</span><br />
In
the investigation of Theaflavins and theafulvins, a fraction of
thearubigins, isolated from aqueous infusions of black tea, and their
effects on the hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 system, found
that treatment with theafulvins and theaflavins reduced the apoprotein
levels. A single band in the cytochrome P450 region was evident when
the intestinal microsomes were probed with antibodies to CYP4A1 but the
level of expression was not affected by the treatment with the black
tea polyphenols, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 and conjugase activities in rats treated with black tea theafulvins and theaflavins</span>" by Catterall F, McArdle NJ, Mitchell L, Papayanni A, Clifford MN, Ioannides C.(7)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. Chronic myeloid leukemia</span><br />
In the observation of the anticancer effect of black tea (BT) and its polyphenols theaflavin (TF) and <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span>
(TR) on U-937 cell line, a myeloid leukemic cell line and on
leukemic cells isolated from peripheral blood of chronic myeloid
leukemia (CML), found that BT, TF and TR. MTT assay showed growth
inhibition of metabolically active cells and inhibition of DNA
synthesis was observed by 3H-Thymidine incorporation after treatment
with the compounds. In all cases TF and TR were more effective than BT,
suggesting that these are possibly the active components in BT
responsible for its antileukemic activity, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Studies with black tea and its constituents on leukemic cells and cell lines</span>" by Das M, Chaudhuri T, Goswami SK, Murmu N, Gomes A, Mitra S, Besra SE, Sur P, Vedasiromoni JR.(8)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. Oxidative stress</span><br />
In
the investigation of scavenging property of black tea and catechins,
the major flavonols of tea-leaf, against damage by oxidative stress,
found that Black tea extract in comparison to free catechins seemed to
be a better protecting agent against various types of oxidative
stress. Apparently, conversion of catechins to partially polymerized
products such as theaflavin or <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span> during 'fermentation' process for making black tea has no deleterious effect on its scavenging properties, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Protective role of black tea against oxidative damage of human red blood cells</span>" by Halder J, Bhaduri AN.(9)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Antioxidative effects</span><br />
In the study of the antioxidative activity of theaflavins (TFs) and <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span>
(TR) purified from the infusion of black tea leaves, using the
tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver
homogenates, found that activity of black tea was about as potent as
that of green tea. These results suggest that black tea infusion
containing TFs and TR could inhibit lipid peroxidation in biological
conditions in the same way as green tea infusion containing
epicatechins, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antioxidative effects of black tea theaflavins and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">thearubigin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> on lipid peroxidation of rat liver homogenates induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide</span>" by Yoshino K, Hara Y, Sano M, Tomita I.(10)<br />
<br />
11. Etc.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Pharmacy In Vegetables</span><br />
<a href="http://469f5g0fi9un1htqxo0f-lck7l.hop.clickbank.net/">Use the science behind the health benefits of vegetables<br />to improve your health, delay aging and cure major diseases.</a><br />
<h1>
</h1>
For other phytochemicals articles, please visit<a href="http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/2011/10/phytochemicals-health-benefits.html"> http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/2011/10/phytochemicals-health-benefits.html</a><br />
other health articles, please visit<br />
<a href="http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/">http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/</a><br />
<br />
<b>C. Quoted From Foods to prevent and treat diseases</b><br />
<b>1. Dementia</b><br />
Green tea contains more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food
with the same volume, and is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone
minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China. Green tea
has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used
exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Because
of their health benefits, they have been cultivated for commercial
purposes all over the world. Some researchers suggested that the
catechin polyphenols constituents of green tea, which were for long time
regarded merely as dietary <span class="highlight">antioxidants</span>,
have caught our and other scientist's attention because of their
diverse pharmacological activities, which have been allied to a possible
beneficial action on brain health. This review will elaborate on the
impact of nutritional supplementation on brain function in general, and
provide a compilation of the most updated literature on epidemiology,
clinical and animal studies with green tea polyphenols in ageassociated
cognitive decline and in fighting neurodegenerative diseases(1).<br />
<br />
2. <b>Anxiety </b><br />
<b>Green tea</b><br />
In the study of to examine the acute effects of L-theanine in comparison with a standard
benzodiazepine anxiolytic, alprazolam and placebo on behavioural
measures of <span class="highlight">anxiety</span> in healthy human subjects using the model of anticipatory <span class="highlight">anxiety</span> (AA), indicated that some evidence for relaxing effects of L-theanine during the baseline
condition on the tranquil-troubled subscale of the VAMS. Alprazolam did
not exert any anxiolytic effects in comparison with the placebo on any
of the measures during the relaxed state. Neither L-theanine nor
alprazalam had any significant anxiolytic effects during the
experimentally induced <span class="highlight">anxiety</span> state(1). Others study suggested that L-theanine does not produce anxiolysis by modulation of the GABAA
receptor; however, in combination with midazolam, a synergistic or
additive effect was demonstrated by decreased <span class="highlight">anxiety</span>
and both fine and basic motor movements. These data may provide
direction for further studies examining L-theanine and its effects on <span class="highlight">anxiety</span> and motor activity(2). <br />
<br />
<b>3. Autism</b><br />
In the study to investigate the role of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract in reversing cardinal behavioral changes and aberrations in
oxidative stress induced by valproate exposure. Young mice of both
genders received a single dose of valproate (400mg/kg subcutaneously) on
postnatal day 14 followed by a daily dose of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract (75 and 300mg/kg) orally up to postnatal day 40, showed that a
significant improvement in behavioral assessments particularly with
300mg/kg of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract. Formation of markers of oxidative stress was reduced at both
dose levels. Histological findings confirm the neuroprotective effect of
<span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> at a dose of 300mg/kg. In conclusion it can be stated that <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
exerts neuronal cytoprotective action possibly due to anti-oxidant
action and could be efficacious in the management of autism(3).<br />
<br />
4. <b><span class="highlight">Alzheimer's disease</span></b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Epigallocatechin</span>, including
catechins, is a phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of
Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in green tea, St John wort,
black Tea, carob flour, Fuji apples, etc.<br />
In the investgation of the <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> compound epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in inhibition of <span class="highlight">Alzheimer's disease</span> β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) neurotoxicity, showed that EGCG interferes with the aromatic hydrophobic core of Aβ. The C-terminal
part of the Aβ peptide (residues 22-39) adopts a β-sheet conformation,
whereas the N-terminus (residues 1-20) is unstructured. The
characteristic salt bridge involving residues D23 and K28 is present in
the structure of these oligomeric Aβ aggregates as well. The structural
analysis of small-molecule-induced amyloid aggregates will open new
perspectives for <span class="highlight">Alzheimer's disease</span> drug developmen(4). <br />
<br />
5. <b>Osteoarthritis </b><br />
<span class="highlight">In the review of </span><span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>'s
active ingredient, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), dr. Ahmed S. at
the College of Pharmacy summarized that the limitations of the dose,
pharmacokinetics, and
bioavailability of EGCG in experimental animals and findings related to
the EGCG-drug interaction. Although these findings provide scientific
evidence of the anti-rheumatic activity of EGCG, further preclinical
studies are warranted before phase clinical trials could be initiated
with confidence for patients with joint diseases(5).<br />
<br />
6. <b>Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)</b><br />
EGCG in experimental animals and findings related to the EGCG-drug
interaction. Although these findings provide scientific evidence of the
anti-rheumatic activity of EGCG, further preclinical studies are
warranted before phase clinical trials could be initiated with
confidence for patients with joint diseases(6).<br />
<br />
7. <b>Coronary heart disease and diabetes</b><br />
Green tea contains
more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food with the same
volume, and is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone minimal
oxidation during processing, originated from China. Green tea has been a
precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in
socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Because of their
health benefits, they have been cultivated for commercial purposes all
over the world.<br />
a. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol<br />In the investigation of </span>theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract in association with cholesterol levels of the study of "<span class="highlight">Cholesterol</span>-lowering effect of a theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract: a randomized controlled trial" by Maron DJ, Lu GP, Cai NS, Wu
ZG, Li YH, Chen H, Zhu JQ, Jin XJ, Wouters BC, Zhao J.(5), researchers
found that The theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract is an effective adjunct to a low-saturated-fat diet to
reduce LDL-C in hypercholesterolemic adults and is well tolerated.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"> b. Immune system</span><br />
In the investigation of the immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract in rain bow of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (Camellia sinensis) on the </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">immune system</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Sheikhzadeh%20N%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Sheikhzadeh N, Nofouzi K, Delazar A, Oushani AK.(6), researchers found that showed that decaffeinated <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> in lower doses of administration could be optimum to enhance the immunity of rainbow trout. <br />
c. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Antioxidant Activity</span><br />
In the investigation of l-Theanine is a unique amino acid in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea effects </span>on ethanol-induced liver injury of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">l-Theanine prevents alcoholic liver injury through enhancing the </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">antioxidant</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> capability of hepatocytes"</span>
by Li G, Ye Y, Kang J, Yao X, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Gao M, Dai Y, Xin Y,
Wang Q, Yin Z, Luo L(7), researchers found that l-theanine
significantly inhibited ethanol-induced reduction of mouse <span class="highlight">antioxidant</span>
capability which included the activities of SOD, CAT and GR, and level
of GSH. These results indicated that l-theanine prevented
ethanol-induced liver injury through enhancing hepatocyte <span class="highlight">antioxidant</span> abilities.<br />
<b>d. Diabetes</b><br />
In the evaluation of Abstract <span class="highlight">Tea</span> (Camellia sinensis) effects in type II diabetes management of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti-Hyperglycemia Properties of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (Camellia sinensis) Bioactives Using In Vitro Assay Models and Influence of Extraction Time</span>" by.Ankolekar C, Terry T, Johnson K, Johnson D, Barbosa AC, Shetty K(8), researchers wrote that <span class="highlight">tea</span> offers an attractive potential strategy to regulate postprandial hyperglycemia toward an overall dietary support for type 2 <span class="highlight">diabetes</span> management.<br />
<br />
<br />
8. <b>Cataracts</b><br />
In the study to evaluate the effect of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in cultured rabbit lens
epithelial cells in order to pave a new way to postcapsular opacity
(PCO) prevention, found that <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">Tea</span>
Constituent(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate could inhibit cultured rabbit
lens epithelial cells proliferation by inducing their apoptosis in the
concentration used by us, which indicates that it is possible to prevent
PCO by using herb extract(7).<br />
<br />
<br />
9. <b>Chlamydia</b> <br />
Biosynthesized tea polyphenols showed antichlamydial activity against <span class="highlight">Chlamydia</span>
trachomatis D/UW-3/Cx and L2/434/Bu using cell culture. The most active
compounds were (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epicatechin
gallate, followed by (-)-epicatechin (EC). (+)-Epicatechin and
(-)-epigallocatechin were intermediate(4). other researchers found In
vitro inhibitory effects of tea polyphenols on the proliferation of <span class="highlight">Chlamydia</span> trachomatis and <span class="highlight">Chlamydia</span> pneumoniae(8).<br />
<br />
<br />
10. <b>Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)</b><br />
In the study to investigate <span class="highlight">chronic</span> <span class="highlight">fatigue</span> produced in mice by subjecting them to forced swim inside a
rectangular jar of specific dimensions for 6 min. daily for 15 days.
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o., showed that behavioural
and biochemical alterations were restored after <span class="highlight">chronic</span> treatment with EGCG. The present study points out that EGCG could be of therapeutic potential in the treatment of <span class="highlight">chronic</span> <span class="highlight">fatigue(9)</span>.<br />
<br />
<br />
11. <b><span class="st">Autoimmune diseases</span></b><br />
<span class="st">In the review of </span>supplemented by hitherto unpublished data of the authors and
their coworkers, shows that the intake of polyphenols contained in
natural sources, such as <b>hydroxytyrosol, <span class="highlight">tyrosol</span>,
oleuropein (olives)</b>, <b>naringin and hesperidin (Citrus fruits)</b>,
<b>resveratrol, procyanidins or oligomeric procyanidin (grapes or grape
seed extracts</b>), <b>(-)-epigallocatechin gallate (green tea) and quercetin
(grapes, green tea</b>) etc., are able to modulate chronic inflammatory <span class="highlight">diseases</span>, such as type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel <span class="highlight">disease</span>, etc(10).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
12. <b>Candidiasis</b><br />
In the study of the effects of 4 different concentrations of <b>catechins and theaflavins</b>
were evaluated on 5 isolates each of 5 Candida species employing an agar
diffusion growth inhibition assay, showed that both <span class="highlight">polyphenols</span> showed <span class="highlight">anti-Candida</span> <span class="highlight">activity</span>
against all tested Candida species and demonstrated a MIC of 6.25 mg/ml
for C. albicans. C. glabrata was found to be the most sensitive species
followed by C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, C. krusei and C. tropicalis
(p < 0.05 for all). Significant intraspecies variations in
sensitivity were noted among C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis (p <
0.001) for both <span class="highlight">polyphenols</span>.
Theaflavins displayed standard PAFE while catechins showed a
paradoxical PAFE with all isolates of C. albicans. SEM revealed
considerable cell wall damage of C. albicans cells exposed to the <span class="highlight">polyphenols(11).</span><br />
<br />
<b><span class="highlight">13. </span><span class="highlight">Stroke</span></b><br />
<span class="highlight">In the review of the emerging evidence for <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> in <span class="highlight">stroke</span> prevention, showed that <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
is a safe and cheap beverage. Its consumption should be encouraged
because it could potentially serve as a practical method for <span class="highlight">stroke</span> prevention(4). Other suggested that Potential mechanisms by which <span class="highlight">tea</span>
and coffee phytochemicals can exert effects for CVD protection include
the regulation of vascular tone through effects on endothelial function,
improved glucose metabolism, increased reverse cholesterol transport
and inhibition of foam cell formation, inhibition of oxidative stress,
immunomodulation and effects on platelet function (adhesion and
activation, aggregation and clotting). The phytochemical compounds in <span class="highlight">tea</span>
and coffee and their metabolites are suggested to influence protective
endogenous pathways by modulation of gene-expression. It is not known
exactly which compounds are responsible for the suggestive protective
effects of <span class="highlight">tea</span> and coffee. Although many biologically active compounds have been identified with known biological effects, <span class="highlight">tea</span> and coffee contain many unidentified compounds with potential bioactivity(12). </span><br />
<br />
<b>14. Depression</b><br />
In the study to investigate the antidepressant-like effects and the possible mechanism of action of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> in widely used mouse models of <span class="highlight">depression</span>, found that GTP has antidepressant-like effects, and this action did not induce nonspecific motor changes in mice. <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
polyphenols also reduced serum corticosterone and ACTH levels in mice
exposed to the FST. The present study demonstrated that GTP exerts
antidepressant-like effects in a mouse behavioral models of <span class="highlight">depression</span>, and the mechanism may involve inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis(13). <br />
<br />
15. <b>Crohn's disease</b><br />
The bioactive compound epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major component of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>,
has been shown to target histamine-producing cells producing great
alterations in their behavior, with relevant effects on their
proliferative potential, as well as their adhesion, migration, and
invasion potentials. EGCG has been shown to have potent anti-inflammatory, anti-tumoral, and
anti-angiogenic effects and to be a potent inhibitor of the
histamine-producing enzyme, histidine decarboxylase. Herein, we review
the many specific effects of EGCG on concrete molecular targets of
histamine-producing cells and discuss the relevance of these data to
support the potential therapeutic interest of this compound to treat
inflammation-dependent diseases(14).<b> </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>16. <b>Endometriosis</b></b><br />
In the study to evaluate the antiangiogenesis mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in an <span class="highlight">endometriosis</span>
model in vivo. Dr. Xu H, and the research team atThe Chinese University
of Hong Kong, showed that GCG, but not vitamin E, inhibited
microvessels in endometriotic
implants. EGCG selectively suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor
C (VEGFC) and tyrosine kinase receptor VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2)
expression. EGCG down-regulated VEGFC/VEGFR2 signaling through c-JUN,
interferon-γ, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and chemokine (C-X-C motif)
ligand 3 pathways for endothelial proliferation, inflammatory response,
and mobility. EGCG also suppressed VEGFC expression and reduced VEGFR2
and ERK activation in endothelial cells. VEGFC supplementation
attenuated the inhibitory effects by EGCG(15).<br />
<br />
17. <b><span class="st">Fibroids</span></b><br />
<span class="st">In the study </span>to investigate the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on rat <span class="highlight">leiomyoma</span>
(ELT3) cells in vitro and in a nude mice model, found that Inhibitory
effect of EGCG (200 micromol/L) on ELT3 cells was observed
after 24 hours of treatment (P < .05). At > or = 50 micromol/L,
EGCG significantly decreased PCNA and Cdk4 protein levels (P < .05).
In vivo, EGCG treatment dramatically reduced the volume and weight of <span class="highlight">tumors</span>
at 4 and 8 weeks after the treatment (P < .05). The PCNA and Cdk4
protein levels were significantly reduced in the EGCG-treated group (P
< .05)(1). Others suggested that the <span class="highlight">tumors</span> in
the EGCG fed birds were smaller than those found in the control birds (P
= .001). Serum and liver malondialdehyde and TNF-alpha concentrations
decreased (P = .001) with EGCG supplementation. The results indicate
that dietary supplementation with EGCG reduces the incidence and size of
spontaneously occurring <span class="highlight">leiomyoma</span>
of the oviduct in Japanese quail. Clinical trials should be conducted
to investigate the efficacy of EGCG supplementation in the prevention
and treatment of uterine <span class="highlight">leiomyoma</span> in humans(16). <br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>18. Flu (influenza) </b><br />
<b> </b><span class="st">In </span>an observational study to determine the association between <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption and the incidence of <span class="highlight">influenza</span> infection among schoolchildren, showed that the adjusted OR associated with the consumption of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> for ≥6 d/wk compared with <3 d/wk was 0.60 [(95% CI = 0.39-0.92); P = 0.02] in cases of <span class="highlight">influenza</span>
confirmed by the antigen test. Meanwhile, the adjusted OR inversely
associated with the consumption of 1 cup/d to <3 cups/d (1 cup = 200
mL) and 3-5 cups/d compared with <1 cup/d were 0.62 [(95% CI =
0.41-0.95); P = 0.03] and 0.54 [(95% CI = 0.30-0.94); P = 0.03],
respectively. However, there was no significant association with the
consumption of >5 cups/d. Our findings thus suggest that the
consumption of 1-5 cups/d of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> may prevent <span class="highlight">influenza</span> infection in children(17).<br />
<br />
18. <b><span class="articleText">Hepatitis</span></b><br />
Quercetin, a ubiquitous plant flavonoid, has been identified to inhibit NS3
activity in a specific dose-dependent manner in an in vitro catalysis
assay, showed that<span class="articleText"> </span>quercetin has a direct inhibitory effect on the HCV NS3 protease. These
results point to the potential of quercetin as a natural nontoxic
anti-HCV agent reducing viral production by inhibiting both NS3 and heat
shock proteins essential for HCV replication(18). <br />
<br />
19. <b> Herpes</b><br />
Researchers at the Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, in the study of<br />
Digallate dimers of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate inactivate <span class="highlight">herpes simplex virus, found that</span> all EGCG dimers inactivated enveloped viruses with class I, class II,
and class III (HSV-1, HSV-2) fusion proteins more effectively than did
monomeric EGCG. EGCG had no activity against the nonenveloped viruses
tested, but TF-3 reduced the titer of 4 of 5 nonenveloped viruses by ≅2
to 3.5 log(10). Results also showed that HSV-1 glycoprotein B (gB) was
aggregated more rapidly by theasinensin A than EGCG, which, when taken
together with the nonenveloped <span class="highlight">virus</span>
data, suggests that dimers may inhibit the function of viral proteins
required for infectivity. Digallate dimers of EGCG appear to have
excellent potential as microbicidal agents against HSV at acidic and
neutral pHs(19).<br />
<br />
20. <b>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)</b><br />
In thye study to investigate the effects of EGCG on Tat-induced <span class="highlight">HIV</span>-1
transactivation and potential mechanisms by which EGCG inhibited
activation of NF-κB pathway, found that EGCG supplementation
significantly improved the changes associated with
Tat-induced oxidative stress by increasing nuclear levels of Nrf2,
decreasing levels of NF-κB and ROS production. EGCG reversed
Tat-mediated AKT activation and AMPK inhibition in MAGI cells. EGCG
inhibited Tat-induced LTR transactivation in a dose-dependent manner and
Nrf2 signaling pathway may be the primary target for prevention of
Tat-induced <span class="highlight">HIV</span>-1
transactivation by EGCG, and EGCG also reduce NF-κB activation by
inhibiting AKT signaling pathway and activating AMPK signaling pathway(20). <br />
<br />
21. <b>Cholesterol </b><br />
<i><i> </i></i>Drinking multiple cups of <span class="highlight">tea</span> per day is associated with lowering low-density lipoprotein <span class="highlight">cholesterol</span> (LDL-C). In the study of the impact of a theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract on the lipids and lipoproteins of subjects with mild to
moderate hypercholesterolemia, indicated that theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract is an effective adjunct to a low-saturated-fat diet
to reduce LDL-C in hypercholesterolemic adults and is well tolerated(21).<br />
<br />
22. <b> HPV (human papilloma virus)</b><br />
In the study of the inhibitory effects on a variety of enzymatic and
metabolic pathways involved in cancer development, showed that
Sinecatechins demonstrated growth inhibitory potential in all four human
papillomavirus-infected tumor cell lines, which may be attributed to
the induction of apoptosis, mediated by cell cycle deregulation. In
addition, this antiproliferative effect may contribute to the overall
cancer-preventative function and possible direct antiviral activity of
sinecatechins that may contribute to external genital and perianal warts
clearance(22). <br />
<br />
23. <b>hypertension</b><br />
In the study to to examine the hypothesis that supplementation with GT alters insulin
resistance and associated cardiovascular risk factors in obese,
hypertensive patients, showed that supplementation also contributed to significant (P < .05) decreases
in the total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides,
but an increase in <span class="highlight">high</span>-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In conclusion, daily supplementation with 379 mg of GTE favorably influences <span class="highlight">blood</span> <span class="highlight">pressure</span>, insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress, and lipid profile in patients with obesity-related <span class="highlight">hypertension(23)</span>.<br />
<br />
<br />
24. <b><span class="st">Genital herpes</span></b><br />
<span class="highlight">EGCG</span> has
greater anti-HSV activity than other green tea catechins and inactivates
multiple clinical isolates of HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2. <span class="highlight">EGCG</span> reduced HSV-2 titers by >or=1,000-fold in 10 to 20 min and reduced HSV-1 titers by the same amount in 30 to 40 min(24).<br />
<br />
25.<b> Gallstone</b> <br />
In the study to evaluate the effects of <span class="highlight">tea</span>
consumption on the risk of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones.
The study included 627 incident cases with biliary tract cancer, 1,037
cases with biliary stones and 959 randomly selected controls with Forty-one percent of the controls were ever <span class="highlight">tea</span> drinkers, defined as those who consumed at least 1 cup of <span class="highlight">tea</span> per day for at least 6 months, showed that . After adjustment for age, education and body mass index, among women, ever <span class="highlight">tea</span>
drinkers had significantly reduced risks of biliary stones (OR = 0.73,
95% CI = 0.54-0.98) and gallbladder cancer (OR = 0.56, 95% CI =
0.38-0.83). The inverse relationship between <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption and gallbladder cancer risk was independent of gallstone disease(25).<br />
<br />
26. <b><span class="st">Liver disease</span></b><br />
<span class="st">In the study to evaluate</span> the association between consumption of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> and various serum markers in a Japanese population, with special reference to preventive effects of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> against cardiovascular disease and disorders of the <span class="highlight">liver</span>, found that Increased consumption of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
was associated with decreased serum concentrations of total cholesterol
(P for trend < 0.001) and triglyceride (P for trend = 0.02) and an
increased proportion of high density lipoprotein cholesterol together
with a decreased proportion of low and very low lipoprotein cholesterols
(P for trend = 0.02), which resulted in a decreased atherogenic index
(P for trend = 0.02). Moreover, increased consumption of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>,
especially more than 10 cups a day, was related to decreased
concentrations of hepatological markers in serum, aspartate
aminotransferase (P for trend = 0.06), alanine transferase (P for trend =
0.07), and ferritin (P for trend = 0.02)(1). Other researchers
suggested (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a new inhibitor of
hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry. EGCG is a flavonoid present in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract belonging to the subclass of catechins(26).<br />
<br />
27. <b>Meningitis</b><br />
a. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial activities</span><br />
In the investigation of Antimicrobial <span class="highlight">activities</span> of green of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">activities</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> catechins and theaflavins and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extracts against Bacillus cereus"</span>
by Friedman M, Henika PR, Levin CE, Mandrell RE, Kozukue N.,
researchers found that flavonoids in green tea has exerted its ability
in protective effects against Bacillus cereus.(27)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">b. </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Immune system</span><br />
a. In the investigation of the immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract in rain bow of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (Camellia sinensis) on the </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">immune system</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Sheikhzadeh%20N%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Sheikhzadeh N, Nofouzi K, Delazar A, Oushani AK., researchers found that showed that decaffeinated <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> in lower doses of administration could be optimum to enhance the immunity of rainbow trout(27a)<br />
<br />
<br />
28. <b>Multiple sclerosis</b><b> </b><br />
TNFalpha, an
imflammatory cytokine has been associated with MS is inhibited by
antioxidants of green tea, according to the artcle of Alternative
Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis by David Steenblock, M.S., D.O(1).
Others sugested that the combination therapy of Glatiramer acetate (GA),
an immunomodulatory
MS therapeutic, and the neuroprotectant epigallocatechin-3-gallate
(EGCG), the main phenol in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>, have synergistic protective effects in vitro and in the EAE model(28).<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>29. Obesity</b><br />
In the study to to investigate the antiobesity effect of
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in diet-induced obese mice, showed
that <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
EGCG effectively reduces adipose tissue mass and ameliorates plasma
lipid profiles in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. These effects might
be at least partially mediated via regulation of the expression of
multiple genes involved in adipogenesis, lipolysis, beta-oxidation and
thermogenesis in white adipose tissue(29).<br />
<br />
<br />
30. <b>Osteoporosis</b><br />
n the study to investigate whether black tea polyphenol,
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG) and green tea,
epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)affect MMP activity and osteoclast
formation and differentiation in vitro, showed that TFDG and EGCG
inhibited the formation and differentiation of
osteoclasts via inhibition of MMPs. TFDG may suppress actin ring
formation more effectively than EGCG. Thus, TFDG and EGCG may be
suitable agents or lead compounds for the treatment of bone resorption
diseases(30).<br />
<br />
<br />
31. <b>Parkinson's disease</b><br />
In the study of Differential effects of black versus <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> on risk of <span class="highlight">Parkinson's disease</span> in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, found that total caffeine intake was inversely related to <span class="highlight">Parkinson's disease</span>
risk (p for trend = 0.002); the relative risk for the highest versus
lowest quartile was 0.55 (95% confidence interval: 0.35, 0.88). Black <span class="highlight">tea</span>, a caffeine-containing beverage, showed an inverse association with <span class="highlight">Parkinson's disease</span>
risk that was not confounded by total caffeine intake or tobacco
smoking (p for trend = 0.0006; adjusted relative risk for the highest
vs. lowest tertile of intake = 0.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.13,
0.67). <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> drinking was unrelated to <span class="highlight">Parkinson's disease</span> risk. Diet had no strong influence on risk. Ingredients of black <span class="highlight">tea</span> other than caffeine appear to be responsible for the beverage's inverse association with <span class="highlight">Parkinson's disease(31)</span>.<br />
<br />
<br />
32. <b>Pertussis</b><br />
In the study to evaluate the efficacy of anti bactericidal activity of <span class="highlight">tea</span> and catechins against Bordetella <span class="highlight">pertussis, indicated that </span><b>pu-erh <span class="highlight">tea</span></b>
killed the bacteria in a moderate way.<b> (-) Epigallocatechin gallate
(EGCg) and theaflavin digallate (TF3)</b> showed also marked bactericidal
activity. <b><span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> and black <span class="highlight">tea</span></b> also effectively blocked the adhesion of B. <span class="highlight">pertussis</span>
to HeLa and CHO cells, whereas ECGg and TF3 could not. EGCg and TF3
markedly inactivated leuco-lymphocytosis promoting activity of <span class="highlight">pertussis</span> toxin. Black <span class="highlight">tea</span> showed slight but significant inactivation of the activity, whereas <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> showed no inactivation(32).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
33. <b>Thyroid disorders</b><br />
In the comparison of the efficacy of polyphenolic flavonoids found in black and green tea in thyroid function, showed that <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract at 2.5 g% and 5.0 g% doses and black <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract only at 5.0 g% dose have the potential to alter the <span class="highlight">thyroid gland</span> <span class="highlight">physiology</span> and architecture, that is, enlargement of <span class="highlight">thyroid gland</span> as well as hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of the <span class="highlight">thyroid</span> follicles and inhibition of the activity of <span class="highlight">thyroid</span>
peroxidase and 5(')-deiodinase I with elevated thyroidal Na+, K+-ATPase
activity along with significant decrease in serum T3 and T4, and a
parallel increase in serum <span class="highlight">thyroid</span> stimulating hormone (TSH)(33).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
34. Etc.<br />
<br />
<b>D. Quoted From Foods to prevent and treat cancers</b><br />
<b>1. Bladder cancer </b><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight">The ingredient of (--)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in
<span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea have exerted the
protective effect to cause bladder cancer cell death. "EGCGs that were
physically attached onto the surface of nanogold particles (pNG) was confirmed
by scanning electron microscopy. The anticancer activity of the EGCG-adsorbed
pNG was investigated in C3H/HeN mice subcutaneously implanted with MBT-2 murine
<span class="highlight">bladder</span> tumor cells. EGCG-pNG was confirmed to
inhibit tumor cell growing by means of cell apoptosis" said Dr.Hsieh DS and the
research team team at National Taiwan Ocean
University(1).</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><b>2. Bone cancer </b>(<b>Osteosarcoma(35%))</b></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">Dr. Hönicke AS and the research team at University Medicine Greifswald,
in the study of The link between cancer and inflammation, found that
IL-1Ra and EGCG downregulated IL-1-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release from
U-2 OS cells by 65-85%. IL-1Ra and EGCG also reduced secretion of
invasiveness-promoting MMP-2 and pro-angiogenic VEGF to 62-75% without
affecting the metabolic response and caspase-3 activity. In conclusion,
downregulation of IL-1-induced tumorigenic factors (IL-6, IL-8, VEGF,
MMP-2) in U-2 OS by IL-1Ra and EGCG may positively affect
tumor-associated inflammation and, as a consequence, lead to reduction
in angiogenesis and invasiveness. This renders a combined administration
of EGCG and IL-1Ra a promising approach as an adjuvant therapy in
patients with <span class="highlight">osteosarcoma(2)</span>.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">3. <span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><b>Bone cancer </b>(</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><b><b>Chondrosarcoma(25%)</b><b> </b>)</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">Chondrosarcoma is a malignant primary <span class="highlight">bone</span>
tumor that responds poorly to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>, has been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis and <span class="highlight">cancer</span>
cell growth in animal models. In the study conducted by National Chung
Hsing University, Dr. Yang WH and research team indicated that EGCG
induced cell apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma cell lines but not
primary chondrocytes. EGCG induced upregulation of Bax and Bak,
downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, and dysfunction of mitochondria in
chondrosarcoma and EGCG triggered ROS and activated the ASK1-p38/JNK
pathway, resulting
chondrosarcoma cell death. Importantly, animal studies revealed a
dramatic reduction in tumor volume after 24 days of treatment(3)</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<b><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">4. Bone cancer <span class="highlight"></span>(Ewing's sarcoma(16%))</span></span></span></span></b><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">The insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) is constitutively activated in <span class="highlight">Ewing</span> family tumors (EFT) and that the major catechin derivative found in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>,
(-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), can inhibit cell proliferation and
survival of EFT cells through the inhibition of IGFIR activity, as
treatment of EFT cell lines with EGCG blocked the autophosphorylation of
IGFIR tyrosine residues and inhibited its downstream pathways including
phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt, Ras-Erk, and Jak-Stat cascades. EGCG
treatment was associated with dose- and time-dependent inhibition of
cellular proliferation, viability, and anchorage-independent growth, as
well as with the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Apoptosis
in EFT cells by EGCG correlated with altered expression of Bcl-2 family
proteins, including increased expression of proapoptotic Bax and
decreased expression of prosurvival Bcl2, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1 proteins.
Dr. Kang HG and the research team at Children's Hospital Los Angeles
suggested(4)</span></span></span></span><b><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"> </span></span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><br /></span></span></span></span></b>
<b><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">5. <b>Brain and Spinal Cord Cancer</b></span></span></span></span></b><br />
Epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), a main ingredients in green tea has
shown protective effect against brain cancer. In the study to
investigate the effect of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), the main
constituent of green tea <span class="highlight">polyphenols</span>,
on human glioblastoma cell lines U-373 MG and U-87 MG, rat glioma cell
line C6, and rat nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma cell line MtT/E,
showed that EGCG inhibited viability of MtT/E cells only at a
concentration of 100
microg/ml. Quantitative study by flow cytometry demonstrated that lower
doses of EGCG (12.5, 25, 50 microg/ml) induced apoptosis in U-373 MG,
U-87 MG, and C6 cells; however, only the highest dose (100 microg/ml)
induced apoptosis in MtT/E cells. Compared with other cell lines, MtT/E
cells showed stronger IGF-I immunoreactivity. Neutralization of IGF-I
with an antihuman IGF-I antibody reduced viability of the cell lines(5).<br />
<br />
6. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Esophageal cancer</span><br />
In the study to evaluate the relationship between <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption and the risk of <span class="highlight">esophageal cancer</span> of the 902 patients interviewed, 734 (81.4%) had their disease pathologically confirmed, showed that All analyses of <span class="highlight">tea</span>
effects were conducted separately among men and women and all were
adjusted for age. After further adjustment for other known confounders, a
protective effect of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> drinking on <span class="highlight">esophageal cancer</span>
was observed among women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50; 95% confidence
interval [CI] = 0.30-0.83), and this risk decreased (P for trend < or
= .01) as <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption increased. Among men, the ORs were also below 1.00, although not statistically significant. ORs for <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
intake were estimated among those persons who neither smoked nor drank
alcohol. In this subset, statistically significant decreases in risk
among <span class="highlight">tea</span>
drinkers were observed for both men (OR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.22-0.86; P
for trend = .05) and women (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.20-0.77; P for trend
< .001)(6).<br />
<br />
7. <b>Bowel Cancer (Colon and rectum)</b><br />
pigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenolic constituent in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea has been exerted protective effects against </span> proliferation and migration of the human <span class="highlight">colon</span> cancer SW620 cells<b>.</b> In the study of<b> </b>Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits proliferation and migration of human <span class="highlight">colon</span> cancer SW620 cells in vitro found that EGCG blocks the proliferation and migration of SW620 cells induced by
PAR2-AP and factor VIIa via inhibition of the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways.
The compound may serve as a preventive and therapeutic agent for <span class="highlight">colon cancers(7)</span>.<br />
<br />
8. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Cervical Cancer </span><br />
<span class="highlight">Phytochemicals</span> present in tea, particularly polyphenols, have anticancer properties against several <span class="highlight">cancer</span> types. In the study to investigate the mechanism of antiproliferative and apoptotic actions
exerted by tea polyphenols on human papilloma virus-18-positive HeLa <span class="highlight">cervical cancer</span> cells, showed that treatment of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
and black tea polyphenol theaflavins (TF) in HeLa cells showed a marked
concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of proliferation and
induced sub-G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner after 24 h. There was an
attenuation of mitochondrial membrane potential with the increase of
reactive oxygen species generation, p53 expression, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio,
cytochrome-c release, and cleavage of procaspase-3 and -9 and
poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase, indicating the participation of a
mitochondria related mechanism. In addition, EGCG as well as TF
inhibited activation of Akt and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) via
blocking phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of inhibitor of
kappaBalpha and kappaBbeta subunits, thereby downregulating
cyclooxygenase-2(8).<br />
Flavonoid quercetin found abundantly in green and black tea are
associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis. Dr Vidya Priyadarsini
R, and the research team at the Annamalai University, in the study of
The flavonoid quercetin induces cell cycle arrest and
mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human <span class="highlight">cervical cancer</span>
(HeLa) cells through p53 induction and NF-κB inhibition, indicated that
quercetin suppressed the viability of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent
manner by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial
apoptosis through a p53-dependent mechanism. This involved
characteristic changes in nuclear morphology, phosphatidylserine
externalization, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, modulation of
cell cycle regulatory proteins and NF-κB family members, upregulation of
proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, cytochrome C, Apaf-1 and caspases,
and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and survivin(8a) <br />
<br />
9. <b>Endometrial cancer </b><br />
In the study to investigate the interactive effect of polymorphisms in the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) gene with <span class="highlight">soy</span> <span class="highlight">isoflavones</span>, tea consumption, and dietary fiber on <span class="highlight">endometrial cancer</span> risk in a population-based, case-control study of 1,199 <span class="highlight">endometrial cancer</span> patients and 1,212 controls, found that the Asp(327)Asn (rs6259) polymorphism was associated with decreased risk of <span class="highlight">endometrial cancer</span>,
particularly among postmenopausal women (OR = 0.79, 95% CI =
0.62-1.00). This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) modified
associations of <span class="highlight">soy</span> <span class="highlight">isoflavones</span> and tea consumption but not fiber intake with <span class="highlight">endometrial cancer</span>, with the inverse association of <span class="highlight">soy</span>
intake and tea consumption being more evident for those with the
Asp/Asp genotype of the SHBG gene at Asp(327)Asn (rs6259), particularly
premenopausal women (P(interaction) = 0.06 and 0.02, respectively, for <span class="highlight">soy</span> <span class="highlight">isoflavones</span> and tea intake)(9).<br />
<br />
10. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Hodgkin's lymphoma</span><br />
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (<span class="highlight">EGCG</span>), a
phytochemicals found abundantly in green tea has enhanced the protective
effects against Lymphoma. Dr, Yu AF, and scientists at the Fujian
Medical University,in the study of [Demethylation and transcription of
p16 gene in malignant <span class="highlight">lymphoma</span> cell line CA46 induced by <span class="highlight">EGCG</span>], found that after treatment with <span class="highlight">EGCG</span>
for 48 hours, the methylation level was apparently attenuated in a
concentration-dependent manner. Expression of p16 gene in untreated
group was mild while in the treated groups it had been greatly
strengthened, as compared with untreated group, the gray scale ratio of
p16 to beta-actin 1 treated with <span class="highlight">EGCG</span>
(6, 12, 24) microg/ml was increased from (0.05 +/- 0. 01) to (0.19 +/-
0.03), (0.39 +/- 0.10), (0.85 +/- 0.09) respectively, exhibiting a
significant difference (p < 0.05); as compared with the untreated
group, after treatment with <span class="highlight">EGCG</span> for 48 hours, the expressions of DNMT3A and DNMT3B were obviously down-regulated. It is concluded that <span class="highlight">EGCG</span>
can activate and up-regulate the expression of p16 gene mRNA which
inhibits the proliferation of CA46 cell through inducing the G(0)/G(1)
arrest by demethylation and/or by inhibiting DNMT3A and DNMT3B gene(10). <br />
<br />
11. <b>Kaposi's sarcoma</b><br />
In the study to investigate the effects of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) tested in a highly vascular <span class="highlight">Kaposi's sarcoma</span>
(KS) tumor model and on endothelial cells in a panel of in vivo and in
vitro assays, showed that EGCG inhibited KS-IMM cell growth and
endothelial cell growth,
chemotaxis, and invasion over a range of doses; high concentrations also
induced tumor cell apoptosis. EGCG inhibited the
metalloprotease-mediated gelatinolytic activity produced by endothelial
cell supernatants and the formation of new capillary-like structures in
vitro. <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
or purified EGCG when administered to mice in the drinking water
inhibited angiogenesis in vivo in the Matrigel sponge model and
restrained KS tumor growth(11).<br />
<br />
12. <b>Renal cell carcinoma (<span class="mw-redirect">Kidney cancer/renal cells)</span></b><br />
EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) is a
phytochemical found in green tea has showed to protect against the
proliferation of renal cell carcinoma. "Before and after EGCG treatment,
real-time methylation specific PCR
could not detect methylation status of TFPI-2 gene promoter in cell line
786-0. In vivo invasiveness and metastasis test did not indicate any
significant differences between control and treatment group. Our results
suggest that EGCG inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in renal cell
carcinoma through TFPI-2 overexpression. This is the first report
showing that EGCG is likely to be an effective agent for renal cell
carcinoma" said scientists at the Shanghai Medical College, Fudan
University(12). <br />
<br />
13. <b>Ovarian cancer</b><br />
a. In prospective cohort study to investigate whether <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption can enhance the survival of patients with epithelial <span class="highlight">ovarian cancer</span>
conducted in Hangzhou, China, found that Compared to non-drinkers, the
adjusted hazard ratios were 0.55 (95% CI = 0.34-0.90) for <span class="highlight">tea</span>-drinkers, 0.43 (95% CI = 0.20-0.92) for consuming at least 1 cup of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>/day, 0.44 (95% CI = 0.22-0.90) for brewing 1 batch or more of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>/day, 0.40 (95% CI = 0.18-0.90) for consuming more than 500 g of dried <span class="highlight">tea</span> leaves/year, and 0.38 (95% CI = 0.15-0.97) for consuming at least 2 g of dried <span class="highlight">tea</span> leaves/batch. The corresponding dose-response relationships were significant (p < 0.05)(13).<br />
b. Other suggested that studies on the health benefits of drinking <span class="highlight">tea</span>, particularly <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>, are finding exciting results, particularly in <span class="highlight">cancer</span> research. Modern studies in both Asia and the West have provided encouraging results indicating that drinking <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> contributes to fighting many different kinds of cancers including stomach, oesophageal, <span class="highlight">ovarian</span> and colon(13a).<br />
<br />
14. <b>Thyroid cancer</b><br />
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major catechin in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>, was shown to possess remarkable therapeutic potential against various types of human <span class="highlight">cancer</span>
cells in in vitro and in vivo models. In the study to investigate the
effect of EGCG on the proliferation and apoptosis of ARO cells--human
ATC cells, showed that EGCG treatment inhibited the growth of ARO cells
in a dose-dependent
manner. Furthermore, EGCG suppressed phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2,
JNK, and p38. These changes were associated with increased p21 and
reduced cyclin B1/CDK1 expression. In addition, EGCG treatment increased
the accumulation of sub-G1 cell, activated caspase-3 and cleaved
PARP(14). <br />
<br />
15. T<b>esticle cancer</b><br />
on human <span class="highlight">testicular</span> <span class="highlight">cancer</span> cell line NT 2/DT matrigel invasion and MMP activity, showed that The nutrient mixture showed no significant effect on testis <span class="highlight">cancer</span> cell growth. Zymography demonstrated secretion of MMP-2 by untreated human testis <span class="highlight">cancer</span>
cells and MMP-9 with PMA induction. NM inhibited secretion of both MMPs
in a dose-dependent fashion with virtual total inhibition of MMP-9 at
100 microg/mL. Invasion of human testis <span class="highlight">cancer</span>
cells through Matrigel was reduced by 84% at 50 microg/mL and at 100
microg/mL (p = 0.004). NM significantly inhibited MMP secretion and
matrix invasion in <span class="highlight">testicular</span> <span class="highlight">cancer</span> cells without toxic effect, indicating potential as an anticancer agent(15)<br />
<br />
<b>16. Skin Cancer</b><br />
In the investigations and mechanistic studies that define and support the photoprotective efficacy of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
polyphenols (GTPs) against UV carcinogenesis, showed that oral
administration of GTPs in drinking water or the topical application of
EGCG prevents UVB-induced <span class="highlight">skin</span>
tumor development in mice, and this prevention is mediated through: (a)
the induction of immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 12; (b)
IL-12-dependent DNA repair following nucleotide excision repair
mechanism; (c) the inhibition of UV-induced immunosuppression through
IL-12-dependent DNA repair; (d) the inhibition of angiogenic factors;
and (e) the stimulation of cytotoxic T cells in a tumor microenvironment(16). <br />
<br />
17. <b>Prostate cancers </b><br />
<span class="highlight">Tea</span> polyphenols have been extensively
studied in cell culture and animal models where they inhibited tumor
onset and progression. "In vivo animal, and clinical intervention
studies examine the effects of
extracts of GT or purified (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on <span class="highlight">prostate</span>
carcinogenesis. These studies provide strong evidence supporting a
chemopreventive effect of GT, but results from epidemiological studies
of GT consumption are mixed. While the evidence for a chemopreventive
effect of BT is much weaker than the body of evidence with regard to GT,
there are several animal BT intervention studies demonstrating
inhibition of CaP growth" said Dr. Henning SM, and the research team at the University of California(17)<br />
<br />
18. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Pharynx Cancer</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> or pharyngeal cancer</span><br />
In a study of a total of 20,550 men and 29,671 women aged 40-79 years, without any history of oral and <span class="highlight">pharyngeal cancer showed that </span>for women, the HRs of oral <span class="highlight">cancer</span> for <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
consumption of 1-2, 3-4, and 5 or more cups per day were 0.51 (95% CI:
0.10-2.68), 0.60 (95% CI: 0.17-2.10), and 0.31 (95% CI: 0.09-1.07),
respectively, compared with those who drank less than one cup per day (p
for trend, 0.08). For men, no such trends were observed(18). <br />
<br />
19. <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Multiple myeloma (Myeloma)</span></b><br />
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate extracted from <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea have exerted the inhibitory effect against </span><span class="highlight">multiple myeloma</span>
cells. Dr. Shammas MA and the research team at Veterans Administration
Boston Health Care System, and Dana Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard
Medical School, showed that EGCG interacts with the 67-kDa
laminin receptor 1 (LR1), which is significantly elevated in <span class="highlight">myeloma</span>
cell lines and patient samples relative to normal PBMCs. RNAi-mediated
inhibition of LR1 resulted in abrogation of EGCG-induced apoptosis in <span class="highlight">myeloma</span>
cells, indicating that LR1 plays an important role in mediating EGCG
activity in MM while sparing PBMCs. Evaluation of changes in gene
expression profile indicates that EGCG
treatment activates distinct pathways of growth arrest and apoptosis in
MM cells by inducing the expression of death-associated protein kinase
2, the initiators and mediators of death receptor-dependent apoptosis
(Fas ligand, Fas, and caspase 4), p53-like proteins (p73, p63), positive
regulators of apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation (CARD10, CARD14), and
cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p16 and p18)(19).<br />
<br />
<b>20. Oral cancer</b><br />
<span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
is important source of polyphenol antioxidants. Polyphenols including
epigallocatechin 3 gallate (EGCG) constitute the most interesting
components in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> leaves. <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
has the potential to protect against various malignant, cardiovascular
and metabolic diseases. Dr. Narotzki B and the research team at the
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, indicated that <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> protects against bacterial induced dental caries. <span class="highlight">Tea</span> polyphenols possess antiviral properties, believed to help in protection from influenza virus. Additionally, <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols can abolish halitosis through modification of odorant sulphur components. <span class="highlight">Oral</span>
cavity oxidative stress and inflammation, consequent to cigarette
smoking and cigarettes' deleterious compounds nicotine and acrolein, may
be reduced in the presence of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols. Generally, <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> defends healthy cells from malignant transformation and locally has the ability to induce apoptosis in <span class="highlight">oral cancer</span> cells(20).<br />
<br />
<br />
21. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Melanoma skin cancer</span><br />
In the study to determine the effect of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> catechins on the invasive potential of human <span class="highlight">melanoma</span> cells and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects using A375 (BRAF-mutated) and Hs294t (Non-BRAF-mutated) <span class="highlight">melanoma</span> cell lines as an in vitro model, showed that EGCG, a major <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> catechin, has the ability to inhibit <span class="highlight">melanoma</span>
cell invasion/migration, an essential step of metastasis, by targeting
the endogenous expression of COX-2, PGE(2) receptors and
epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(21).<br />
<br />
<br />
22. <b>Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma</b><br />
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major constituent of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
polyphenols in green tea, has been shown to suppress cancer cell
proliferation and induce apoptosis.In the study to investigate its
efficacy and the mechanism underlying its effect using
human B lymphoblastoid cell line Ramos, and effect of co-treatment with
EGCG and a chemotherapeutic agent on apoptotic cell death found that
pretreatment with diphenylene iodonium chloride, an inhibitor of NAD(P)H
oxidase and an antioxidant, partially suppressed both EGCG-induced
apoptosis and production of ROS, implying that oxidative stress is
involved in the apoptotic response. Furthermore, we showed that
combined-treatment with EGCG and a chemotherapeutic agent, etoposide,
synergistically induced apoptosis in Ramos cells(22).<br />
<br />
<br />
23. <b>Leukemia</b><br />
In the study to investigate the association between green <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption and <span class="highlight">leukemia</span>,
Dr. Kuo YC, and scientists at the Harvard School of Public Health,
indicated that a significant inverse association between green <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption and <span class="highlight">leukemia</span>
risk was found in individuals aged 16-29 years, whereas no significant
association was found in the younger age groups. For the older group
with higher amounts of <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption (>550 units of catechins), the adjusted odds ratio (OR) compared with the group without <span class="highlight">tea</span>
consumption was 0.47 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.23-0.97]. After
we adjusted for smoking status and medical irradiation exposure, the
overall OR for all participants was 0.49 (95% CI = 0.27-0.91),
indicating an inverse relation between large amounts of <b>catechins</b> and <span class="highlight">leukemia(23)</span>.<br />
<br />
<br />
24. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Larynx Cancer</span> <b>or Laryngeal Cancer</b><br />
In the study to evaluated the potential cytotoxic and prooxidative effects of green tea
extract and its two main flavonoid constituents epigallocatechin gallate
(EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) on human <span class="highlight">laryngeal</span>
carcinoma cell line (HEp2) and its cross-resistant cell line CK2,
showed that EGCG and green tea extract increased the DNA damage in the
CK2 cell
line during short exposure. The cytotoxicity of EGCG and ECG increased
with the time of incubation. Green tea extract induced lipid
peroxidation in the CK2 cell line(24).<br />
<br />
<br />
25. Etc.<br />
<br />
<b>References</b><br />
<b>A. Quoted from the world most healthy foods</b> <br />
(1) <a href="http://www.ajcn.org/content/90/5/1390">http://www.ajcn.org/content/90/5/1390</a><br />
(1a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19828710">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19828710</a><br />
(2) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Sinecatechin%20and%20anogenital%20warts">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Sinecatechin%20and%20anogenital%20warts</a><br />
(2a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19709100">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19709100</a><br />
(3) <a href="http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/540745/">http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/540745/</a><br />
(4) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21383482">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21383482</a><br />
(4a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388413">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388413</a><br />
(5) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19966940">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19966940</a><br />
(5a) <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/research/egcg-mitigates-neurotoxicity-mediated-hiv1-proteins-gp120-tat-presence-ifngamma-role-jakstat1-signaling-implications-hivassociated-dementia/">http://www.mendeley.com/research/egcg-mitigates-neurotoxicity-mediated-hiv1-proteins-gp120-tat-presence-ifngamma-role-jakstat1-signaling-implications-hivassociated-dementia/</a> <br />
(6) <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224499000448">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224499000448</a><br />
(6a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15378679">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15378679</a><br />
(7) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21082353">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21082353</a>(7a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16462174">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16462174</a> <br />
(8)<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21985858"> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21985858</a><br />
(8a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877565">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877565</a><br />
(9) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576</a><br />
(9a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20138382">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20138382</a> <br />
(10) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356006">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356006</a><br />
(10a)<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19254120"> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19254120</a><br />
(11) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15388975">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15388975</a><br />
(11a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21499987">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21499987</a><br />
(12) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18641210">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18641210</a><br />
(12a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15009657">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15009657</a> <br />
(13) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21715508">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21715508</a><br />
(13a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21691717">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21691717</a><br />
(14) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19700031">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19700031</a><br />
(14a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21473914">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21473914</a> <br />
(15) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316</a><br />
(15a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20032224">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20032224</a><br />
(16) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20444327">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20444327</a><br />
(16a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19962294">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19962294</a> <br />
(17) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22019691">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22019691</a><br />
(17b) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15585768">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15585768</a><br />
(18) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21997135">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21997135</a><br />
(18a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21859352">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21859352</a> <br />
(19) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19597519">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19597519</a><br />
(19a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16076989">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16076989</a><br />
<br />
<b>B. Quoted from Phytochemicals in Foods</b> <br />
<b>B.1. Catechin</b> <br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20156466">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20156466</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22027055">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22027055</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20514403">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20514403</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22269864">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22269864</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22268108">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22268108</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22256752">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22256752</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22249118">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22249118</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246619">(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246619</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12499631">(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12499631</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15011752">(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15011752</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22221215">(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22221215</a><br />
(12) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22211685">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22211685</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22184430">(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22184430</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22098273">(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22098273</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22045026">(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22045026</a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B.2. Gallocatechin</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span></span><a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf901545u">(1) http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf901545u</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22144737">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22144737</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022384">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022384</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22224265">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22224265</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903153">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903153</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21877759">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21877759</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16506813">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16506813</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21730371">(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21730371</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21498061">(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21498061</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20694569">(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20694569</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19735514">(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19735514</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903153">(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903153</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19557365">(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19557365</a><br />
<br />
<b>B.3. Epicatechin</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20432242">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20432242</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22191431">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22191431</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20828315">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20828315</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21945981">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21945981</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16413414">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16413414</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21046126">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21046126</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21837753">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21837753</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21705301">(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21705301</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21241417">(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21241417</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16519995">(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16519995</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20708524">(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20708524</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20623641">(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20623641</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20461739">(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20461739</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20065503">(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20065503</a> <br />
<br />
<b>B.4.</b> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Epigallocatechin</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22280355">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22280355</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17017850">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17017850</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18657514">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18657514</a><br />
(4) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20176036">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20176036</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17296491">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17296491</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1284389">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1284389</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=epicatechin%20gallate%20and%20fat%20oxidation">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=epicatechin%20gallate%20and%20fat%20oxidation</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=epicatechin%20gallate%20and%20coginive%20effects">(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=epicatechin%20gallate%20and%20coginive%20effects</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17357329">(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17357329</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15730438">(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15730438</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10878235">(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10878235</a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B.5. Theaflavin</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20528747">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20528747</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22202062">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22202062</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22155236">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22155236</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22155187">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22155187</a><br />
<a href="http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/163/12/1448">(5) http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/163/12/1448</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22138428">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22138428</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885260">(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885260</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21545263">(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21545263</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21503789">(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21503789</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21323312">(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21323312</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096">(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20514421">(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20514421</a> <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B.6. Theaflavin-3-gallate</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19049290">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19049290</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16404705">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16404705</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15248026">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15248026</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10898615">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10898615</a><br />
<br />
<b>B.7.</b> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin-3'-gallate</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16404705">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16404705</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15248026">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15248026</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10898615">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10898615</a><br />
<br />
<b>B.8. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16404705">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16404705</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15248026">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15248026</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10898615">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10898615</a> <br />
<br />
<b>B.9.</b> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Thearubigin</span> <br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12533914">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12533914</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12787838">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12787838</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10766429">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10766429</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19594545">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19594545</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16314069">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16314069</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15850895">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15850895</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12842182">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12842182</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12636103">(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12636103</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9535765">(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9535765</a><br />
<br />
<b>C. Quoted Foods to prevent and treat diseases</b><br />
(1) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22742421">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22742421</a><br />
(2) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15378679">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15378679 </a><br />
(3) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21820650">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21820650</a><br />
(4) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22300765">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22300765</a><br />
<span class="highlight">(5) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316</a></span><br />
(6)<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316"> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316</a><br />
(7) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12579647">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12579647</a> <br />
(8) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14583635">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14583635</a><br />
(9) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20088847">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20088847</a><br />
(10) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%20tyrosol%20and%20auto-immune%20diseases">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%20tyrosol%20and%20auto-immune%20diseases</a><br />
(11) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=polyphenols%20Anti-Candida%20activity">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=polyphenols%20Anti-Candida%20activity</a><br />
(12) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22456725">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22456725</a><br />
(13) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21964320">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21964320</a><br />
(14) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20652470">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20652470</a> <br />
(15) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21821246">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21821246</a><br />
(16) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19083394">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19083394</a> <br />
(17) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21832025">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21832025</a><br />
(18) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22239530">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22239530</a> <br />
(19) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21947401">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21947401</a><br />
(20) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22480519">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22480519 </a><br />
(21) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12824094">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12824094 </a><br />
(22) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22468171">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22468171</a> <br />
<span class="highlight">(23) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22749178">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22749178</a></span><br />
<span class="highlight">(24) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18195068">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18195068 </a> </span><br />
<span class="highlight">(25) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16395699">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16395699</a> </span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st">(26) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22105803">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22105803</a></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576">(27) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576</a> <br />
(27a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21985858">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21985858</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st">(28) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022398">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022398</a></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st">(29) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390166">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390166</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st">(30) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22186621">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22186621</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st">(31) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18156141">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18156141</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st">(32) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=green%20tea%20and%20pertussis">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=green%20tea%20and%20pertussis</a></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st">(33) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20801949">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20801949</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"> </span> </span><br />
<b>D. Quoted From Foods to prevent and treat cancers</b><br />
Sources <br />
(1) <span class="highlight"><span style="color: #cc3300;"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21782236"><span style="color: #3d74a5;">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21782236</span></a></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span style="color: #cc3300;"><span style="color: #3d74a5;">(2) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22641358">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22641358</a> <br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22521131"></a>(3) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21328612">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21328612</a></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span style="color: #cc3300;"><span style="color: #3d74a5;">(4) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20423994">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20423994</a> </span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span style="color: #cc3300;"><span style="color: #3d74a5;">(5) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11305413">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11305413</a> </span></span></span><br />
(6) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8182766">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8182766</a><br />
(7) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22101170">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22101170</a> <br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(8) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21776820">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21776820</a> </span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(8a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20858478">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20858478</a></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(9) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19005973">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19005973</a></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(10) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18928598">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18928598</a></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(11) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15269163">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15269163</a> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(12) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212621">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212621</a> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(13) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15382073">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15382073</a><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(13a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22039897">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22039897</a></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(14) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21725973">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21725973</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(15)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848742">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848742</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(16) </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17049833">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17049833</a></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">17) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21538852">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21538852</a></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(18)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17606381">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17606381</a></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(19) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809610">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809610</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(20) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22226360">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22226360 </a> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(21) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022384">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022384</a></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(22) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17803956">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17803956</a> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(23) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18752033">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18752033</a></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(24) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21705301">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21705301 </a> </span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-60955740708431561602012-09-23T19:15:00.002-07:002014-04-18T05:45:37.115-07:004 Foods for Longevity and Diseases Free Part I - Green TeaOver the years of research, 4 foods appeared mostly in medical studies in preventing and treating diseases, are Green Tea, Grape seed and skin, Turmeric and Soy.<br />
<b>I. Green Tea </b><br />
<b>Green tea </b>contains more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food
with the same volume, and is the leaves of Camellia sinensis,
undergone minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China.
Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and
used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years.
Because of their health benefits, they have been cultivated for
commercial purposes all over the world.<br />
<b>A. Quoted from the world most healthy foods</b><br />
1. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Antidepressant Properties</span><br />
In the observation of the effects of Green tea consumption and
psychological distress of the study of "<b>Green tea consumption is
associated with lower psychological distress in a general population:
the Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study</b>" by<span class="xref-sep"></span><span class="xref-sep"></span><span class="name"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.ajcn.org/search?author1=Atsushi+Hozawa&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"> </a><span class="name-search">Atsushi Hozawa</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Shinichi Kuriyama</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Naoki Nakaya</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Kaori Ohmori-Matsuda</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Masako Kakizaki</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Toshimasa Sone</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Masato Nagai</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Yumi Sugawara</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Akemi Nitta</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Yasutake Tomata</span></span>,<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Kaijun Niu</span></span>, and<span class="name"><span class="name-search"> Ichiro Tsuji, researchers found that </span></span>The
odds ratio (with 95% CI) of developing psychological distress among
respondents who consumed ≥5 cups of green tea/d was
0.80 (0.70, 0.91) compared with those who consumed <1 cup/d and
concluded that Green tea consumption was inversely associated with
psychological distress even after adjustment for possible confounding
factors(1). Others in the investigation of <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption and the risk of depressive symptoms of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> consumption is associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly</span>"
by Niu K, Hozawa A, Kuriyama S, Ebihara S, Guo H, Nakaya N,
Ohmori-Matsuda K, Takahashi H, Masamune Y, Asada M, Sasaki S, Arai H,
Awata S, Nagatomi R, Tsuji I., researchers found that the
prevalence of mild and severe and severe depressive symptoms was 34.1%
and 20.2%, respectively and concluded that a more frequent consumption
of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> was associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in the community-dwelling older population(1a).<br />
<br />
2. <span style="font-weight: bold;">External Anogenital Warts</span><br />
In the investigation of green tea catechins and external <span class="highlight">anogenital warts of the study of "</span><b>Efficacy, safety and tolerability of green tea catechins in the treatment of external <span class="highlight">anogenital warts</span>: a systematic review and meta-analysis</b>"
by Tzellos TG, Sardeli C, Lallas A, Papazisis G, Chourdakis M, Kouvelas
D., researchers found that the efficacy of Polyphenon 15% and 10%,
at least for the primary endpoint, is clearly indicated. Polyphenon E
treatment exhibits very low recurrence rates and appears to have a
rather favourable safety and tolerability profile(2).<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>Others in the evaluation of Polyphenon E and external <span class="highlight">anogenital warts</span> of the study of "<b>Polyphenon E ( amixture of green tea catechins) a new treatment for external <span class="highlight">anogenital warts</span></b>' by Tatti S, Stockfleth E, Beutner KR, Tawfik H, Elsasser U, Weyrauch P, Mescheder A.<span style="text-decoration: underline;">(2a), researchers found that </span>severe
local signs were more frequent but moderate in the active treatment
groups (1.5%, 9.2% and 13.5% for G(Veh), G(10%) and G(15%) groups,
respectively) and concluded that polyphenon E ointment is effective and
well tolerated in the treatment of External genital <span class="highlight">warts(</span>EGWs)(2a).<br />
<br />
<b>3. Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Related Brain Deficits</b><br />
In the investigation of "Green Tea Compounds Beat OSA-Related Brain
Deficits" by American Thoracic Society (ATS), researchers indicated
that GTP-treated rats exposed to IH displayed significantly greater
spatial bias for the previous hidden platform position, indicating that
GTPs are capable of attenuating IH-induced spatial learning deficits,"
wrote Dr. Gozal, adding that GTPs "may represent a potential
interventional strategy for patients" with sleep-disordered breathing(3). <br />
<br />
4. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Bad Breath</span>In the investigation of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract on bad breath of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The effect of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extract on the removal of sulfur-containing oral malodor volatiles in vitro and its potential application in chewing gum</span>" by Zeng QC, Wu AZ, Pika J., researchers found that Adding 5% baking soda to <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract-containing chewing gum was found to buffer saliva pHs to 8.0
during 10 min of chewing. However, severe discoloration was observed and
undesirable bitterness was perceived, most likely due to the
polymerization of unencapsulated <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols. Therefore, encapsulation of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract is recommended for applications at elevated pHs(4). Others In the evaluation of the effect of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> and mouth air of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effect of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> on volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air</span>" by Lodhia P, Yaegaki K, Khakbaznejad A, Imai T, Sato T, Tanaka T, Murata T, Kamoda T.[19b], researchers wrote that <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
was very effective in reducing oral malodor temporarily because of its
disinfectant and deodorant activities, whereas other foods were not
effective(4a).<br />
<br />
<b>5. Human immunodeficiency virus (</b><span class="highlight"><b>HIV)</b></span>a. In the determination of <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">Tea</span>-EGCG effects in <span class="highlight">HIV</span>-1of the study of '<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">-EGCG reduces GFAP associated neuronal loss in </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">HIV</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">-1 Tat transgenic mice"</span>
by Rrapo E, Zhu Y, Tian J, Hou H, Smith A, Fernandez F, Tan J, Giunta
B., researchers found that that EGCG (300mg/kg/day) dramatically
reduced astrogliosis as demonstrated by GFAP expression. This was
accompanied by a mild reduction in activated microglia by Iba-1
staining and significant reduction in neuronal loss through apoptosis
as demonstrated by MAP2 staining and Western blot analysis
respectively(5). Others in examination of the effects of <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>EGCG and <span class="highlight">HIV</span>-1 proteins gp120 of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">EGCG mitigates neurotoxicity mediated by </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">HIV</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">-1 proteins gp120 and Tat in the presence of IFN-gamma: role of JAK/STAT1 signaling and implications for </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">HIV</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">-associated dementia</span>"
by Giunta B, Obregon D, Hou H, Zeng J, Sun N, Nikolic V, Ehrhart J,
Shytle D, Fernandez F, Tan J. researchers found that EGCG
treatment of primary neurons from normal mice reduced
IFN-gamma-enhanced neurotoxicity of gp120 and Tat by inhibiting
JAK/STAT1 pathway activation and found to mitigate the neurotoxic
properties of <span class="highlight">HIV</span>-1 proteins in the presence of IFN-gamma in vivo(5a).<br />
<br />
<b>6. Mental Alertness</b><br />
In the evaluation of drinking green tea brings relaxation of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">L-theanine—a unique amino acid of green tea and its relaxation effect in humans</span>"
by Lekh Raj Juneja, Djong-Chi Chu, Tsutomu Okubo, Yukiko Nagato,
Hidehiko Yokogoshi, researchers found that L-theanine administered
intraperitoneally to rats reached the brain within 30 min without any
metabolic change. Theanine also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain
and decreased blood pressure significantly in hypertensive rats. In
general, animals always generate very weak electric pulses on the
surface of the brain, called brain waves(6). Others In the investigation of L-Theanine found abundantly in green tea as anxiety Reducer of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The acute effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">L-theanine</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in comparison with alprazolam on anticipatory </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">anxiety</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in humans</span>"<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Lu%20K%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>by Lu K, Gray MA, Oliver C, Liley DT, Harrison BJ, Bartholomeusz CF, Phan KL, Nathan PJ., the write wrote that while <span class="highlight">L-theanine</span> may have some relaxing effects under resting conditions, neither <span class="highlight">L-theanine</span> not alprazolam demonstrate any acute anxiolytic effects under conditions of increased <span class="highlight">anxiety</span> in the AA model(6a).<br />
<br />
7. <span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Gastrointestinal diseases</span><br />
In the evaluation of different doses of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract and <span class="highlight">inflammatory bowel disease of the study of "</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Comparative evaluation of different doses of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extract alone and in combination with sulfasalazine in experimentally induced </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">inflammatory bowel disease</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in rats</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Byrav%20DS%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Byrav DS, Medhi B, Vaiphei K, Chakrabarti A, Khanduja KL.(7), researchers showed that <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> alone and in combination with sulfasalazine reduced <span class="highlight">inflammatory</span> changes induced by tri nitro benzene sulfonic acid in rats(7). Others In the examination of the role of polyphenols in gastrointestinal <span class="highlight">diseases of the study of "</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Polyphenols and gastrointestinal </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">diseases</span>"
by Dryden GW, Song M, McClain C., researchers erote that
Substantial in-vitro and animal studies support the beneficial effects
of polyphenols in many gastrointestinal <span class="highlight">diseases</span>.
Well designed multicenter trials in humans, such as those called for
in the 2005 National Institutes of Health Requests for Applications for
Silymarin Centers, will be critical for defining the safety,
appropriate dosing and therapeutic efficacy of such agents(7a).<br />
<br />
8.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Immune system</span><br />
In the investigation of the immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract in rain bow of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (Camellia sinensis) on the </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">immune system</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Sheikhzadeh%20N%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Sheikhzadeh N, Nofouzi K, Delazar A, Oushani AK., researchers found that showed that decaffeinated <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> in lower doses of administration could be optimum to enhance the immunity of rainbow trout(8). Others in the assessment of unregulated activity of these receptors could lead
to autoimmune diseases and the effects of green tea catechin,
epigallocatechin gallate of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, suppresses signaling by the dsRNA innate </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">immune</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> receptor RIG-</span>I."
by Ranjith-Kumar CT, Lai Y, Sarisky RT, Cheng Kao C., researchers
found that EGCG and its derivatives could have potential therapeutic use
as a modulator of RIG-I mediated <span class="highlight">immune</span> responses by binding RIG-I and inhibits its signaling at low micromolar concentrations in HEK293T cells(8a).<br />
<br />
9. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial activities</span><br />
In the investigation of Antimicrobial <span class="highlight">activities</span> of green of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">activities</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> catechins and theaflavins and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extracts against Bacillus cereus"</span>
by Friedman M, Henika PR, Levin CE, Mandrell RE, Kozukue N.,
researchers found that flavonoids in green tea has exerted its ability
in protective effects against Bacillus cereus(9). Others in the evaluation of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extracts (GTEs) and their effects in <span class="highlight">Antimicrobial</span> <span class="highlight">activities</span> of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">activities</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of tapioca starch/decolorized hsian-tsao leaf gum coatings containing </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extracts in fruit-based salads, romaine hearts and pork slice</span>s"
by Chiu PE, Lai LS., reserachers found that coatings containing GTEs
could successfully reduce the aerobic counting and growth of
yeasts/molds by 1 to 2 log cycles in fruit-based salads(9a).<br />
<br />
10. <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Periodontal health</span></b>In the evaluation of Streptococcus mutans count in saliva and plaque, Salivary and plaque pH values, etc. and rinsing with <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">te of the study of "</span>A pilot study of the role of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> use on oral <span class="highlight">health</span>"
by Awadalla HI, Ragab MH, Bassuoni MW, Fayed MT, Abbas MO,,
researchers found that the effectiveness of local application of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
as antibacterial and anticariogenic material as it decreases the
acidity of the saliva and plaque, so it is a cost-effective caries
prevention measures especially in developing countries(10). Others in the observation of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols and its inhibition of the growth and cellular adherence of <span class="highlight">periodontal</span> pathogens of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Relationship between intake of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">periodontal</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> diseas</span>e" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Kushiyama%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Kushiyama
M, Shimazaki Y, Murakami M, Yamashita Y.. researchers found that
there is a modest inverse association between the intake of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> and <span class="highlight">periodontal</span> disease(10a).<br />
<br />
11. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Congitive Activities</span><br />
In the evaluation of the effect of <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenol (TP) on <span class="highlight">cognitive</span> and anti-cholinesterase activity of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Effects</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> polyphenol on </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">cognitive</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and acetylcholinesterase activities</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Kim%20HK%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Kim
HK, Kim M, Kim S, Kim M, Chung JH. researchers found that TP
exhibited a dramatic inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase
activity. This finding suggests that TP might be useful in the treatment
of Alzheimer's disease(11). Others in rhe investigation of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
catechin, induces HO-1 by ARE/Nrf2 pathway in hippocampal neurons in
protection of neurons against different models of oxidative damages of
the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Modulation of Nrf2/ARE pathway by food polyphenols: a nutritional neuroprotective strategy for </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">cognitive</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and neurodegenerative disorders</span>"
by Scapagnini G, Vasto S, Abraham NG, Caruso C, Zella D, Fabio G.,
researchers found that caffeic acid phenethyl ester and ethyl ferulate,
are also able to protect neurons via HO-1 induction. These studies
identify a novel class of compounds that could be used for therapeutic
purposes as preventive agents against <span class="highlight">cognitive</span> decline(11a).<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">12. Neurodegernative diseases</span> In the investigation of<span class="highlight"> green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> catechins and <span class="highlight">neurodegenerative diseases of the study of "</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Targeting multiple </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">neurodegenerative diseases</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> etiologies with multimodal-acting </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> catechins</span>"
by Mandel SA, Amit T, Kalfon L, Reznichenko L, Youdim MB.,
researchers wrote that elaborates on the multimodal activities of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols with emphasis on their recently described neurorescue/neuroregenerative and mitochondrial stabilization actions(12). Others in the assessment of the efficacy of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols in<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>neuroprotective actions of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Cell signaling pathways in the neuroprotective actions of the </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate: implications for </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">neurodegenerative diseases</span>"
by Mandel S, Weinreb O, Amit T, Youdim MB., researchers wrote that the
currently established mechanisms involved in the beneficial health
action and emerging studies concerning the putative novel molecular
neuroprotective activity of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> and its major polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)(12a).<br />
<br />
13. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol<br />In the investigation of </span>theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract in association with cholesterol levels of the study of "<span class="highlight">Cholesterol</span>-lowering effect of a theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract: a randomized controlled trial" by Maron DJ, Lu GP, Cai NS, Wu
ZG, Li YH, Chen H, Zhu JQ, Jin XJ, Wouters BC, Zhao J., researchers
found that The theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract is an effective adjunct to a low-saturated-fat diet to
reduce LDL-C in hypercholesterolemic adults and is well tolerated(13). Others in the observation of the effect of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> beverage and <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract on lipid changes of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> intake lowers fasting serum total and LDL </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">cholesterol</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in adults: a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials</span>" by Zheng XX, Xu YL, Li SH, Liu XX, Hui R, Huang XH., researchers found that the administration of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> beverages or extracts resulted in significant reductions in serum TC and LDL-<span class="highlight">cholesterol</span> concentrations, but no effect on HDL <span class="highlight">cholesterol</span> was observed(13a).<br />
<br />
14. <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Osteoporosis</span><br />
In the examination of Osteoporosis and the effects of green tea of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and bone </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">metabolism</span>' by Shen CL, Yeh JK, Cao JJ, Wang JS., researchers found that , <span class="highlight">tea</span>
and its bioactive components might decrease the risk of fracture by
improving bone mineral density and supporting osteoblastic activities
while suppressing osteoclastic activities(14). Others in investigation of Epidemiological evidence that has shown an association between <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption and the prevention of bone loss of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and bone health: Evidence from laboratory studies</span>"
by Shen CL, Yeh JK, Cao JJ, Chyu MC, Wang JS., researchers found
that there is a possible mechanisms for the osteo-protective effects of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> bioactive compounds(14a)<br />
<br />
15. <span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Arthritis </span><br />
In the investigation of <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea and Arthritis </span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate in </span><span class="highlight"><span style="font-weight: bold;">arthritis</span>" by </span>Ahmed
S., researcher indicated that although these findings provide
scientific evidence of the anti-rheumatic activity of EGCG, further
preclinical studies are warranted before phase clinical trials could be
initiated with confidence for patients with joint diseases(15). Others in the investigation of the efficacy of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract (GTE) in rat adjuvant-induced <span class="highlight">arthritis</span> (AIA) of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extract inhibits chemokine production, but up-regulates chemokine receptor expression, in </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">rheumatoid arthritis</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> synovial fibroblasts and rat adjuvant-induced </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">arthritis</span>"
by Marotte H, Ruth JH, Campbell PL, Koch AE, Ahmed S., researchers
found that chemokine receptor overexpression with reduced chemokine
production by GTE may be one potential mechanism to limit the overall
inflammation and joint destruction in RA(15a).<br />
<br />
16. <span style="font-weight: bold;"> Stroke</span> In the investigation of investigate the effects of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols (GTPs) on the permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> polyphenols on caveolin-1 of microvessel fragments in rats with cerebral ischemia</span>"
by Zhang S, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Xue Y., researchers found that that GTPs
can decrease the elevated BBB permeability in the ischemic region, and
the protective effects for cerebral injury may be related to the
reduced expression of caveolin-1 and phosphorylated ERK1/2(16). Others in the examination of <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate effects in neurological disorders including cerebral ischemia of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">
polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate reduces matrix
metalloproteinase-9 activity following transient focal cerebral
ischemia</span>" by Park JW, Hong JS, Lee KS, Kim HY, Lee JJ, Lee SR.[6b], researchers found that EGCG, a <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
polyphenol, may reduce up-regulation of MMP-9 activity and neuronal
damage following transient focal cerebral ischemia. In addition to its
antioxidant effect, MMP-9 inhibition might be a possible mechanism
potentially involved in the neuroprotective effect of a <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenol, EGCG(16a).<br />
<br />
17. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Antioxidant Activity</span><br />
In the investigation of l-Theanine is a unique amino acid in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea effects </span>on ethanol-induced liver injury of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">l-Theanine prevents alcoholic liver injury through enhancing the </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">antioxidant</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> capability of hepatocytes"</span>
by Li G, Ye Y, Kang J, Yao X, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Gao M, Dai Y, Xin Y,
Wang Q, Yin Z, Luo L. researchers found that l-theanine
significantly inhibited ethanol-induced reduction of mouse <span class="highlight">antioxidant</span>
capability which included the activities of SOD, CAT and GR, and level
of GSH. These results indicated that l-theanine prevented
ethanol-induced liver injury through enhancing hepatocyte <span class="highlight">antioxidant</span> abilities(17). Others in the determination of <span class="highlight">Green</span> and black <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols and their strong <span class="highlight">antioxidant</span> <span class="highlight">activity</span> of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Bioavailability and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">antioxidant</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">activity</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> flavanols after consumption of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, black </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, or a </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extract supplement</span>" by Henning SM, Niu Y, Lee NH, Thames GD, Minutti RR, Wang H, Go VL, Heber D.[5b], researchers concluded that <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract supplements retain the beneficial effects of <span class="highlight">green</span> and black <span class="highlight">tea</span> and may be used in future chemoprevention studies to provide a large dose of <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols without the side effects of caffeine associated with <span class="highlight">green</span> and black <span class="highlight">tea</span> beverages(17a).<br />
<br />
18. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Diabetes</span> In the assesesment of the effect of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> (GT) on <span class="highlight">diabetes</span>-induced retinal oxidative stress and proinflammatory parameters in rats of the study of "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Prevents Hyperglycemia-Induced Retinal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats</span>"
by Kumar B, Gupta SK, Nag TC, Srivastava S, Saxena R., researchers
found that the beneficial effects of (GT) green tea suggest its
potential role in the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy
in human subjects(18). Others in the evaluation of Abstract <span class="highlight">Tea</span> (Camellia sinensis) effects in type II diabetes management of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti-Hyperglycemia Properties of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (Camellia sinensis) Bioactives Using In Vitro Assay Models and Influence of Extraction Time</span>" by.Ankolekar C, Terry T, Johnson K, Johnson D, Barbosa AC, Shetty K, researchers wrote that <span class="highlight">tea</span> offers an attractive potential strategy to regulate postprandial hyperglycemia toward an overall dietary support for type 2 <span class="highlight">diabetes</span> management(18a).<br />
<br />
19. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Weight Loss</span><br />
In the meta-analysis whether <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> indeed has a function in body <span class="highlight">weight</span> regulation of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> on </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">weight loss</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">weight</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> maintenance: a meta-analysis</span>"
by Hursel R, Viechtbauer W, Westerterp-Plantenga MS., researchers
found that Catechins or an epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-caffeine
mixture have a small positive effect on WL(weight loss) and WM(weight
management) and suggested that habitual caffeine intake and ethnicity
may be moderators, as they may influence the effect of catechins(19). Others in the investigation of the effect of a <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>-caffeine mixture on <span class="highlight">weight</span> maintenance(VM) after body <span class="highlight">weight loss</span> in moderately obese subjects in relation to habitual caffeine intake of the study of " <span style="font-weight: bold;">Body </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">weight loss</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">weight</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> maintenance in relation to habitual caffeine intake and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> supplementation"</span>
by Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Lejeune MP, Kovacs EM., researchers
filed the conclusion that high caffeine intake was associated with <span class="highlight">weight loss</span> through thermogenesis and fat oxidation and with suppressed leptin in women. In habitual low caffeine consumers, the <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>-caffeine mixture improved WM, partly through thermogenesis and fat oxidation(19a).<br />
<br />
<b>B. Quoted from Phytochemicals in Foods</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B.1. Catechin</span> is phytochemical of
Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly
in white tea, green tea, black tea, grapes, wine, apple juice, cocoa,
lentils, etc.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Body-weight regulation</span><br />
Green
tea has been proposed as a tool for obesity management as strategies
for weight loss and weight maintenance, as researchers found that a
green tea-caffeine mixture improves weight maintenance, through
thermogenesis, fat oxidation, and sparing fat free mass. The sympathetic
nervous system is involved in the regulation of lipolysis, and the
sympathetic innervation of white adipose tissue may play an important
role in the regulation of total body fat in general, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green tea </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">catechins</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, caffeine and body-weight regulation</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Westerterp-Plantenga%20MS%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Westerterp-Plantenga MS.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Cholesterol</span><br />
In
a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
evaluating the relationship between GTCs and serum lipid levels,
including total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein
(HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides, found that the consumption of
GTCs is associated with a statistically significant reduction in total
and LDL cholesterol levels; however, there was no significant effect
on HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels, according to " <span style="font-weight: bold;">Green tea </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">catechins</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> decrease total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a systematic review and meta-analysis</span>" by Kim A, Chiu A, Barone MK, Avino D, Wang F, Coleman CI, Phung OJ.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Anti liver cancer</span><br />
In the examination ofthe effect of <span class="highlight">catechins</span> on the antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX) in a murine model, found that tea <span class="highlight">catechins</span>
at non-toxic doses can augment DOX-induced cell killing and sensitize
chemoresistant HCC cells to DOX. The chemosensitizing effect of <span class="highlight">catechins</span>
may occur directly or indirectly by reversal of multidrug resistance,
involving the suppression of MDR1 expression, or by enhancement of
intracellular DOX accumulation, involving inhibition of P-gp function,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green tea </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">catechins</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> augment the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in an in vivo mouse model for chemoresistant liver cance</span>r" by<br />
<div class="auths">
Liang G, Tang A, Lin X, Li L, Zhang S, Huang Z, Tang H, Li QQ.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Antioxidant activity</span><br />
In
the research on polyphenolic compounds (included catechins) in the
berries of edible honeysuckle and their biological effects, including
recommended utilization, are reviewed found that These berries seem to
be prospective sources of health-supporting phytochemicals that
exhibit beneficial anti-adherence and chemo-protective activities,
thus they may provide protection against a number of <span style="font-weight: bold;">chronic conditions, e.g., cancer, diabetes mellitus, tumour growth or cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases</span>, according to <span style="font-weight: bold;">"Phenolic profile of edible honeysuckle berries (genus lonicera) and their biological effects</span>" by Jurikova T, Rop O, Mlcek J, Sochor J, Balla S, Szekeres L, Hegedusova A, Hubalek J, Adam V, Kizek R.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Severe dyslipidemia</span><br />
In the observation of three-month old ATX mice were treated, or not, for 3 months with the polyphenol (+)-<span class="highlight">catechin</span> (CAT, 30 mg/kg/day) and compared to wild-type (WT) controls,<br />
found
that cctive remodeling of the cerebrovascular wall in ATX mice was
further suggested by the increase (P<0.05) in
pro-metalloproteinase-9 activity, which was normalized by CAT. We
conclude that by preserving the endothelial function, a chronic
treatment with CAT prevents the deleterious effect of severe
dyslipidemia on cerebral artery wall structure and biomechanical
properties, contributing to preserving resting cerebral blood flow,
according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Catechin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">
prevents severe dyslipidemia-associated changes in wall biomechanics
of cerebral arteries in LDLr-/-:hApoB+/+ mice and improves cerebral
blood flow</span>" by Bolduc V, Baraghis E, Duquette N, Thorin-Trescases N, Lambert J, Lesage F, Thorin E.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Anti-inflammatory effect</span><br />
In
the preparation of the gel of Chinese medicine catechu, and to
observe the release mechanism in vitro and anti-inflammatory activity
in rats, found that the optimum condition of extraction from catechu
was as follows, the concentration of ethanol, ratio of raw material to
solvent, ultrasonic time, and extraction temperature were 50% , 1:
12, 35 min and 60 degrees C, respectively. The formulation of catechu
gel was carbomer-9 400.5 g, glycerol 5.0 g, the extracts of catechu
50.0 mL, and triethanomine 0.5 mL The gel was semitransparent and
stable. The drugs released quickly. The catechu gel reduced the paw
edema considerably in dose-dependent manner compared to
carrageenan-induced rat, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">[Preparation and pharmacodynamics studies on anti-inflammatory effect of catechu gel].[Article in Chinese]</span>" by Zheng X, Zheng C.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Neuropathic pain</span><br />
In the investigation of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major <span class="highlight">catechin</span>
in green tea and its effect on intrathecal EGCG in neuropathic pain
induced by spinal nerve ligation, found that This antinociceptive effect
was reversed by intrathecal pretreatment with l-arginine, a precursor
of NO. Intrathecal EGCG also blocked the increase in nNOS expression
in the spinal cord of spinal nerve-ligated rats, but iNOS expression
was not significantly suppressed. These findings suggest that
intrathecal EGCG could produce an antiallodynic effect against spinal
nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain, mediated by blockade of nNOS
protein expression and inhibition of the pronociceptive effects of NO,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the antiallodynic effects of intrathecal EGCG in a neuropathic pain rat model</span>" by Choi JI, Kim WM, Lee HG, Kim YO, Yoon MH.(7)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. Cholesterol and glucose levels</span><br />
In the examination of the effect of the main green tea <span class="highlight">catechin</span>,
epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), taken in a green tea extract,
Polyphenon E (PPE) and their effect on circulating hormone levels, an
established breast cancer risk factor, found that Glucose and insulin
levels decreased nonsignificantly in the PPE groups but increased in
the placebo group; statistically significant differences in changes in
glucose (P=0.008) and insulin (P=0.01) were found. In summary, green
tea (400 and 800 mg EGCG as PPE; ~5-10 cups) supplementation for 2
months had suggestive beneficial effects on LDL cholesterol
concentrations and glucose-related markers, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effect
of 2-month controlled green tea intervention on lipoprotein
cholesterol, glucose, and hormonal levels in healthy postmenopausal
women</span>" by<br />
Wu AH, Spicer D, Stanczyk FZ, Tseng C, Yang CS, Pike MC.(8)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Neuroprotective effects</span><br />
In the evaluation the neuroprotective effects of theanine and <span class="highlight">catechins</span>
contained in green tea , found that the mechanism of the
neuroprotective effect of theanine is related not only to the glutamate
receptor but also to other mechanisms such as the glutamate
transporter, although further studies are needed. One of the onset
mechanisms for arteriosclerosis, a major factor in ischemic
cerebrovascular disease, is probably the oxidative alteration of
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by active oxygen species. The oxidative
alterations of LDL were shown to be prevented by tea <span class="highlight">catechins</span>. Scavenging of *O(2)(-) was also exhibited by tea <span class="highlight">catechins</span>. The neuroprotective effects of theanine and <span class="highlight">catechins</span> contained in green tea are a focus of considerable attention, and further studies are warranted, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Neuroprotective effects of the green tea components theanine and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">catechins</span>" by Kakuda T.(9)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Anti-obesity effects</span><br />
In the elucidation of the anti-obesity effects of three major components of green tea, <span class="highlight">catechins</span>,
caffeine and theanine, female ICR mice, found that The body weight
increase and weight of IPAT were significantly reduced by the diets
containing green tea, caffeine, theanine, caffeine + <span class="highlight">catechins</span>, caffeine + theanine and caffeine + <span class="highlight">catechins</span> + theanine. Noticeably, the IPAT weight decreased by 76.8% in the caffeine + <span class="highlight">catechins</span>
compared to the control group. Serum concentrations of triglycerides
(TG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased by green
tea, <span class="highlight">catechins</span> and theanine. Moreover, caffeine + <span class="highlight">catechins</span>, caffeine + theanine and caffeine + <span class="highlight">catechins</span> + theanine also decreased NEFA in the serum. The TG level in the liver was significantly reduced by <span class="highlight">catechins</span> and <span class="highlight">catechins</span> + theanine in comparison with the control, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti-obesity effects of three major components of green tea, </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">catechins</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, caffeine and theanine, in mice</span>" by Zheng G, Sayama K, Okubo T, Juneja LR, Oguni I.(10)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">11. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease</span><br />
In
the investigation of green tea's effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease (NAFLD), a constellation of progressive liver disorders, found
that green tea is rich in polyphenolic <span class="highlight">catechins</span>
that have hypolipidemic, thermogenic, antioxidant, and
anti-inflammatory activities that may mitigate the occurrence and
progression of NAFLD. This review presents the experimental evidence
demonstrating the hepatoprotective properties of green tea and its <span class="highlight">catechins</span> and the proposed mechanisms by which these targeted dietary agents protect against NAFLD, according to"<span style="font-weight: bold;">Therapeutic potential of green tea in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Masterjohn%20C%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Masterjohn C, Bruno RS.(11)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">12. Age-related Neurodegeneration</span><br />
In
the identification of green tea (GT) and the effect of large amounts
of brain-accessible polyphenols, found that the beneficial action of <span class="highlight">catechins</span>
in learning and memory with a particular focus on the hippocampal
formation. We conclude that GT polyphenols can have a promising role in
the reversal of age-related loss of neuronal plasticity and recovery
after neuronal lesions associated with aging, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Protective Effects of Chronic Green Tea Consumption on Age-related Neurodegeneration</span>" by Andrade JP, Assunção M.(12)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">13. Anti-influenza virus activity</span><br />
In the study of Polyphenolic compounds present in green tea, particularly <span class="highlight">catechins</span>,
and its effect on strong anti-influenza activity, found that
therapeutic administration of green tea by-products via feed or water
supplement resulted in a dose-dependent significant antiviral effect in
chickens, with a dose of 10 g/kg of feed being the most effective (P
< 0.001), according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti-influenza virus activity of green tea by-products in vitro and efficacy against influenza virus infection in chickens</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Lee%20HJ%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Lee HJ, Lee YN, Youn HN, Lee DH, Kwak JH, Seong BL, Lee JB, Park SY, Choi IS, Song CS.(13)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">14. Prostate Cancer</span><br />
In
the review of Prostate cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer and
second most common cause of cancer deaths in American men indicated
that epidemiological studies suggest that tea consumption has
protective effects against a variety of human cancers, including that
of the prostate. Laboratory and clinical studies have demonstrated
that green tea components, specifically the green tea <span class="highlight">catechin</span>
(GTC) epigallocatechin gallate, can induce apoptosis, suppress
progression, and inhibit invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">New Insights Into the Mechanisms of Green Tea </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Catechins</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in the Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer</span>" by Connors SK, Chornokur G, Kumar NB.(14)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">15. Breast cancer</span><br />
In
the developing a chronically induced breast cell carcinogenesis model
to the exposure of non-cancerous, human breast epithelial MCF10A
cells to bioachievable picomolar concentrations of environmental
carcinogens, such as 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
(NNK) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), to progressively induce cellular
acquisition of cancer-associated properties, as measurable end points,
found that green tea <span class="highlight">catechins</span>
(GTCs) , at non-cytotoxic levels, were able to suppress chronically
induced cellular carcinogenesis by blocking carcinogen-induced ROS
elevation, ERK activation, cell proliferation and DNA damage in each
exposure cycle. Our model may help accelerate the identification of
preventive agents to intervene in carcinogenesis induced by long-term
exposure to environmental carcinogens, thereby safely and effectively
reducing the health risk of sporadic breast cancer, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green tea </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">catechin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> intervention of reactive oxygen species-mediated ERK pathway activation and chronically induced breast cell carcinogenesis</span>" by Rathore K, Choudhary S, Odoi A, Wang HC.(15)<br />
<br />
16. Etc.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Pharmacy In Vegetables</span><br />
<a href="http://469f5g0fi9un1htqxo0f-lck7l.hop.clickbank.net/">Use the science behind the health benefits of vegetables<br />to improve your health, delay aging and cure major diseases.</a><br />
<br />
To read the series of Phytochemicals in foods, please visit <a href="http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/2011/10/phytochemicals-health-benefits.html">http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/2011/10/phytochemicals-health-benefits.html</a><br />
<br />
For other health articles, please visit my home page at <a href="http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/">http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com</a></div>
<div class="auths">
</div>
<div class="auths">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B.2. Gallocatechin</span></div>
<div class="auths">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Gallocatechin</span>, containing
catechin is phytochemicals of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids
(polyphenols), found abundantly in green tea, almonds, black diamond
plums, black tea, cocoa beans, Fuji apples, golden delicious apple,
etc. </div>
<div class="auths">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Bone metabolism</span><br />
In the investigation of three tea catechins, epigallocatechin (EGC), <span class="highlight">gallocatechin</span> (GC), and <span class="highlight">gallocatechin</span>
gallate (GCG) for their effects on bone metabolism, found that EGC
significantly inhibited osteoclast formations from RAW 264.7 cells upon
receptor activation of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand induction on the
fourth day of treatment, at a concentration of 10 microM. EGC also
dose-dependently inhibited the mRNA expression of tatrate-resistant acid
phosphatase. GC and GCG could decrease osteoclastogenesis at 20
microM. The present study illustrated that the tea catechins, EGC in
particular, had positive effects on bone metabolism through a double
process of promoting osteoblastic activity and inhibiting osteoclast
differentiations, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effects of tea catechins, epigallocatechin, </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">gallocatechin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">gallocatechin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> gallate, on bone metabolism</span>" by Ko CH, Lau KM, Choy WY, Leung PC.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Antimetastatic effects</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the antimetastatic effects of P urinaria L extracts
(PUE), containingpolyphenols including gallic acid, methyl gallate,
epicatechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, <span class="highlight">gallocatechin</span>-3-gallate,
rutin, epicatechin-3-gallate, and naringin, found that PUE inhibits
the transcription of MMP-2 mRNA. PUE also exerted an inhibitory effect
on the DNA-binding activity and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB
and AP-1. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of PUE on the metastasis
and growth of LLC cells in vivo were proven. These results indicate
that PUE could be applied to be a potential antimetastatic agent,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimetastatic
Potentials of Phyllanthusurinaria L on A549 and Lewis Lung Carcinoma
Cells via Repression of Matrix-Degrading Proteases</span>" by Tseng HH, Chen PN, Kuo WH, Wang JW, Chu SC, Hsieh YS.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Anti skin cancer</span><br />
In
the determination of the effect of green tea catechins on the invasive
potential of human melanoma cells and the molecular mechanisms
underlying these effects using A375 (BRAF-mutated) and Hs294t
(Non-BRAF-mutated) melanoma cell lines as an in vitro model, found that
Inhibition of melanoma cell migration by EGCG was associated with
transition of mesenchymal stage to epithelial stage, which resulted in
an increase in the levels of epithelial biomarkers (E-cadherin,
cytokeratin and desmoglein 2) and a reduction in the levels of
mesenchymal biomarkers (vimentin, fibronectin and N-cadherin) in A375
melanoma cells. Together, these results indicate that EGCG, a major
green tea catechin, has the ability to inhibit melanoma cell
invasion/migration, an essential step of metastasis, by targeting the
endogenous expression of COX-2, PGE(2) receptors and
epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green
tea catechins reduce invasive potential of human melanoma cells by
targeting COX-2, PGE2 receptors and epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition</span>" by Singh T, Katiyar SK(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Antidiabetic activity</span><br />
In
the observation of Terminalia sericea stem bark extract and theirs
effect against alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes, found that
four known compounds namely beta-sitosterol (1),
beta-sitosterol-3-acetate (2), lupeol (3), and stigma-4-ene-3-one (4),
in addition to two inseparable sets of mixtures of isomers
[epicatechin-catechin (M1), and <span class="highlight">gallocatechin</span>-epigallocatechin
(M2). 1 and 3 showed the best inhibitory activity on
alpha-glucosidase (IC50:54.5 and 66.5 microM). Bio-evaluation of the
inhibitory activity of the purified compounds on alpha-amylase showed
that 3 and 1 exhibited IC50 values of 140.7 and 216.02 microM,
respectively against alpha-amylase, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antidiabetic activity of Terminalia sericea constituents</span>" by Nkobole N, Houghton PJ, Hussein A, Lall N.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Anti-uveal melanoma activity</span><br />
In the study of the MeOH extract of Acacia nilotica pods, resulted in the isolation of the new compound <span class="highlight">gallocatechin</span>
5-O-gallate in addition to methyl gallate, gallic acid, catechin,
catechin 5-O-gallate, 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose,
1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose and digallic acid, found that in addition
to uveal melanoma, the antiproliferative activities of the isolated
compounds and the related compound epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCG)
were evaluated against cutaneous melanoma, ovarian cancer,
glioblastoma and normal retinal pigmented cells, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">In vitro anti-uveal melanoma activity of phenolic compounds from the Egyptian medicinal plant Acacia nilotica</span>" by Salem MM, Davidorf FH, Abdel-Rahman MH.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Degenerative diseases</span><br />
In
the inestigation of whether green tea and its components can regulate
the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in pluripotent rat
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The rat MSCs were isolated from the bone
marrow of tibiae and femora, found that among six tested tea
polyphenols, epigallocatechin (EGC) was shown to be the most effective
in promoting osteogenic differentiation. At 20 μM, EGC increased ALP
levels and Ca deposition significantly by 2.3- and 1.7-fold,
respectively, when compared with the control group. EGC also increased
the mRNA expression of bone formation markers runt-related
transcription factor 2, ALP, osteonectin, and osteopontin, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Pro-bone and antifat effects of green tea and its polyphenol, epigallocatechin, in rat mesenchymal stem cells in vitro</span>" by Ko CH, Siu WS, Wong HL, Shum WT, Fung KP, San Lau CB, Leung PC.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Antioxidants</span><br />
In
the identification of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and its
important roles in the maintenance of cellular redox balance, found
that Pretreatment with green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate
(EGCG) effectively blocked peroxynitrite-induced glutathione depletion,
p53 accumulation, and apoptosis in both normal and G6PD-deficient
cells. EGCG, administered to cells alone or as pretreatment, caused
activation of Akt. The protective effect was abolished by
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, wortmannin, and
LY294002, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green tea
polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects cells against
peroxynitrite-induced cytotoxicity: modulatory effect of cellular G6PD
status</span>" by Ho HY, Wei TT, Cheng ML, Chiu DT.(7)<br />
<br style="font-weight: bold;" />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. Anti HIV</span><br />
In
the investigation of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most
abundant catechin in green tea and its effect on HIV-1, found that EGCG
appears to act mainly as an allosteric reverse transcriptase
inhibitor with mechanisms different from those of currently approved
NNRTIs that directly interact with the NNRTI binding pocket. Thus, EGCG
is a good candidate for use as an additional or supportive anti-HIV
agent derived from natural plants, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits the HIV reverse transcription step</span>" by Li S, Hattori T, Kodama EN.(8)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the radioprotective efficacy of green tea
polyphenols and the component ingredients against irradiated-induced
damage in mice and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, found that
Moreover GTP and its bioactive components (catechin, epigallocatechin
and epigallocatechin-3-gallate) assisted in decreasing the
leukocytopenia seen after whole mice irradiation and significantly
reduced the elevated serum inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and
IL-6). Green tea polyphenols have a potential to be developed as
radioprotective agents against irradiated-induced toxicity. Furthermore
the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of GTP can be
attributed to the interaction of the different components through
multiple and synergistic mechanisms, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Bioactive
components from the tea polyphenols influence on endogenous
antioxidant defense system and modulate inflammatory cytokines after
total-body irradiation in mice</span>" by Hu Y, Guo DH, Liu P, Cao JJ, Wang YP, Yin J, Zhu Y, Rahman K.(9)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of
nanocatechin on CBP and plasma concentration of catechins in an animal
model, found that the use of ciprofloxacin, catechin, and nanocatechin
showed statistically significant decrease in bacterial growth and
improvement in prostatic inflammation compared with the control group.
The nanocatechin group showed statistically significant decrease in
bacterial growth and improvement in prostatic inflammation compared with
the catechin group. Plasma concentrations of epicatechin, <span class="highlight">gallocatechin</span>
gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate were significantly higher in
the nanocatechin group than those in the catechin group. These results
suggest that nanocatechin has better antimicrobial and
anti-inflammatory effects on rat CBP than catechin due to higher
absorption into the body, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of nanocatechin in a chronic bacterial prostatitis rat model</span>" by Yoon BI, Ha US, Sohn DW, Lee SJ, Kim HW, Han CH, Lee CB, Cho YH.(10)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">11. Ultraviolet B irradiation protection</span><br />
In
the investigation of the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate
(EGCG) on the immune function of dendritic cells (DCs) after
ultraviolet B irradiation (UVB), found that the inhibition rate of DCs
was improved to some extent after treatment with 200 microg/mL of
EGCG. UVB showed no significant influence on the secretion of IL-10
and IL-12 from DCs, while EGCG was able to down-regulate the secretion
level of IL-12 and up-regulate that of IL-10, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate on the immune function of dendritic cells after ultraviolet B irradiation</span>" by Jin SL, Zhou BR, Luo D.(11)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">12. Antiviral effect</span><br />
In
the identification of tea polyphenols were evaluated for their ability
to inhibit enterovirus 71 (EV71) replication in Vero cell culture,
found that The viral inhibitory effect correlated well with the
antioxidant capacity of polyphenol. Mechanistically, EV71 infection
led to increased oxidative stress, as shown by increased
dichlorofluorescein and MitoSOX Red fluorescence. Upon EGCG treatment,
reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was significantly reduced.
Consistent with this, EV71 replication was enhanced in
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient cells, and such
enhancement was largely reversed by EGCG, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antiviral effect of epigallocatechin gallate on enterovirus 71</span>" by Ho HY, Cheng ML, Weng SF, Leu YL, Chiu DT.(12)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">13. Neuroprotective effect </span><br />
In
the research of beta-Amyloid (Abeta) peptide, a major component of
senile plaques has been regarded to play a crucial role in the
development and neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), found
that EGCG may have preventive and/or therapeutic potential in AD
patients by augmenting cellular antioxidant defense capacity and
attenuating Abeta-mediated oxidative and/or nitrosative cell death,
according to"<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Neuroprotective effect of
epigallocatechin-3-gallate against beta-amyloid-induced oxidative and
nitrosative cell death via augmentation of antioxidant defense
capacity</span>" by Kim CY, Lee C, Park GH, Jang JH.(13)<br />
<br />
14. Etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>B.3. Epicatechin</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Epicatechin</span>, containing catechins, is phytochemicals of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in <span class="st">kola nut</span>, tea and grapes, etc.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Testosterone</span><br />
In the study
of the effects of catechins on testosterone secretion in rat
testicular Leydig cells (LCs) both in vivo and in vitro, found that
Catechins increased plasma testosterone in vivo in male rats. In vitro,
low-dose concentration of catechins increased gonadotropin releasing
hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) release by anterior
pituitary gland and hCG-stimulated testosterone release by LCs of male
rats, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Effects of catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate on testosterone production in rat leydig cells</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">" by </span>Yu PL, Pu HF, Chen SY, Wang SW, Wang PS(1)<br />
<br />
2. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Insulin Resistance</span><br />
In
the study of increased plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) are
associated with profound insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and may
also play a critical role in the insulin resistance of obesity and
type 2 diabetes mellitus, found that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
and curcumin treatment reduce insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)
Ser307 phosphorylation, and curcumin is more potent to increase Akt
phosphorylation in TPA induction. Moreover, we found that after 5 h of
palmitate incubation, <span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG) can suppress IRS-1 Ser307 phosphorylation and significantly
promote Akt, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and AMP-activated protein kinase
activation. With a longer incubation with palmitate, IRS-1 exhibited a
dramatic depletion, and treatment with EGCG, ECG, and curcumin could
reverse IRS-1 expression, Akt phosphorylation, and MAPK signaling
cascade activation and improve glucose uptake in C2C12 skeletal muscle
cells, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Suppression of Free Fatty Acid-Induced Insulin Resistance by Phytopolyphenols in C2C12 Mouse Skeletal Muscle Cells</span>" by Deng YT, Chang TW, Lee MS, Lin JK.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Genoprotective effects </span><br />
In the determination of what effects could trigger the effects of <span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG) in C6 cells, found that ECG as a dose-dependent genoprotective
compound in C6 astroglial cells. This indicates that small doses of
polyphenols included in our diet could have beneficial effects on
neural cells, contributing to prevention of oxidative stress-associated
brain pathologies. In addition, our data highlight the importance of
strictly modulating doses and/or consumption of antioxidant-fortified
foods or additional supplements containing such beneficial molecules,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Genoprotective effects of the green tea-derived polyphenol/</span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">epicatechin gallate</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in C6 astroglial cells</span>' by Abib RT, Quincozes-Santos A, Zanotto C, Zeidán-Chuliá F, Lunardi PS, Gonçalves CA, Gottfried C.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Colon cancer </span><br />
In the identification of the anticarcinogenic effects of the flavanols epicatechin (EC), <span class="highlight">epicatechin-gallate</span>
(ECG) and procyanidin B2 (PB2) on Caco-2 and SW480 colon cancer cells,
found that the different cytotoxicity of flavanols is caused by their
different activity and the degree of differentiation of the colon
cancer cell line. Thus, ECG induced apoptosis in SW480 cells and
contributed to the cytotoxic effect, whereas ECG enhanced the
antioxidant potential in Caco-2 cells. PB2 activated cell proliferation
and survival/proliferation pathways in SW480 cells, accoridng to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Dietary
flavanols exert different effects on antioxidant defenses and
apoptosis/proliferation in Caco-2 and SW480 colon cancer cells</span>" by<br />
Ramos S, Rodríguez-Ramiro I, Martín MA, Goya L, Bravo L.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Anti cancer</span><br />
In
the demonstration of the ability of monomeric and dimeric flavanols in
scavenging reactive nitrogen species derived from nitrous acid, found
that epicatechin was transferred across the jejunum of the small
intestine yielding metabolites, its nitroso form was not absorbed.
Dimer B2 but not epicatechin monomer inhibited the proliferation of,
and triggered apoptosis in, Caco-2 cells. The latter was accompanied by
caspase-3 activation and reductions in Akt phosphorylation,
suggesting activation of apoptosis via inhibition of prosurvival
signaling, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The reaction
of flavanols with nitrous acid protects against N-nitrosamine
formation and leads to the formation of nitroso derivatives which
inhibit cancer cell growth</span>" by Lee SY, Munerol B, Pollard S, Youdim KA, Pannala AS, Kuhnle GG, Debnam ES, Rice-Evans C, Spencer JP.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Antioxidants</span><br />
In
the evaluation of evaluate the antioxidant response of colon-derived
Caco2 cells to dietary flavanols, found that Flavanols ( epicatechin
(EC), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and
procyanidin B2 (PB2)) protect Caco2 cells against an induced oxidative
stress and subsequent cellular death by reducing ROS production and
preventing caspase-3 activation. In particular, PB2 increases the
activity of antioxidant/detoxification enzymes and thus protects Caco2
cells by directly counteracting free radicals and also by activating
the antioxidant defence system, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Comparative effects of dietary flavanols on antioxidant defences and their response to oxidant-induced stress on Caco2 cells</span>" by Rodríguez-Ramiro I, Martín MA, Ramos S, Bravo L, Goya L.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Hepatitis C virus</span><br />
In the investigation of the polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and and its derivatives, epigallocatechin (EGC), <span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG), and epicatechin (EC), as an inhibitor of HCV entry, found that
treatment with EGCG directly during inoculation strongly inhibited HCV
infectivity. Expression levels of all known HCV (co-)receptors were
unaltered by EGCG. Finally, we showed that EGCG inhibits viral
attachment to the cell, thus disrupting the initial step of HCV cell
entry and concluded that the green tea molecule, EGCG, potently inhibits
HCV entry and could be part of an antiviral strategy aimed at the
prevention of HCV reinfection after liver transplantation, according to
"<span style="font-weight: bold;">The green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, inhibits hepatitis C virus entry</span>"
by Ciesek S, von Hahn T, Colpitts CC, Schang LM, Friesland M,
Steinmann J, Manns MP, Ott M, Wedemeyer H, Meuleman P, Pietschmann T,
Steinmann E.(7)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. Genotoxic effects </span><br />
In
the evaluation of the potential cytotoxic and prooxidative effects of
green tea extract and its two main flavonoid constituents
epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and <span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEp2), found that the
cytotoxicity of EGCG and ECG increased with the time of incubation.
Green tea extract induced lipid peroxidation in the CK2 cell line. The
pro-oxidant effect of green tea was determined at concentrations
higher than those found in traditionally prepared green tea infusions,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Genotoxic effects of green tea extract on human laryngeal carcinoma cells in vitro</span>" by Durgo K, Kostić S, Gradiški K, Komes D, Osmak M, Franekić J.(8)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. Anti inflammatory properties </span><br />
In
the comparison of anti-tumoral properties of EGCG on human pancreatic
ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells PancTu-I, Panc1, Panc89 and BxPC3
and the effects of two minor components of green tea catechins,
catechin gallate (CG) and <span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG), found that all three catechins inhibited proliferation of PDAC
cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, CG and ECG
exerted much stronger anti-proliferative effects than EGCG. Western
blot analyses performed with PancTu-I cells revealed catechin-mediated
modulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins (cyclins,
cyclin-dependent kinases [CDK], CDK inhibitors). Again, these effects
were clearly more pronounced in CG or ECG than in EGCG-treated cells,
according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Epicatechin gallate</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">
and catechin gallate are superior to epigallocatechin gallate in
growth suppression and anti-inflammatory activities in pancreatic tumor
cells</span>" by Kürbitz C, Heise D, Redmer T, Goumas F, Arlt A, Lemke J, Rimbach G, Kalthoff H, Trauzold A.(9)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Breast cancer</span><br />
In
the identification of an inverse association between the risk of
breast cancer and the intake of green tea has also been reported in
Asian Americans, found that Nude mice inoculated with human breast
cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and treated with GTP and EGCG were effective
in delaying the tumor incidence as well as reducing the tumor burden
when compared to the water fed and similarly handled control. GTP and
EGCG treatment were also found to induce apoptosis and inhibit the
proliferation when the tumor tissue sections were examined by
immunohistochemistry, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green
tea polyphenols and its constituent epigallocatechin gallate inhibits
proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Thangapazham%20RL%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Thangapazham RL, Singh AK, Sharma A, Warren J, Gaddipati JP, Maheshwari RK.(10)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">11. Blastocysts</span><br />
In the analyzing the cytotoxic effects of <span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG), a polyphenol extract from green tea, on the blastocyst stage
of mouse embryos, subsequent embryonic attachment, and in vitro and in
vivo outgrowth implantation after embryo transfer, found that
Blastocysts treated with 50 microM ECG exhibited a significant increase
in apoptosis and a corresponding decrease in total cell number.
Importantly, the implantation success rate of blastocysts pretreated
with 50 microM ECG was lower than that of controls, and in vitro
treatment with 50 microM ECG was associated with increased resorption of
post-implantation embryos and decreased fetal weight, according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Epicatechin gallate</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> decreases the viability and subsequent embryonic development of mouse blastocysts</span>" by Tu HC, Chen CP, Chan WH.(11)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">12. Prostate cancer</span><br />
In
the examination of the HGF/c-Met pathway, an important regulator of
signaling pathways responsible for invasion and metastasis of most
human cancers, found that EGCG could act both by preventing activation
of c-Met by HGF and by attenuating the activity of pathways already
induced by HGF. HGF did not activate the MAPK and PI3-K pathways in
cells treated with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (mCD) to remove
cholesterol. Furthermore, subcellular fractionation approaches
demonstrated that only phosphorylated c-Met accumulated in Triton X-100
membrane insoluble fractions, supporting a role for lipid rafts in
regulating c-Met signaling. Finally, EGCG treatment inhibited DiIC16
incorporation into membrane lipid ordered domains, and cholesterol
partially inhibited the EGCG effects on signaling, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The
polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate affects lipid rafts to block
activation of the c-Met receptor in prostate cancer cells</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Duhon%20D%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Duhon D, Bigelow RL, Coleman DT, Steffan JJ, Yu C, Langston W, Kevil CG, Cardelli JA.(12)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">13. Periodontal disease</span><br />
in
the investigation of IL-6 is well recognized to be a potent bone
resorptive agent and thus in the development of periodontal disease,
found that EGCG, ECG, and TFDG prevented TNFSF14-mediated IL-6
production in HGFs. EGCG, ECG, and TFDG prevented TNFSF14-induced
extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase
(JNK), and nuclear factor-kappaB activation in HGFs. Inhibitors of ERK,
JNK, and nuclear factor-kappaB decreased TNFSF14-induced IL-6
production. In addition, EGCG, ECG, and TFDG attenuated TNFSF14
receptor expression on HGFs, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Tea polyphenols inhibit IL-6 production in tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts</span>" by Hosokawa Y, Hosokawa I, Ozaki K, Nakanishi T, Nakae H, Matsuo T.(13)<br />
<br />
14. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Glucose tolerance</span><br />
In
the investigation of the benefit of green tea extract (GTE)
consumption in effecting prolonged postprandial hyperglycemia, a
detrimental factor for type 2 diabetes and obesity, found that the
gallated catechin when it is in the circulation elevates blood glucose
level by blocking normal glucose uptake into the tissues, resulting
in secondary hyperinsulinemia, whereas it decreases glucose entry into
the circulation when they are inside the intestinal lumen. These
findings encourage the development of non-absorbable derivatives of
gallated catechins for preventative treatment of type 2 diabetes and
obesity, which would specifically induce only the positive luminal
effect, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Ambivalent role
of gallated catechins in glucose tolerance in humans: a novel insight
into non-absorbable gallated catechin-derived inhibitors of glucose
absorption</span>" by Park JH, Jin JY, Baek WK, Park SH, Sung HY, Kim YK, Lee J, Song DK.(13)<br />
<br />
14. Etc.<br />
<br />
<b>B.4.</b> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Epigallocatechin</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Epigallocatechin</span>, including
catechins, is a phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of
Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in green tea, St John wort,
black Tea, carob flour, Fuji apples, etc.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Anti-Breast Cancer Activities</span><br />
In the testing the hypothesis that administration of <span class="highlight">epigallocatechin</span>-3-gallate
(EGCG), a polyphenol present in abundance in widely consumed tea, and
its inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis in
breast cancer, found that treatment with combination of radiotherapy and
EGCG feeding for 2-8 weeks to in vitro cultures of highly-metastatic
human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells resulted in the following
significant changes: (1) suppression of cell proliferation and
invasion; (2) arrest of cell cycles at the G0/G1 phase; (3) reduction
of activation of MMP9/MMP2, expressions of Bcl-2/Bax, c-Met receptor,
NF-κB, and the phosphorylation of Akt. MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to 5-10
µM EGCG also showed significant augmentation of the apoptosis
inducing effects of γ-radiation, concomitant with reduced NF-κB
protein level and AKT phosphorylation, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti-Cancer Activities of Tea </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Epigallocatechin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">-3-Gallate in Breast Cancer Patients under Radiotherapy</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">" by </span>Zhang
G, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wan X, Li J, Liu K, Wang F, Liu Q, Yang C, Yu P,
Huang Y, Wang S, Jiang P, Qu Z, Luan J, Duan H, Zhang L, Hou A, Jin S,
Hsieh TC (1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Anti cancers</span><br />
In the review and outline the wide range of mechanisms by which <span class="highlight">epigallocatechin</span>
gallate (ECGC) and other green and black tea polyphenols' inhibition
of cancer cell found that EGCG reduced dihydrofolate reductase
activity, which would affect nucleic acid and protein synthesis. It
also acted as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor an-tagonist by directly
binding the receptor's molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90. In
conclusion, green and black tea polyphenols act at numerous points
regulating cancer cell growth, survival, and metastasis, including
effects at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Mechanisms of cancer prevention by green and black tea polyphenols</span>" by Beltz LA, Bayer DK, Moss AL, Simet IM.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Anti-atherosclerotic effects</span><br />
In
the localization and target sites of tea catechins underlying their
biological activity including anti-atherosclerotic activity, found that
ECg could suppress the gene expression of a scavenger receptor CD36, a
key molecule for foam cell formation, in macrophage cells. These
results, for the first time, showed the target site of a tea component
ECg in the aorta and might provide a mechanism for the
anti-atherosclerotic actions of the catechins, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">(-)-</span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Epicatechin gallate</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">
accumulates in foamy macrophages in human atherosclerotic aorta:
implication in the anti-atherosclerotic actions of tea catechins</span>" by Kawai Y, Tanaka H, Murota K, Naito M, Terao J.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Inflammatory effects</span><br />
In
the determination of the up-regulated expressions of IL-8 or PGE(2) in
Streptococci or PAMP-stimulated HDPF were inhibited by catechins,
(-)-<span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). In TLR2
ligand-stimulated HDPF, found that catechins might be useful
therapeutically as an anti-inflammatory modulator of dental pulpal <span class="highlight">inflammation</span>, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Tea
catechins reduce inflammatory reactions via mitogen-activated protein
kinase pathways in toll-like receptor 2 ligand-stimulated dental pulp
cells</span>" by Hirao K, Yumoto H, Nakanishi T, Mukai K, Takahashi K, Takegawa D, Matsuo T.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Cardiovascular diseases</span><br />
In the identification of green tea catechins and its lowering the risk of cardiovascular <span class="highlight">diseases</span>,
found that green tea catechins, particularly (-)-epigallocatechin
gallate, interfere with the emulsification, digestion, and micellar
solubilization of lipids, critical steps involved in the intestinal
absorption of dietary fat, cholesterol, and other lipids. Based on the
observations, it is likely that green tea or its catechins lower the
absorption and tissue accumulation of other lipophilic organic
compounds, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green tea as inhibitor of the intestinal absorption of lipids: potential mechanism for its lipid-lowering effect</span>" by Koo SI, Noh SK.(5)<br />
<br style="font-weight: bold;" />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Antiviral activities</span><br />
In the observation of Catechin derivatives including (-)-<span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epigallocatechin
(EGC) and green tea extract (GTE) and theirs inhibition of the
activities of cloned human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse
transcriptase (HIV-1 RT), duck <span class="highlight">hepatitis</span>
B virus replication complexes reverse transcriptase (DHBV RCs RT),
herpes simplex virus 1 DNA polymerase (HSV-1 DNAP) and cow thymus DNA
polymerase alpha (CT DNAP alpha, found that GCG exerts a mixed
inhibition with respect to external template inducer poly (rA).oligo
(dT) 12-18 and a noncompetitive inhibition with respect to substrate
dTTP for HIV-1 RT. Bovine serum albumin significantly reduced the
inhibitory effects of catechin analogues and GTE on HIV-1 RT. In tissue
culture GTE inhibited the cytopathic effect of coxsackie B3 virus,
but did not inhibit the cytopathic effects of HSV-1, HSV-2, influenza A
or influenza B viruses, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">[The
inhibitory effects of catechin derivatives on the activities of human
immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and DNA
polymerases].[Article in Chinese]</span>" by Tao P.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Metabolic syndrome</span><br />
In the investigation of Tea catechins, including the gallate esters of catechins, (-)-<span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). in reducing serum
cholesterol concentrations and suppressing postprandial
hypertriacylglycerolemia in experimental animals and humans, found that
tea catechins and heat-treated tea catechins with the galloyl moiety
improve lipid metabolism and contribute to the prevention of the
metabolic syndrome, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Multifunctional effects of green tea catechins on prevention of the metabolic syndrome</span>" by Ikeda I.(7)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Cognitive</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> effects</span><br />
in
the examination of examined whether long-term administration of green
tea catechins [Polyphenon E (PE): 63% of epigallocatechin-3-gallate,
11% of epicatechin, 6% of (-)-epigallocatechin and 6% of (-)-<span class="highlight">epicatechin-gallate</span>] prevents <span class="highlight">cognitive</span>
impairment in an animal model of AD, rats infused with Abeta1-40 into
the cerebral ventricle, found that rats with preadministered PE had
higher ferric-reducing antioxidation power of plasma as compared with
the Vehicle group. Our results suggest that long-term administration of
green tea catechins provides effective prophylactic benefits against
Abeta-induced <span class="highlight">cognitive</span> impairment by increasing antioxidative defenses, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Green tea catechins prevent </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">cognitive</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> deficits caused by Abeta1-40 in rats</span>" by Haque AM, Hashimoto M, Katakura M, Hara Y, Shido O.(8)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. Cholesterol</span><br />
In
the examination of the influence of green tea extract, epicatechin
(EC), epicatechin galate (ECG) as well as epigallocatechin galate
(EGCG) on oxidative modifications of <span class="highlight">LDL</span>
of human blood serum, found that Catechins and green tea abilities to
protect lipophilic antioxidant--alpha-tocopherol against oxidation
have been also examined. The results reveal that peroxidation of <span class="highlight">LDL</span>
is markedly prevented by green tea extract and in a slightly weaker
way by catechins (EGCG in particular), which is manifested by a
decrease in concentration of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides,
MDA, dityrosine and by an increase in tryptophan content, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The comparison of effect of catechins and green tea extract on oxidative modification of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">LDL</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in vitro</span>" by Ostrowska J, Skrzydlewska E.(9)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Anti diabetes</span><br />
In the observation of the effect of tea catechins (epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), <span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG) and epicatechin (EC)) on markers of oxidative stress
(malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and membrane -SH
group) in erythrocytes from type 2 diabetics, found that tea catechins
protect erythrocytes from t-BHP-induced oxidative stress, the effect
being more pronounced in diabetic erythrocytes. The relative
effectiveness of individual catechins are in the order of
EGCG>ECG>EGC>EC. 7. We hypothesise that a higher intake of
catechin-rich food by diabetic patients may provide some protection
against the development of long-term complications of <span class="highlight">diabetes</span>, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Protective role of tea catechins against oxidation-induced damage of type 2 diabetic erythrocytes</span>" by Rizvi SI, Zaid MA, Anis R, Mishra N.(10)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">11. Antioxidants</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the effects of the main polyphenolic components
extracted from green tea leaves, i.e. (-)-epicatechin (EC),
(-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-<span class="highlight">epicatechin gallate</span>
(ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and gallic acid (GA),
against free radical initiated peroxidation of human low density
lipoprotein (LDL), found that The antioxidative action of the green tea
polyphenols includes trapping the initiating and/or propagating
peroxyl radicals with the activity sequence
EC>EGCG>ECG>EGC>GA for the AAPH initiated peroxidation,
and reducing the alpha-tocopheroxyl radical to regenerate
alpha-tocopherol with the activity sequence of
ECG>EC>EGCG>EGC>GA and ECG>EGCG>GA>EC>EGC for
the AAPH-initiated and BP-photosensitized peroxidations respectively,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antioxidative effects of
green tea polyphenols on free radical initiated and photosensitized
peroxidation of human low density lipoprotein</span>" by Liu Z, Ma LP, Zhou B, Yang L, Liu ZL.(11)<br />
<br />
12. Etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B.5. Theaflavin</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin</span> with reddish in
color, is a phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids
(polyphenols), formed in tea leaves during <span class="mw-redirect">fermentation</span>.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Skin cancer</span><br />
In the investigation of the tumor-inhibiting property of black tea polyphenol, <span class="highlight">theaflavin, found that </span>The treatment of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>
downregulated the gelatinolytic activity, mRNA and protein expression
of MMP-2. It reduced the mRNA and protein expression of membrane
type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP) and induced mRNA and protein expression of tissue
inhibitor of MMP-2 (TIMP-2), suggesting <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>'s inhibitory effect on MMP-2 activation. <span class="highlight">Theaflavin</span> reduced the binding of A375 cell to ECM ligands demonstrating that <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> treatment hinders cell-ECM adhesion, cell motility, and integrin-mediated MMP-2 activation, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Black tea polyphenol (</span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">) downregulates MMP-2 in human melanoma cell line A375 by involving multiple regulatory molecules</span>" by Sil H, Sen T, Moulik S, Chatterjee A.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Anti cancers </span><br />
In
the review of anti-tumor p53 functions by dietary plant polyphenols
particularly black tea and its active component theaflavins, by dietary
plant polyphenols particularly black tea and its active component
theaflavins has gained immense recognition from the point of view of
both efficacy and safety, indicated that the review discusses about the
possible role of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-p53
cross talk in targeting CSCs. Such attempts to target the
complexities of p53 functions during neogenesis will be of immense
help in developing a "new" strategy for successful cancer prevention
and therapy by theaflavins, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Operation 'p53 Hunt' to combat cancer: Theaflavins in action</span>" by Mohanty S, Adhikary A, Chakrabarty S, Sa G, Das T.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities</span><br />
In the investigation of the role of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>, a polyphenol substance extracted from black tea, in attenuating acute I/R injury in a fatty liver model, found that <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>
significantly diminished the ROS production of steatotic hepatocytes
and TNF-α production by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and concluded
that <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>
has protective effects against I/R injury in fatty livers by
anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms,
according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mouse fatty liver model</span>" by<br />
Luo XY, Takahara T, Hou J, Kawai K, Sugiyama T, Tsukada K, Takemoto M, Takeuchi M, Zhong L, Li XK.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. HIV-1 infection</span><br />
In
the investigation of the mechanism by which TFmix inhibits HIV-1
infection was investigated using time-of-addition, found that TFmix is
an economic natural product preparation containing high content of
theaflavins with potent anti-HIV-1 activity by targeting the viral
entry step through the disruption of gp41 6-HB core structure. It has a
potential to be developed as a safe and affordable topical
microbicide for preventing sexual transmission of HIV, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">A
natural theaflavins preparation inhibits HIV-1 infection by targeting
the entry step: Potential applications for preventing HIV-1 infection</span>" by Yang J, Li L, Tan S, Jin H, Qiu J, Mao Q, Li R, Xia C, Jiang ZH, Jiang S, Liu S.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Cholesterol</span><br />
In
the investigation of 240 men and women 18 years or older on a low-fat
diet with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia were randomly assigned
to receive a daily capsule containing theaflavin-enriched green tea
extract (375 mg) or placebo for 12 weeks, found that after 12 weeks, the
mean ± SEM changes from baseline in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C,
and triglyceride levels were -11.3% ± 0.9% (P = .01), -16.4% ± 1.1% (P =
.01), 2.3% ± 2.1% (P = .27), and 2.6% ± 3.5% (P = .47), respectively,
in the tea extract group. The mean levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C,
HDL-C, and triglycerides did not change significantly in the placebo
group. No significant adverse events were observed, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of a Theaflavin-Enriched Green Tea Extract</span>"
by David J. Maron, MD; Guo Ping Lu, MD; Nai Sheng Cai, MD; Zong Gui
Wu, MD; Yue Hua Li, MD; Hui Chen, MD; Jian Qiu Zhu, MD; Xue Juan Jin,
MS; Bert C. Wouters, MA; Jian Zhao, PhD.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Parkinson's disease</span><br />
In the assessment of the effect of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> against MPTP/p induced neurodegenaration in C57BL/6 mice, found that <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>
attenuates MPTP/p induced apoptosis and neurodegeneration as
evidenced by increased expression of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase (TH),
dopamine transporter (DAT) and reduced apoptotic markers such as
caspase-3, 8, 9 accompanied by normalized behavioral characterization.
This may be due to anti oxidative and anti apoptotic activity,
according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, a black tea polyphenol, protects nigral dopaminergic neurons against chronic MPTP/probenecid induced Parkinson's disease</span>" by Anandhan A, Tamilselvam K, Radhiga T, Rao S, Essa MM, Manivasagam T.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Antioxidant effects</span><br />
In the investigation of four main TF derivatives (<span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> (TF(1)), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate (TF(2)A), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3'-gallate (TF(2)B), and <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3,3'-digallate
(TF(3))) in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro, their
properties of inhibiting superoxide, singlet oxygen, hydrogen
peroxide, and the hydroxyl radical, and their effects on hydroxyl
radical-induced DNA oxidative damage, found that compared with
(-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), TF derivatives were good
antioxidants for scavenging ROS and preventing the hydroxyl
radical-induced DNA damage in vitro. TF(3) was the most positive in
scavenging hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, and TF(1) suppressed
superoxide. Positive antioxidant capacities of TF(2)B on singlet
oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and the hydroxyl
radical-induced DNA damage in vitro were found, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Evaluation of the antioxidant effects of four main </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> derivatives through chemiluminescence and DNA damage analyses</span>" by Wu YY, Li W, Xu Y, Jin EH, Tu YY.(7)<br />
<br style="font-weight: bold;" />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. Antibacterial effects</span><br />
in the evaluation of the antibacterial effects of various concentrations of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> as well as combinations of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> and epicatechin, using the disk diffusion assay, found that strong antibacterial activity of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> against eight clinical isolates of S. maltophilia and A. baumannii. Significant synergy (P≤0.05) was also observed between <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> and epicatechin against all isolates, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antibacterial effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and synergy with epicatechin against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</span>" by Betts JW, Kelly SM, Haswell SJ.(8)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. Gastric ulcer healing</span><br />
In
the investigation of black tea (BT) and its constituent theaflavins
(TFs) during their healing action against indomethacin-induced stomach
ulceration in mice, found that Treatment with BT (40 mg/kg) and TF (1
mg/kg) for 3 days reversed these parameters and provided excellent
(78-81%) ulcer healing. However, alterations of NOS expressions and
levels of selectins and CAMs were only partially responsible for the
excellent healing capacity (∼80%) of omeprazole (3 mg/kg × 3 days),
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Black tea and theaflavins
suppress various inflammatory modulators and i-NOS mediated nitric
oxide synthesis during gastric ulcer healing</span>" by Adhikary B, Yadav SK, Chand S, Bandyopadhyay SK, Chattopadhyay S.(9)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Cardio-protective activities</span><br />
In the analyzing the protective effect of <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span> (TF1) and its underlying mechanism,<br />
found
that (1) compared with the control group, TF1 (10, 20, 40 μmol/l)
displayed a better recovery of cardiac function after
ischemia/reperfusion in a concentration-dependent manner. At 60 min of
reperfusion, LVDP, ± LVdP/dt (max) and CF in the TF1 group were much
higher than those in the control group, whereas left ventricular
end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in the TF1 group was lower than that in
the control group (P < 0.01). (2) Pretreatment with glibenclamide
(10 μmol/l), a K(ATP) antagonist, completely abolished the
cardioprotective effects of TF1 (20 μmol/l). Also, most of the effects
of TF1 (20 μmol/l) on cardiac function after 60 min of reperfusion
were reversed by 5-HD (100 μmol/l), a selective mitochondria K(ATP)
antagonist. (3) Atractyloside (20 μmol/l), a mitochondrial permeability
transition pore (mPTP) opener, administered at the beginning of 15
min of reperfusion completely abolished the cardioprotection of TF1
(20 μmol/l), according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">ATP-dependent potassium channels and mitochondrial permeability transition pores play roles in the cardioprotection of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> in young rat</span>" by Ma H, Huang X, Li Q, Guan Y, Yuan F, Zhang Y.(10)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">11. Cervical cancer</span><br />
In
the study of antiproliferative activity of theaflavins in cervical
carcinoma HeLa cells and their effects on cellular microtubules and
purified goat brain tubulin, found that in vitro, polymerization of
purified tubulin into microtubules was also inhibited by theaflavins
with an IC(50) value of 78 ± 2.43 μg/mL (P < 0.01). Thus, disruption
of cellular microtubule network of HeLa cells through microtubule
depolymerization may be one of the possible mechanisms of
antiproliferative activity of theaflavins, according to " <span style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavins depolymerize microtubule network through tubulin binding and cause apoptosis of cervical carcinoma HeLa cells</span>" by Chakrabarty S, Das A, Bhattacharya A, Chakrabarti G.(11)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">12. Allergic effects</span><br />
In the determination of the preventive effects of black tea theaflavins, <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate (3-TF) and <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3,3'-digallate
(TFDG), on oxazolone-induced type IV allergy in male ICR mice, found
that the anti-allergic mechanisms of action of theaflavins involve
inhibition of the fluctuations of cytokines and maintenance of
antioxidant status in allergic mice, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Preventive effects of black tea theaflavins against mouse type IV allergy</span>" by Yoshino K, Yamazaki K, Sano M.(12)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">13. Alzheimer's disease and obesity</span><br />
In
the investigation of the effect of Theaflavin and the symptoms of
Alzheimer's disease and reduce the body weight of obese individuals,
found that Clearly TH(2) inhibits PAI-1 and might play a role in slowing
down the progression of Alzheimer's disease or obesity by a
PAI-1-dependent pathway. While the clinical value of TH(2) has not been
proven, long-term prospective studies assessing its efficacy are
warranted due to the benign nature of the substance, according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> digallate inactivates plasminogen activator inhibitor: could tea help in Alzheimer's disease and obesity?</span>" by Skrzypczak-Jankun E, Jankun J.(13)<br />
<br />
14. Etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B.6. Theaflavin-3-gallate</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin-3-gallate</span>, a
theaflavin derivative, is phytochemicals of Flavan-3-ols, in the group
of Flavonoids (polyphenols) found abundantly in green and black tea.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Antioxidant capacities</span><br />
In the comparison of TF derivatives (theaflavin (TF(1)), <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
(TF(2)A), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF(2)B), and
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF(3))) in scavenging reactive oxygen
species (ROS) in vitro, indicated that positive antioxidant capacities
of TF(2)B on singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and
the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro were found, according
to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Evaluation of the antioxidant effects of four main theaflavin derivatives through chemiluminescence and DNA damage analyses</span>" by Wu YY, Li W, Xu Y, Jin EH, Tu YY.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Cholesterol</span><br />
In
the study of Theaflavins, which are formed in the production of black
tea, have been suggested being responsible for the
blood-cholesterol-lowering (BCL), found that Ultracentrifugation and
HPLC analysis revealed that the pellets contained mainly <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>,
while the remaining theaflavins were found to be present in the
supernatant. Using purified theaflavin subtypes confirmed that mainly <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
is responsible for multilamellar vesicle formation. These results
show that theaflavins can play a role in decreased intestinal
cholesterol absorption via inhibition of micelle formation, according
to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavins from black tea, especially </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin-3-gallate</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, reduce the incorporation of cholesterol into mixed micelles</span>" by Vermeer MA, Mulder TP, Molhuizen HO.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Antimicrobial activities</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of seven green tea
catechins and four black tea theaflavins, found that
(-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate,
(-)-catechin-3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3,
3'-digallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, and <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
showed antimicrobial activities at nanomolar levels; (ii) most
compounds were more active than were medicinal antibiotics, such as
tetracycline or vancomycin, at comparable concentrations; (iii) the
bactericidal activities of the teas could be accounted for by the levels
of catechins and theaflavins as determined by high-pressure liquid
chromatography; (iv) freshly prepared tea infusions were more active
than day-old teas; and (v) tea catechins without gallate side chains,
gallic acid and the alkaloids caffeine and theobromine also present in
teas, and herbal (chamomile and peppermint) teas that contain no
flavonoids are all inactive, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial activities of tea catechins and theaflavins and tea extracts against Bacillus cereus</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Friedman%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Friedman M, Henika PR, Levin CE, Mandrell RE, Kozukue N.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Edema, 5. anti inflammation</span><br />
found that a single topical application of equimolar of black tea constituents (TF, <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>,
theaflavin-3'-gallate, and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate) strongly
inhibited TPA-induced edema of mouse ears. Application of TFs mixture to
mouse ears 20 min prior to each TPA application once a day for 4 days
inhibited TPA-induced persistent inflammation, as well as TPA-induced
increase in IL-1beta and IL-6 protein levels. TFs also inhibited
arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism via both cyclooxygenase (COX) and
lipoxygenase pathways, according to "I<span style="font-weight: bold;">nhibitory
effects of black tea theaflavin derivatives on
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and
arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse ears</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Huang%20MT%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Huang MT, Liu Y, Ramji D, Lo CY, Ghai G, Dushenkov S, Ho CT.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Allergic effect</span><br />
In the investigation of the preventive effects of black tea theaflavins, <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate (3-TF) and <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), on oxazolone-induced type IV allergy in male ICR mice.<br />
found that oral administration of 3-TF(<span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate)
and TFDG at a dose of 50 mg kg(-1) body weight prevented the
increases in levels of some proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-12
(IL-12), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumour necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Preventive effects of black tea theaflavins against mouse type IV allergy</span>" by Yoshino K, Yamazaki K, Sano M.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Anti cancers</span><br />
In the investigation of the inhibition effects of tea theaflavins complex (TFs), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-3'-digallate (TFDG), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3'-gallate
(TF2B), and an unidentified compound (UC) on the growth of human
liver cancer BEL-7402 cells, gastric cancer MKN-28 cells and acute
promyelocytic leukemia LH-60 cells, found that the inhibition effects of
<span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3'-gallate
(TF2B), TFDG, and UC on BEL-7402 and MKN-28 were stronger than TFs.
The relationship coefficients between monomer concentration and its
inhibition rate against MKN-28 and BEL-7402 were 0.87 and 0.98 for
TF2B, 0.96 and 0.98 for UC, respectively. The IC50 values of TFs, TF2B,
and TFDG were 0.18, 0.11, and 0.16 mM on BEL-7402 cells, and 1.11,
0.22, and 0.25 mM on MKN-28 cells respectively, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> monomers inhibit the cancer cells growth in vitro</span>" by Tu YY, Tang AB, Watanabe N.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. </span><span class="st" style="font-weight: bold;">Leukemia </span><br />
in the investigation of the inhibitory effects of five tea polyphenols, namely theaflavin (TF1), <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
(TF2), theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3),
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and gallic acid, and propyl
gallate (PG) on xanthine oxidase (XO) found that Tea polyphenols and PG
all have potent inhibitory effects (>50%) on PMA-stimulated
superoxide production at 20 approximately 50 microM in HL-60 cells.
Gallic acid (GA) showed no inhibition under the same conditions. At 10
microM, only EGCG, TF3, and PG showed significant inhibition with
potency of PG > EGCG > TF3, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Inhibition
of xanthine oxidase and suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen
species in HL-60 cells by theaflavin-3,3'-digallate,
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and propyl gallate</span>" by Lin JK, Chen PC, Ho CT, Lin-Shiau SY.(7)<br />
<br />
9. Etc. <br />
<br />
<b>B.7.</b> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin-3'-gallate</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin-3'-gallate</span>, a
theaflavin derivative, is phytochemicals of Flavan-3-ols, in the group
of Flavonoids (polyphenols) found abundantly in green and black tea.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Antioxidant capacities</span><br />
In the comparison of TF derivatives (theaflavin (TF(1)), <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
(TF(2)A), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF(2)B), and
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF(3))) in scavenging reactive oxygen
species (ROS) in vitro, indicated that positive antioxidant capacities
of TF(2)B on singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and
the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro were found,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Evaluation of the antioxidant effects of four main theaflavin derivatives through chemiluminescence and DNA damage analyses</span>" by Wu YY, Li W, Xu Y, Jin EH, Tu YY.(1)<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Antimicrobial activities</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of seven green tea
catechins and four black tea theaflavins, found that
(-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate,
(-)-catechin-3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3,
3'-digallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, and <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
showed antimicrobial activities at nanomolar levels; (ii) most
compounds were more active than were medicinal antibiotics, such as
tetracycline or vancomycin, at comparable concentrations; (iii) the
bactericidal activities of the teas could be accounted for by the levels
of catechins and theaflavins as determined by high-pressure liquid
chromatography; (iv) freshly prepared tea infusions were more active
than day-old teas; and (v) tea catechins without gallate side chains,
gallic acid and the alkaloids caffeine and theobromine also present
in teas, and herbal (chamomile and peppermint) teas that contain no
flavonoids are all inactive, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial activities of tea catechins and theaflavins and tea extracts against Bacillus cereus</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Friedman%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Friedman M, Henika PR, Levin CE, Mandrell RE, Kozukue N.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Edema, 4. anti inflammation</span><br />
found that a single topical application of equimolar of black tea constituents (TF, <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>,
theaflavin-3'-gallate, and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate) strongly
inhibited TPA-induced edema of mouse ears. Application of TFs mixture to
mouse ears 20 min prior to each TPA application once a day for 4
days inhibited TPA-induced persistent inflammation, as well as
TPA-induced increase in IL-1beta and IL-6 protein levels. TFs also
inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism via both cyclooxygenase
(COX) and lipoxygenase pathways, according to "I<span style="font-weight: bold;">nhibitory
effects of black tea theaflavin derivatives on
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and
arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse ears</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Huang%20MT%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Huang MT, Liu Y, Ramji D, Lo CY, Ghai G, Dushenkov S, Ho CT.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Allergic effect</span><br />
In the investigation of the preventive effects of black tea theaflavins, <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate (3-TF) and <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), on oxazolone-induced type IV allergy in male ICR mice.<br />
found that oral administration of 3-TF(<span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate)
and TFDG at a dose of 50 mg kg(-1) body weight prevented the
increases in levels of some proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-12
(IL-12), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumour necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Preventive effects of black tea theaflavins against mouse type IV allergy</span>" by Yoshino K, Yamazaki K, Sano M.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Anti cancers</span><br />
In the investigation of the inhibition effects of tea theaflavins complex (TFs), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-3'-digallate (TFDG), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3'-gallate
(TF2B), and an unidentified compound (UC) on the growth of human
liver cancer BEL-7402 cells, gastric cancer MKN-28 cells and acute
promyelocytic leukemia LH-60 cells, found that the inhibition effects of
<span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3'-gallate
(TF2B), TFDG, and UC on BEL-7402 and MKN-28 were stronger than TFs.
The relationship coefficients between monomer concentration and its
inhibition rate against MKN-28 and BEL-7402 were 0.87 and 0.98 for
TF2B, 0.96 and 0.98 for UC, respectively. The IC50 values of TFs, TF2B,
and TFDG were 0.18, 0.11, and 0.16 mM on BEL-7402 cells, and 1.11,
0.22, and 0.25 mM on MKN-28 cells respectively, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> monomers inhibit the cancer cells growth in vitro</span>" by Tu YY, Tang AB, Watanabe N.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. </span><span class="st" style="font-weight: bold;">Leukemia </span><br />
in the investigation of the inhibitory effects of five tea polyphenols, namely theaflavin (TF1), <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
(TF2), theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3),
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and gallic acid, and propyl
gallate (PG) on xanthine oxidase (XO) found that Tea polyphenols and PG
all have potent inhibitory effects (>50%) on PMA-stimulated
superoxide production at 20 approximately 50 microM in HL-60 cells.
Gallic acid (GA) showed no inhibition under the same conditions. At 10
microM, only EGCG, TF3, and PG showed significant inhibition with
potency of PG > EGCG > TF3, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Inhibition
of xanthine oxidase and suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen
species in HL-60 cells by theaflavin-3,3'-digallate,
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and propyl gallate</span>" by Lin JK, Chen PC, Ho CT, Lin-Shiau SY.(6)<br />
<br />
8. Etc. <br />
<br />
<b>B.8. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate</b><br />
<b>Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate</b>, a theaflavin derivative, is phytochemicals of
Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols) found
abundantly in green and black tea.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Antioxidant capacities</span><br />
In the comparison of TF derivatives (theaflavin (TF(1)), <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
(TF(2)A), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF(2)B), and
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF(3))) in scavenging reactive oxygen
species (ROS) in vitro, indicated that positive antioxidant capacities
of TF(2)B on singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and
the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro were found,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Evaluation of the antioxidant effects of four main theaflavin derivatives through chemiluminescence and DNA damage analyses</span>" by Wu YY, Li W, Xu Y, Jin EH, Tu YY.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Antimicrobial activities</span><br />
In
the evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of seven green tea
catechins and four black tea theaflavins, found that
(-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate,
(-)-catechin-3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3,
3'-digallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, and <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
showed antimicrobial activities at nanomolar levels; (ii) most
compounds were more active than were medicinal antibiotics, such as
tetracycline or vancomycin, at comparable concentrations; (iii) the
bactericidal activities of the teas could be accounted for by the levels
of catechins and theaflavins as determined by high-pressure liquid
chromatography; (iv) freshly prepared tea infusions were more active
than day-old teas; and (v) tea catechins without gallate side chains,
gallic acid and the alkaloids caffeine and theobromine also present
in teas, and herbal (chamomile and peppermint) teas that contain no
flavonoids are all inactive, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial activities of tea catechins and theaflavins and tea extracts against Bacillus cereus</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Friedman%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Friedman M, Henika PR, Levin CE, Mandrell RE, Kozukue N.(2)<br />
<br />
3.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Edema, 4. anti inflammation</span><br />
found that a single topical application of equimolar of black tea constituents (TF, <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>,
theaflavin-3'-gallate, and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate) strongly
inhibited TPA-induced edema of mouse ears. Application of TFs mixture to
mouse ears 20 min prior to each TPA application once a day for 4
days inhibited TPA-induced persistent inflammation, as well as
TPA-induced increase in IL-1beta and IL-6 protein levels. TFs also
inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism via both cyclooxygenase
(COX) and lipoxygenase pathways, according to "I<span style="font-weight: bold;">nhibitory
effects of black tea theaflavin derivatives on
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and
arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse ears</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Huang%20MT%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Huang MT, Liu Y, Ramji D, Lo CY, Ghai G, Dushenkov S, Ho CT.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Allergic effect</span><br />
In the investigation of the preventive effects of black tea theaflavins, <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate (3-TF) and <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), on oxazolone-induced type IV allergy in male ICR mice.<br />
found that oral administration of 3-TF(<span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-gallate)
and TFDG at a dose of 50 mg kg(-1) body weight prevented the
increases in levels of some proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-12
(IL-12), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumour necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Preventive effects of black tea theaflavins against mouse type IV allergy</span>" by Yoshino K, Yamazaki K, Sano M.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6</span>. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti cancers</span><br />
In the investigation of the inhibition effects of tea theaflavins complex (TFs), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3-3'-digallate (TFDG), <span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3'-gallate
(TF2B), and an unidentified compound (UC) on the growth of human
liver cancer BEL-7402 cells, gastric cancer MKN-28 cells and acute
promyelocytic leukemia LH-60 cells, found that the inhibition effects of
<span class="highlight">theaflavin</span>-3'-gallate
(TF2B), TFDG, and UC on BEL-7402 and MKN-28 were stronger than TFs.
The relationship coefficients between monomer concentration and its
inhibition rate against MKN-28 and BEL-7402 were 0.87 and 0.98 for
TF2B, 0.96 and 0.98 for UC, respectively. The IC50 values of TFs, TF2B,
and TFDG were 0.18, 0.11, and 0.16 mM on BEL-7402 cells, and 1.11,
0.22, and 0.25 mM on MKN-28 cells respectively, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">The </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">theaflavin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> monomers inhibit the cancer cells growth in vitro</span>" by Tu YY, Tang AB, Watanabe N.(5)<br />
<br />
7.<span class="st" style="font-weight: bold;"> Leukemia </span><br />
in the investigation of the inhibitory effects of five tea polyphenols, namely theaflavin (TF1), <span class="highlight">theaflavin-3-gallate</span>
(TF2), theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3),
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and gallic acid, and propyl
gallate (PG) on xanthine oxidase (XO) found that Tea polyphenols and PG
all have potent inhibitory effects (>50%) on PMA-stimulated
superoxide production at 20 approximately 50 microM in HL-60 cells.
Gallic acid (GA) showed no inhibition under the same conditions. At 10
microM, only EGCG, TF3, and PG showed significant inhibition with
potency of PG > EGCG > TF3, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Inhibition
of xanthine oxidase and suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen
species in HL-60 cells by theaflavin-3,3'-digallate,
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and propyl gallate</span>" by Lin JK, Chen PC, Ho CT, Lin-Shiau SY.(6)<br />
<br />
8. Etc. <br />
<br />
<b>B.9.</b> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Thearubigin</span> <br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Thearubigin</span> with reddish
colour, is a phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids
(polyphenols), formed in tea leaves during <span class="mw-redirect">fermentation</span>.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Tetanus toxin</span><br />
In the elucidation of the mechanism of the protective effect of black tea extract's <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span> fraction against the action of tetanus toxin, found that <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span> fraction mixed with tetanus toxin blocked the inhibitory effect of the toxin. Mixing iodinated toxin with <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span> fraction inhibited the specific binding of [125I]tetanus toxin to the synaptosomal membrane preparation. The effects of <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span> fraction were dose-dependent, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">A mechanism of the </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">thearubigin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> fraction of black tea (Camellia sinensis) extract protecting against the effect of tetanus toxin</span>" by Satoh E, Ishii T, Shimizu Y, Sawamura S, Nishimura M.(1)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">2. Inflammatory bowel disease </span><br />
in the examination of examine the protective effects of <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span>,
an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant beverage derivative, on
2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice, a
model for inflammatory bowel disease, found that pretreatment of mice
with <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span>
(40 mg kg(-1) day(-1), i.g. for 10 days) significantly ameliorated
the appearance of diarrhoea and the disruption of colonic
architecture. Higher dose (100 mg kg(-1)) had comparable effects. This
was associated with a significant reduction in the degree of both
neutrophil infiltration and lipid peroxidation in the inflamed colon
as well as decreased serine protease activity. <span class="highlight">Thearubigin</span>
also reduced the levels of NO and O(2)(-) associated with the
favourable expression of T-helper 1 cytokines and iNOS, according to "<span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Thearubigin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, the major polyphenol of black tea, ameliorates mucosal injury in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Maity%20S%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Maity S, Ukil A, Karmakar S, Datta N, Chaudhuri T, Vedasiromoni JR, Ganguly DK, Das PK.(2)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Prostate cancers</span><br />
In the comparison of the anti-proliferative effect of black tea (Camellia sinensis) polyphenol, <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span>
(TR), alone or combined with the isoflavone genistein, on human
prostate (PC-3) carcinoma cells, found that TR administered alone did
not result in any alteration of cell growth. When combined with
genistein, however, TR significantly inhibited cell growth and induced a
G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in a dose dependent manner. These
findings indicate the potential use of combined phytochemicals to
provide protection against prostate cancer, according to " <span style="font-weight: bold;">Synergistic effects of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">thearubigin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and genistein on human prostate tumor cell (PC-3) growth via cell cycle arrest</span>" by Sakamoto K.(3)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. </span><span class="st" style="font-weight: bold;"><i>A375</i> melanoma <i>cells</i></span><br />
In
the observation of observed the role of the three most important MAPK
(ERK, JNK, and p38) in TF- and TR-induced apoptosis, found that TF and
TR treatment induces a time-dependent increase in intracellular
reactive oxygen species generation in A375 cells. Interestingly,
treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cystein inhibits TF- and
TR-induced JNK and p38 activation as well as induction of cell death in
A375 cells. We also provide evidence demonstrating the critical role
of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 in TF- and TR-induced
apoptosis in A375 cells, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Role of oxidation-triggered activation of JNK and p38 MAPK in black tea polyphenols induced apoptotic death of A375 cells</span>" by Bhattacharya U, Halder B, Mukhopadhyay S, Giri AK.(4)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Anticlastogenic effects </span><br />
In
the investigation of potent antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effects
of TF and TR in vitro in human cells in vitro, found that a
significant decrease in both CA and MN were observed in the human
lymphocyte cultures treated with either TF or TR pretreated with either
B[a]P or AFB1 (250, 500, 1000 microg/ml) when compared with B[a]P or
AFB1 treated cultures alone. TF shows more protective effects than TR
in this in vitro system. These results indicate that both TF and TR
have significant anticlastogenic effects in vitro in human
lymphocytes, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anticlastogenic effects of black tea polyphenols theaflavins and thearubigins in human lymphocytes in vitro</span>" by Halder B, Pramanick S, Mukhopadhyay S, Giri AK.(5)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. Antioxidative properties</span><br />
In
the review of the different issues and studies relating to
composition, manufacturing, and antioxidative effects of black tea and
its components in vitro as well as in vivo, found that Antioxidative
properties of black tea are manifested by its ability to inhibit free
radical generation, scavenge free radicals, and chelate transition
metal ions. Black tea, as well as individual theaflavins, can influence
activation of transcription factors such as NFkappaB or AP-1,
according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antioxidative properties of black tea</span>" by Łuczaj W, Skrzydlewska E.(6)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">7. Hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 system</span><br />
In
the investigation of Theaflavins and theafulvins, a fraction of
thearubigins, isolated from aqueous infusions of black tea, and their
effects on the hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 system, found
that treatment with theafulvins and theaflavins reduced the apoprotein
levels. A single band in the cytochrome P450 region was evident when
the intestinal microsomes were probed with antibodies to CYP4A1 but the
level of expression was not affected by the treatment with the black
tea polyphenols, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 and conjugase activities in rats treated with black tea theafulvins and theaflavins</span>" by Catterall F, McArdle NJ, Mitchell L, Papayanni A, Clifford MN, Ioannides C.(7)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">8. Chronic myeloid leukemia</span><br />
In the observation of the anticancer effect of black tea (BT) and its polyphenols theaflavin (TF) and <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span>
(TR) on U-937 cell line, a myeloid leukemic cell line and on
leukemic cells isolated from peripheral blood of chronic myeloid
leukemia (CML), found that BT, TF and TR. MTT assay showed growth
inhibition of metabolically active cells and inhibition of DNA
synthesis was observed by 3H-Thymidine incorporation after treatment
with the compounds. In all cases TF and TR were more effective than BT,
suggesting that these are possibly the active components in BT
responsible for its antileukemic activity, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Studies with black tea and its constituents on leukemic cells and cell lines</span>" by Das M, Chaudhuri T, Goswami SK, Murmu N, Gomes A, Mitra S, Besra SE, Sur P, Vedasiromoni JR.(8)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">9. Oxidative stress</span><br />
In
the investigation of scavenging property of black tea and catechins,
the major flavonols of tea-leaf, against damage by oxidative stress,
found that Black tea extract in comparison to free catechins seemed to
be a better protecting agent against various types of oxidative
stress. Apparently, conversion of catechins to partially polymerized
products such as theaflavin or <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span> during 'fermentation' process for making black tea has no deleterious effect on its scavenging properties, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Protective role of black tea against oxidative damage of human red blood cells</span>" by Halder J, Bhaduri AN.(9)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">10. Antioxidative effects</span><br />
In the study of the antioxidative activity of theaflavins (TFs) and <span class="highlight">thearubigin</span>
(TR) purified from the infusion of black tea leaves, using the
tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver
homogenates, found that activity of black tea was about as potent as
that of green tea. These results suggest that black tea infusion
containing TFs and TR could inhibit lipid peroxidation in biological
conditions in the same way as green tea infusion containing
epicatechins, according to "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antioxidative effects of black tea theaflavins and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">thearubigin</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> on lipid peroxidation of rat liver homogenates induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide</span>" by Yoshino K, Hara Y, Sano M, Tomita I.(10)<br />
<br />
11. Etc.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Pharmacy In Vegetables</span><br />
<a href="http://469f5g0fi9un1htqxo0f-lck7l.hop.clickbank.net/">Use the science behind the health benefits of vegetables<br />to improve your health, delay aging and cure major diseases.</a><br />
<h1>
</h1>
For other phytochemicals articles, please visit<a href="http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/2011/10/phytochemicals-health-benefits.html"> http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/2011/10/phytochemicals-health-benefits.html</a><br />
other health articles, please visit<br />
<a href="http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/">http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/</a><br />
<br />
<b>C. Quoted From Foods to prevent and treat diseases</b><br />
<b>1. Dementia</b><br />
Green tea contains more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food
with the same volume, and is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone
minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China. Green tea
has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used
exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Because
of their health benefits, they have been cultivated for commercial
purposes all over the world. Some researchers suggested that the
catechin polyphenols constituents of green tea, which were for long time
regarded merely as dietary <span class="highlight">antioxidants</span>,
have caught our and other scientist's attention because of their
diverse pharmacological activities, which have been allied to a possible
beneficial action on brain health. This review will elaborate on the
impact of nutritional supplementation on brain function in general, and
provide a compilation of the most updated literature on epidemiology,
clinical and animal studies with green tea polyphenols in ageassociated
cognitive decline and in fighting neurodegenerative diseases(1).<br />
<br />
2. <b>Anxiety </b><br />
<b>Green tea</b><br />
In the study of to examine the acute effects of L-theanine in comparison with a standard
benzodiazepine anxiolytic, alprazolam and placebo on behavioural
measures of <span class="highlight">anxiety</span> in healthy human subjects using the model of anticipatory <span class="highlight">anxiety</span> (AA), indicated that some evidence for relaxing effects of L-theanine during the baseline
condition on the tranquil-troubled subscale of the VAMS. Alprazolam did
not exert any anxiolytic effects in comparison with the placebo on any
of the measures during the relaxed state. Neither L-theanine nor
alprazalam had any significant anxiolytic effects during the
experimentally induced <span class="highlight">anxiety</span> state(1). Others study suggested that L-theanine does not produce anxiolysis by modulation of the GABAA
receptor; however, in combination with midazolam, a synergistic or
additive effect was demonstrated by decreased <span class="highlight">anxiety</span>
and both fine and basic motor movements. These data may provide
direction for further studies examining L-theanine and its effects on <span class="highlight">anxiety</span> and motor activity(2). <br />
<br />
<b>3. Autism</b><br />
In the study to investigate the role of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract in reversing cardinal behavioral changes and aberrations in
oxidative stress induced by valproate exposure. Young mice of both
genders received a single dose of valproate (400mg/kg subcutaneously) on
postnatal day 14 followed by a daily dose of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract (75 and 300mg/kg) orally up to postnatal day 40, showed that a
significant improvement in behavioral assessments particularly with
300mg/kg of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract. Formation of markers of oxidative stress was reduced at both
dose levels. Histological findings confirm the neuroprotective effect of
<span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> at a dose of 300mg/kg. In conclusion it can be stated that <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
exerts neuronal cytoprotective action possibly due to anti-oxidant
action and could be efficacious in the management of autism(3).<br />
<br />
4. <b><span class="highlight">Alzheimer's disease</span></b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Epigallocatechin</span>, including
catechins, is a phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of
Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in green tea, St John wort,
black Tea, carob flour, Fuji apples, etc.<br />
In the investgation of the <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> compound epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in inhibition of <span class="highlight">Alzheimer's disease</span> β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) neurotoxicity, showed that EGCG interferes with the aromatic hydrophobic core of Aβ. The C-terminal
part of the Aβ peptide (residues 22-39) adopts a β-sheet conformation,
whereas the N-terminus (residues 1-20) is unstructured. The
characteristic salt bridge involving residues D23 and K28 is present in
the structure of these oligomeric Aβ aggregates as well. The structural
analysis of small-molecule-induced amyloid aggregates will open new
perspectives for <span class="highlight">Alzheimer's disease</span> drug developmen(4). <br />
<br />
5. <b>Osteoarthritis </b><br />
<span class="highlight">In the review of </span><span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>'s
active ingredient, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), dr. Ahmed S. at
the College of Pharmacy summarized that the limitations of the dose,
pharmacokinetics, and
bioavailability of EGCG in experimental animals and findings related to
the EGCG-drug interaction. Although these findings provide scientific
evidence of the anti-rheumatic activity of EGCG, further preclinical
studies are warranted before phase clinical trials could be initiated
with confidence for patients with joint diseases(5).<br />
<br />
6. <b>Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)</b><br />
EGCG in experimental animals and findings related to the EGCG-drug
interaction. Although these findings provide scientific evidence of the
anti-rheumatic activity of EGCG, further preclinical studies are
warranted before phase clinical trials could be initiated with
confidence for patients with joint diseases(6).<br />
<br />
7. <b>Coronary heart disease and diabetes</b><br />
Green tea contains
more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food with the same
volume, and is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone minimal
oxidation during processing, originated from China. Green tea has been a
precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in
socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Because of their
health benefits, they have been cultivated for commercial purposes all
over the world.<br />
a. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Cholesterol<br />In the investigation of </span>theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract in association with cholesterol levels of the study of "<span class="highlight">Cholesterol</span>-lowering effect of a theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract: a randomized controlled trial" by Maron DJ, Lu GP, Cai NS, Wu
ZG, Li YH, Chen H, Zhu JQ, Jin XJ, Wouters BC, Zhao J.(5), researchers
found that The theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract is an effective adjunct to a low-saturated-fat diet to
reduce LDL-C in hypercholesterolemic adults and is well tolerated.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"> b. Immune system</span><br />
In the investigation of the immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract in rain bow of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (Camellia sinensis) on the </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">immune system</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Sheikhzadeh%20N%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Sheikhzadeh N, Nofouzi K, Delazar A, Oushani AK.(6), researchers found that showed that decaffeinated <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> in lower doses of administration could be optimum to enhance the immunity of rainbow trout. <br />
c. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Antioxidant Activity</span><br />
In the investigation of l-Theanine is a unique amino acid in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea effects </span>on ethanol-induced liver injury of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">l-Theanine prevents alcoholic liver injury through enhancing the </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">antioxidant</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> capability of hepatocytes"</span>
by Li G, Ye Y, Kang J, Yao X, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Gao M, Dai Y, Xin Y,
Wang Q, Yin Z, Luo L(7), researchers found that l-theanine
significantly inhibited ethanol-induced reduction of mouse <span class="highlight">antioxidant</span>
capability which included the activities of SOD, CAT and GR, and level
of GSH. These results indicated that l-theanine prevented
ethanol-induced liver injury through enhancing hepatocyte <span class="highlight">antioxidant</span> abilities.<br />
<b>d. Diabetes</b><br />
In the evaluation of Abstract <span class="highlight">Tea</span> (Camellia sinensis) effects in type II diabetes management of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Anti-Hyperglycemia Properties of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">Tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (Camellia sinensis) Bioactives Using In Vitro Assay Models and Influence of Extraction Time</span>" by.Ankolekar C, Terry T, Johnson K, Johnson D, Barbosa AC, Shetty K(8), researchers wrote that <span class="highlight">tea</span> offers an attractive potential strategy to regulate postprandial hyperglycemia toward an overall dietary support for type 2 <span class="highlight">diabetes</span> management.<br />
<br />
<br />
8. <b>Cataracts</b><br />
In the study to evaluate the effect of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in cultured rabbit lens
epithelial cells in order to pave a new way to postcapsular opacity
(PCO) prevention, found that <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">Tea</span>
Constituent(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate could inhibit cultured rabbit
lens epithelial cells proliferation by inducing their apoptosis in the
concentration used by us, which indicates that it is possible to prevent
PCO by using herb extract(7).<br />
<br />
<br />
9. <b>Chlamydia</b> <br />
Biosynthesized tea polyphenols showed antichlamydial activity against <span class="highlight">Chlamydia</span>
trachomatis D/UW-3/Cx and L2/434/Bu using cell culture. The most active
compounds were (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epicatechin
gallate, followed by (-)-epicatechin (EC). (+)-Epicatechin and
(-)-epigallocatechin were intermediate(4). other researchers found In
vitro inhibitory effects of tea polyphenols on the proliferation of <span class="highlight">Chlamydia</span> trachomatis and <span class="highlight">Chlamydia</span> pneumoniae(8).<br />
<br />
<br />
10. <b>Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)</b><br />
In the study to investigate <span class="highlight">chronic</span> <span class="highlight">fatigue</span> produced in mice by subjecting them to forced swim inside a
rectangular jar of specific dimensions for 6 min. daily for 15 days.
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o., showed that behavioural
and biochemical alterations were restored after <span class="highlight">chronic</span> treatment with EGCG. The present study points out that EGCG could be of therapeutic potential in the treatment of <span class="highlight">chronic</span> <span class="highlight">fatigue(9)</span>.<br />
<br />
<br />
11. <b><span class="st">Autoimmune diseases</span></b><br />
<span class="st">In the review of </span>supplemented by hitherto unpublished data of the authors and
their coworkers, shows that the intake of polyphenols contained in
natural sources, such as <b>hydroxytyrosol, <span class="highlight">tyrosol</span>,
oleuropein (olives)</b>, <b>naringin and hesperidin (Citrus fruits)</b>,
<b>resveratrol, procyanidins or oligomeric procyanidin (grapes or grape
seed extracts</b>), <b>(-)-epigallocatechin gallate (green tea) and quercetin
(grapes, green tea</b>) etc., are able to modulate chronic inflammatory <span class="highlight">diseases</span>, such as type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel <span class="highlight">disease</span>, etc(10).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
12. <b>Candidiasis</b><br />
In the study of the effects of 4 different concentrations of <b>catechins and theaflavins</b>
were evaluated on 5 isolates each of 5 Candida species employing an agar
diffusion growth inhibition assay, showed that both <span class="highlight">polyphenols</span> showed <span class="highlight">anti-Candida</span> <span class="highlight">activity</span>
against all tested Candida species and demonstrated a MIC of 6.25 mg/ml
for C. albicans. C. glabrata was found to be the most sensitive species
followed by C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, C. krusei and C. tropicalis
(p < 0.05 for all). Significant intraspecies variations in
sensitivity were noted among C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis (p <
0.001) for both <span class="highlight">polyphenols</span>.
Theaflavins displayed standard PAFE while catechins showed a
paradoxical PAFE with all isolates of C. albicans. SEM revealed
considerable cell wall damage of C. albicans cells exposed to the <span class="highlight">polyphenols(11).</span><br />
<br />
<b><span class="highlight">13. </span><span class="highlight">Stroke</span></b><br />
<span class="highlight">In the review of the emerging evidence for <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> in <span class="highlight">stroke</span> prevention, showed that <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
is a safe and cheap beverage. Its consumption should be encouraged
because it could potentially serve as a practical method for <span class="highlight">stroke</span> prevention(4). Other suggested that Potential mechanisms by which <span class="highlight">tea</span>
and coffee phytochemicals can exert effects for CVD protection include
the regulation of vascular tone through effects on endothelial function,
improved glucose metabolism, increased reverse cholesterol transport
and inhibition of foam cell formation, inhibition of oxidative stress,
immunomodulation and effects on platelet function (adhesion and
activation, aggregation and clotting). The phytochemical compounds in <span class="highlight">tea</span>
and coffee and their metabolites are suggested to influence protective
endogenous pathways by modulation of gene-expression. It is not known
exactly which compounds are responsible for the suggestive protective
effects of <span class="highlight">tea</span> and coffee. Although many biologically active compounds have been identified with known biological effects, <span class="highlight">tea</span> and coffee contain many unidentified compounds with potential bioactivity(12). </span><br />
<br />
<b>14. Depression</b><br />
In the study to investigate the antidepressant-like effects and the possible mechanism of action of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> in widely used mouse models of <span class="highlight">depression</span>, found that GTP has antidepressant-like effects, and this action did not induce nonspecific motor changes in mice. <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
polyphenols also reduced serum corticosterone and ACTH levels in mice
exposed to the FST. The present study demonstrated that GTP exerts
antidepressant-like effects in a mouse behavioral models of <span class="highlight">depression</span>, and the mechanism may involve inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis(13). <br />
<br />
15. <b>Crohn's disease</b><br />
The bioactive compound epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major component of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>,
has been shown to target histamine-producing cells producing great
alterations in their behavior, with relevant effects on their
proliferative potential, as well as their adhesion, migration, and
invasion potentials. EGCG has been shown to have potent anti-inflammatory, anti-tumoral, and
anti-angiogenic effects and to be a potent inhibitor of the
histamine-producing enzyme, histidine decarboxylase. Herein, we review
the many specific effects of EGCG on concrete molecular targets of
histamine-producing cells and discuss the relevance of these data to
support the potential therapeutic interest of this compound to treat
inflammation-dependent diseases(14).<b> </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>16. <b>Endometriosis</b></b><br />
In the study to evaluate the antiangiogenesis mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in an <span class="highlight">endometriosis</span>
model in vivo. Dr. Xu H, and the research team atThe Chinese University
of Hong Kong, showed that GCG, but not vitamin E, inhibited
microvessels in endometriotic
implants. EGCG selectively suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor
C (VEGFC) and tyrosine kinase receptor VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2)
expression. EGCG down-regulated VEGFC/VEGFR2 signaling through c-JUN,
interferon-γ, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and chemokine (C-X-C motif)
ligand 3 pathways for endothelial proliferation, inflammatory response,
and mobility. EGCG also suppressed VEGFC expression and reduced VEGFR2
and ERK activation in endothelial cells. VEGFC supplementation
attenuated the inhibitory effects by EGCG(15).<br />
<br />
17. <b><span class="st">Fibroids</span></b><br />
<span class="st">In the study </span>to investigate the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on rat <span class="highlight">leiomyoma</span>
(ELT3) cells in vitro and in a nude mice model, found that Inhibitory
effect of EGCG (200 micromol/L) on ELT3 cells was observed
after 24 hours of treatment (P < .05). At > or = 50 micromol/L,
EGCG significantly decreased PCNA and Cdk4 protein levels (P < .05).
In vivo, EGCG treatment dramatically reduced the volume and weight of <span class="highlight">tumors</span>
at 4 and 8 weeks after the treatment (P < .05). The PCNA and Cdk4
protein levels were significantly reduced in the EGCG-treated group (P
< .05)(1). Others suggested that the <span class="highlight">tumors</span> in
the EGCG fed birds were smaller than those found in the control birds (P
= .001). Serum and liver malondialdehyde and TNF-alpha concentrations
decreased (P = .001) with EGCG supplementation. The results indicate
that dietary supplementation with EGCG reduces the incidence and size of
spontaneously occurring <span class="highlight">leiomyoma</span>
of the oviduct in Japanese quail. Clinical trials should be conducted
to investigate the efficacy of EGCG supplementation in the prevention
and treatment of uterine <span class="highlight">leiomyoma</span> in humans(16). <br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>18. Flu (influenza) </b><br />
<b> </b><span class="st">In </span>an observational study to determine the association between <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption and the incidence of <span class="highlight">influenza</span> infection among schoolchildren, showed that the adjusted OR associated with the consumption of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> for ≥6 d/wk compared with <3 d/wk was 0.60 [(95% CI = 0.39-0.92); P = 0.02] in cases of <span class="highlight">influenza</span>
confirmed by the antigen test. Meanwhile, the adjusted OR inversely
associated with the consumption of 1 cup/d to <3 cups/d (1 cup = 200
mL) and 3-5 cups/d compared with <1 cup/d were 0.62 [(95% CI =
0.41-0.95); P = 0.03] and 0.54 [(95% CI = 0.30-0.94); P = 0.03],
respectively. However, there was no significant association with the
consumption of >5 cups/d. Our findings thus suggest that the
consumption of 1-5 cups/d of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> may prevent <span class="highlight">influenza</span> infection in children(17).<br />
<br />
18. <b><span class="articleText">Hepatitis</span></b><br />
Quercetin, a ubiquitous plant flavonoid, has been identified to inhibit NS3
activity in a specific dose-dependent manner in an in vitro catalysis
assay, showed that<span class="articleText"> </span>quercetin has a direct inhibitory effect on the HCV NS3 protease. These
results point to the potential of quercetin as a natural nontoxic
anti-HCV agent reducing viral production by inhibiting both NS3 and heat
shock proteins essential for HCV replication(18). <br />
<br />
19. <b> Herpes</b><br />
Researchers at the Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, in the study of<br />
Digallate dimers of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate inactivate <span class="highlight">herpes simplex virus, found that</span> all EGCG dimers inactivated enveloped viruses with class I, class II,
and class III (HSV-1, HSV-2) fusion proteins more effectively than did
monomeric EGCG. EGCG had no activity against the nonenveloped viruses
tested, but TF-3 reduced the titer of 4 of 5 nonenveloped viruses by ≅2
to 3.5 log(10). Results also showed that HSV-1 glycoprotein B (gB) was
aggregated more rapidly by theasinensin A than EGCG, which, when taken
together with the nonenveloped <span class="highlight">virus</span>
data, suggests that dimers may inhibit the function of viral proteins
required for infectivity. Digallate dimers of EGCG appear to have
excellent potential as microbicidal agents against HSV at acidic and
neutral pHs(19).<br />
<br />
20. <b>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)</b><br />
In thye study to investigate the effects of EGCG on Tat-induced <span class="highlight">HIV</span>-1
transactivation and potential mechanisms by which EGCG inhibited
activation of NF-κB pathway, found that EGCG supplementation
significantly improved the changes associated with
Tat-induced oxidative stress by increasing nuclear levels of Nrf2,
decreasing levels of NF-κB and ROS production. EGCG reversed
Tat-mediated AKT activation and AMPK inhibition in MAGI cells. EGCG
inhibited Tat-induced LTR transactivation in a dose-dependent manner and
Nrf2 signaling pathway may be the primary target for prevention of
Tat-induced <span class="highlight">HIV</span>-1
transactivation by EGCG, and EGCG also reduce NF-κB activation by
inhibiting AKT signaling pathway and activating AMPK signaling pathway(20). <br />
<br />
21. <b>Cholesterol </b><br />
<i><i> </i></i>Drinking multiple cups of <span class="highlight">tea</span> per day is associated with lowering low-density lipoprotein <span class="highlight">cholesterol</span> (LDL-C). In the study of the impact of a theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract on the lipids and lipoproteins of subjects with mild to
moderate hypercholesterolemia, indicated that theaflavin-enriched <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
extract is an effective adjunct to a low-saturated-fat diet
to reduce LDL-C in hypercholesterolemic adults and is well tolerated(21).<br />
<br />
22. <b> HPV (human papilloma virus)</b><br />
In the study of the inhibitory effects on a variety of enzymatic and
metabolic pathways involved in cancer development, showed that
Sinecatechins demonstrated growth inhibitory potential in all four human
papillomavirus-infected tumor cell lines, which may be attributed to
the induction of apoptosis, mediated by cell cycle deregulation. In
addition, this antiproliferative effect may contribute to the overall
cancer-preventative function and possible direct antiviral activity of
sinecatechins that may contribute to external genital and perianal warts
clearance(22). <br />
<br />
23. <b>hypertension</b><br />
In the study to to examine the hypothesis that supplementation with GT alters insulin
resistance and associated cardiovascular risk factors in obese,
hypertensive patients, showed that supplementation also contributed to significant (P < .05) decreases
in the total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides,
but an increase in <span class="highlight">high</span>-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In conclusion, daily supplementation with 379 mg of GTE favorably influences <span class="highlight">blood</span> <span class="highlight">pressure</span>, insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress, and lipid profile in patients with obesity-related <span class="highlight">hypertension(23)</span>.<br />
<br />
<br />
24. <b><span class="st">Genital herpes</span></b><br />
<span class="highlight">EGCG</span> has
greater anti-HSV activity than other green tea catechins and inactivates
multiple clinical isolates of HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2. <span class="highlight">EGCG</span> reduced HSV-2 titers by >or=1,000-fold in 10 to 20 min and reduced HSV-1 titers by the same amount in 30 to 40 min(24).<br />
<br />
25.<b> Gallstone</b> <br />
In the study to evaluate the effects of <span class="highlight">tea</span>
consumption on the risk of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones.
The study included 627 incident cases with biliary tract cancer, 1,037
cases with biliary stones and 959 randomly selected controls with Forty-one percent of the controls were ever <span class="highlight">tea</span> drinkers, defined as those who consumed at least 1 cup of <span class="highlight">tea</span> per day for at least 6 months, showed that . After adjustment for age, education and body mass index, among women, ever <span class="highlight">tea</span>
drinkers had significantly reduced risks of biliary stones (OR = 0.73,
95% CI = 0.54-0.98) and gallbladder cancer (OR = 0.56, 95% CI =
0.38-0.83). The inverse relationship between <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption and gallbladder cancer risk was independent of gallstone disease(25).<br />
<br />
26. <b><span class="st">Liver disease</span></b><br />
<span class="st">In the study to evaluate</span> the association between consumption of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> and various serum markers in a Japanese population, with special reference to preventive effects of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> against cardiovascular disease and disorders of the <span class="highlight">liver</span>, found that Increased consumption of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
was associated with decreased serum concentrations of total cholesterol
(P for trend < 0.001) and triglyceride (P for trend = 0.02) and an
increased proportion of high density lipoprotein cholesterol together
with a decreased proportion of low and very low lipoprotein cholesterols
(P for trend = 0.02), which resulted in a decreased atherogenic index
(P for trend = 0.02). Moreover, increased consumption of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>,
especially more than 10 cups a day, was related to decreased
concentrations of hepatological markers in serum, aspartate
aminotransferase (P for trend = 0.06), alanine transferase (P for trend =
0.07), and ferritin (P for trend = 0.02)(1). Other researchers
suggested (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a new inhibitor of
hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry. EGCG is a flavonoid present in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract belonging to the subclass of catechins(26).<br />
<br />
27. <b>Meningitis</b><br />
a. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial activities</span><br />
In the investigation of Antimicrobial <span class="highlight">activities</span> of green of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Antimicrobial </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">activities</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> catechins and theaflavins and </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> extracts against Bacillus cereus"</span>
by Friedman M, Henika PR, Levin CE, Mandrell RE, Kozukue N.,
researchers found that flavonoids in green tea has exerted its ability
in protective effects against Bacillus cereus.(27)<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">b. </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Immune system</span><br />
a. In the investigation of the immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract in rain bow of the study of "<span style="font-weight: bold;">Immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">green</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">tea</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (Camellia sinensis) on the </span><span class="highlight" style="font-weight: bold;">immune system</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)</span>" by<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Sheikhzadeh%20N%22%5BAuthor%5D"> </a>Sheikhzadeh N, Nofouzi K, Delazar A, Oushani AK., researchers found that showed that decaffeinated <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> in lower doses of administration could be optimum to enhance the immunity of rainbow trout(27a)<br />
<br />
<br />
28. <b>Multiple sclerosis</b><b> </b><br />
TNFalpha, an
imflammatory cytokine has been associated with MS is inhibited by
antioxidants of green tea, according to the artcle of Alternative
Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis by David Steenblock, M.S., D.O(1).
Others sugested that the combination therapy of Glatiramer acetate (GA),
an immunomodulatory
MS therapeutic, and the neuroprotectant epigallocatechin-3-gallate
(EGCG), the main phenol in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>, have synergistic protective effects in vitro and in the EAE model(28).<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>29. Obesity</b><br />
In the study to to investigate the antiobesity effect of
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in diet-induced obese mice, showed
that <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
EGCG effectively reduces adipose tissue mass and ameliorates plasma
lipid profiles in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. These effects might
be at least partially mediated via regulation of the expression of
multiple genes involved in adipogenesis, lipolysis, beta-oxidation and
thermogenesis in white adipose tissue(29).<br />
<br />
<br />
30. <b>Osteoporosis</b><br />
n the study to investigate whether black tea polyphenol,
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG) and green tea,
epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)affect MMP activity and osteoclast
formation and differentiation in vitro, showed that TFDG and EGCG
inhibited the formation and differentiation of
osteoclasts via inhibition of MMPs. TFDG may suppress actin ring
formation more effectively than EGCG. Thus, TFDG and EGCG may be
suitable agents or lead compounds for the treatment of bone resorption
diseases(30).<br />
<br />
<br />
31. <b>Parkinson's disease</b><br />
In the study of Differential effects of black versus <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> on risk of <span class="highlight">Parkinson's disease</span> in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, found that total caffeine intake was inversely related to <span class="highlight">Parkinson's disease</span>
risk (p for trend = 0.002); the relative risk for the highest versus
lowest quartile was 0.55 (95% confidence interval: 0.35, 0.88). Black <span class="highlight">tea</span>, a caffeine-containing beverage, showed an inverse association with <span class="highlight">Parkinson's disease</span>
risk that was not confounded by total caffeine intake or tobacco
smoking (p for trend = 0.0006; adjusted relative risk for the highest
vs. lowest tertile of intake = 0.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.13,
0.67). <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> drinking was unrelated to <span class="highlight">Parkinson's disease</span> risk. Diet had no strong influence on risk. Ingredients of black <span class="highlight">tea</span> other than caffeine appear to be responsible for the beverage's inverse association with <span class="highlight">Parkinson's disease(31)</span>.<br />
<br />
<br />
32. <b>Pertussis</b><br />
In the study to evaluate the efficacy of anti bactericidal activity of <span class="highlight">tea</span> and catechins against Bordetella <span class="highlight">pertussis, indicated that </span><b>pu-erh <span class="highlight">tea</span></b>
killed the bacteria in a moderate way.<b> (-) Epigallocatechin gallate
(EGCg) and theaflavin digallate (TF3)</b> showed also marked bactericidal
activity. <b><span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> and black <span class="highlight">tea</span></b> also effectively blocked the adhesion of B. <span class="highlight">pertussis</span>
to HeLa and CHO cells, whereas ECGg and TF3 could not. EGCg and TF3
markedly inactivated leuco-lymphocytosis promoting activity of <span class="highlight">pertussis</span> toxin. Black <span class="highlight">tea</span> showed slight but significant inactivation of the activity, whereas <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> showed no inactivation(32).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
33. <b>Thyroid disorders</b><br />
In the comparison of the efficacy of polyphenolic flavonoids found in black and green tea in thyroid function, showed that <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract at 2.5 g% and 5.0 g% doses and black <span class="highlight">tea</span> extract only at 5.0 g% dose have the potential to alter the <span class="highlight">thyroid gland</span> <span class="highlight">physiology</span> and architecture, that is, enlargement of <span class="highlight">thyroid gland</span> as well as hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of the <span class="highlight">thyroid</span> follicles and inhibition of the activity of <span class="highlight">thyroid</span>
peroxidase and 5(')-deiodinase I with elevated thyroidal Na+, K+-ATPase
activity along with significant decrease in serum T3 and T4, and a
parallel increase in serum <span class="highlight">thyroid</span> stimulating hormone (TSH)(33).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
34. Etc.<br />
<br />
<b>D. Quoted From Foods to prevent and treat cancers</b><br />
<b>1. Bladder cancer </b><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight">The ingredient of (--)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in
<span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea have exerted the
protective effect to cause bladder cancer cell death. "EGCGs that were
physically attached onto the surface of nanogold particles (pNG) was confirmed
by scanning electron microscopy. The anticancer activity of the EGCG-adsorbed
pNG was investigated in C3H/HeN mice subcutaneously implanted with MBT-2 murine
<span class="highlight">bladder</span> tumor cells. EGCG-pNG was confirmed to
inhibit tumor cell growing by means of cell apoptosis" said Dr.Hsieh DS and the
research team team at National Taiwan Ocean
University(1).</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><b>2. Bone cancer </b>(<b>Osteosarcoma(35%))</b></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">Dr. Hönicke AS and the research team at University Medicine Greifswald,
in the study of The link between cancer and inflammation, found that
IL-1Ra and EGCG downregulated IL-1-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release from
U-2 OS cells by 65-85%. IL-1Ra and EGCG also reduced secretion of
invasiveness-promoting MMP-2 and pro-angiogenic VEGF to 62-75% without
affecting the metabolic response and caspase-3 activity. In conclusion,
downregulation of IL-1-induced tumorigenic factors (IL-6, IL-8, VEGF,
MMP-2) in U-2 OS by IL-1Ra and EGCG may positively affect
tumor-associated inflammation and, as a consequence, lead to reduction
in angiogenesis and invasiveness. This renders a combined administration
of EGCG and IL-1Ra a promising approach as an adjuvant therapy in
patients with <span class="highlight">osteosarcoma(2)</span>.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">3. <span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><b>Bone cancer </b>(</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><b><b>Chondrosarcoma(25%)</b><b> </b>)</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">Chondrosarcoma is a malignant primary <span class="highlight">bone</span>
tumor that responds poorly to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>, has been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis and <span class="highlight">cancer</span>
cell growth in animal models. In the study conducted by National Chung
Hsing University, Dr. Yang WH and research team indicated that EGCG
induced cell apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma cell lines but not
primary chondrocytes. EGCG induced upregulation of Bax and Bak,
downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, and dysfunction of mitochondria in
chondrosarcoma and EGCG triggered ROS and activated the ASK1-p38/JNK
pathway, resulting
chondrosarcoma cell death. Importantly, animal studies revealed a
dramatic reduction in tumor volume after 24 days of treatment(3)</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<b><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">4. Bone cancer <span class="highlight"></span>(Ewing's sarcoma(16%))</span></span></span></span></b><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">The insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) is constitutively activated in <span class="highlight">Ewing</span> family tumors (EFT) and that the major catechin derivative found in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>,
(-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), can inhibit cell proliferation and
survival of EFT cells through the inhibition of IGFIR activity, as
treatment of EFT cell lines with EGCG blocked the autophosphorylation of
IGFIR tyrosine residues and inhibited its downstream pathways including
phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt, Ras-Erk, and Jak-Stat cascades. EGCG
treatment was associated with dose- and time-dependent inhibition of
cellular proliferation, viability, and anchorage-independent growth, as
well as with the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Apoptosis
in EFT cells by EGCG correlated with altered expression of Bcl-2 family
proteins, including increased expression of proapoptotic Bax and
decreased expression of prosurvival Bcl2, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1 proteins.
Dr. Kang HG and the research team at Children's Hospital Los Angeles
suggested(4)</span></span></span></span><b><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"> </span></span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><br /></span></span></span></span></b>
<b><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">5. <b>Brain and Spinal Cord Cancer</b></span></span></span></span></b><br />
Epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), a main ingredients in green tea has
shown protective effect against brain cancer. In the study to
investigate the effect of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), the main
constituent of green tea <span class="highlight">polyphenols</span>,
on human glioblastoma cell lines U-373 MG and U-87 MG, rat glioma cell
line C6, and rat nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma cell line MtT/E,
showed that EGCG inhibited viability of MtT/E cells only at a
concentration of 100
microg/ml. Quantitative study by flow cytometry demonstrated that lower
doses of EGCG (12.5, 25, 50 microg/ml) induced apoptosis in U-373 MG,
U-87 MG, and C6 cells; however, only the highest dose (100 microg/ml)
induced apoptosis in MtT/E cells. Compared with other cell lines, MtT/E
cells showed stronger IGF-I immunoreactivity. Neutralization of IGF-I
with an antihuman IGF-I antibody reduced viability of the cell lines(5).<br />
<br />
6. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Esophageal cancer</span><br />
In the study to evaluate the relationship between <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption and the risk of <span class="highlight">esophageal cancer</span> of the 902 patients interviewed, 734 (81.4%) had their disease pathologically confirmed, showed that All analyses of <span class="highlight">tea</span>
effects were conducted separately among men and women and all were
adjusted for age. After further adjustment for other known confounders, a
protective effect of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> drinking on <span class="highlight">esophageal cancer</span>
was observed among women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50; 95% confidence
interval [CI] = 0.30-0.83), and this risk decreased (P for trend < or
= .01) as <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption increased. Among men, the ORs were also below 1.00, although not statistically significant. ORs for <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
intake were estimated among those persons who neither smoked nor drank
alcohol. In this subset, statistically significant decreases in risk
among <span class="highlight">tea</span>
drinkers were observed for both men (OR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.22-0.86; P
for trend = .05) and women (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.20-0.77; P for trend
< .001)(6).<br />
<br />
7. <b>Bowel Cancer (Colon and rectum)</b><br />
pigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenolic constituent in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea has been exerted protective effects against </span> proliferation and migration of the human <span class="highlight">colon</span> cancer SW620 cells<b>.</b> In the study of<b> </b>Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits proliferation and migration of human <span class="highlight">colon</span> cancer SW620 cells in vitro found that EGCG blocks the proliferation and migration of SW620 cells induced by
PAR2-AP and factor VIIa via inhibition of the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways.
The compound may serve as a preventive and therapeutic agent for <span class="highlight">colon cancers(7)</span>.<br />
<br />
8. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Cervical Cancer </span><br />
<span class="highlight">Phytochemicals</span> present in tea, particularly polyphenols, have anticancer properties against several <span class="highlight">cancer</span> types. In the study to investigate the mechanism of antiproliferative and apoptotic actions
exerted by tea polyphenols on human papilloma virus-18-positive HeLa <span class="highlight">cervical cancer</span> cells, showed that treatment of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
and black tea polyphenol theaflavins (TF) in HeLa cells showed a marked
concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of proliferation and
induced sub-G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner after 24 h. There was an
attenuation of mitochondrial membrane potential with the increase of
reactive oxygen species generation, p53 expression, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio,
cytochrome-c release, and cleavage of procaspase-3 and -9 and
poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase, indicating the participation of a
mitochondria related mechanism. In addition, EGCG as well as TF
inhibited activation of Akt and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) via
blocking phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of inhibitor of
kappaBalpha and kappaBbeta subunits, thereby downregulating
cyclooxygenase-2(8).<br />
Flavonoid quercetin found abundantly in green and black tea are
associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis. Dr Vidya Priyadarsini
R, and the research team at the Annamalai University, in the study of
The flavonoid quercetin induces cell cycle arrest and
mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human <span class="highlight">cervical cancer</span>
(HeLa) cells through p53 induction and NF-κB inhibition, indicated that
quercetin suppressed the viability of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent
manner by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial
apoptosis through a p53-dependent mechanism. This involved
characteristic changes in nuclear morphology, phosphatidylserine
externalization, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, modulation of
cell cycle regulatory proteins and NF-κB family members, upregulation of
proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, cytochrome C, Apaf-1 and caspases,
and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and survivin(8a) <br />
<br />
9. <b>Endometrial cancer </b><br />
In the study to investigate the interactive effect of polymorphisms in the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) gene with <span class="highlight">soy</span> <span class="highlight">isoflavones</span>, tea consumption, and dietary fiber on <span class="highlight">endometrial cancer</span> risk in a population-based, case-control study of 1,199 <span class="highlight">endometrial cancer</span> patients and 1,212 controls, found that the Asp(327)Asn (rs6259) polymorphism was associated with decreased risk of <span class="highlight">endometrial cancer</span>,
particularly among postmenopausal women (OR = 0.79, 95% CI =
0.62-1.00). This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) modified
associations of <span class="highlight">soy</span> <span class="highlight">isoflavones</span> and tea consumption but not fiber intake with <span class="highlight">endometrial cancer</span>, with the inverse association of <span class="highlight">soy</span>
intake and tea consumption being more evident for those with the
Asp/Asp genotype of the SHBG gene at Asp(327)Asn (rs6259), particularly
premenopausal women (P(interaction) = 0.06 and 0.02, respectively, for <span class="highlight">soy</span> <span class="highlight">isoflavones</span> and tea intake)(9).<br />
<br />
10. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Hodgkin's lymphoma</span><br />
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (<span class="highlight">EGCG</span>), a
phytochemicals found abundantly in green tea has enhanced the protective
effects against Lymphoma. Dr, Yu AF, and scientists at the Fujian
Medical University,in the study of [Demethylation and transcription of
p16 gene in malignant <span class="highlight">lymphoma</span> cell line CA46 induced by <span class="highlight">EGCG</span>], found that after treatment with <span class="highlight">EGCG</span>
for 48 hours, the methylation level was apparently attenuated in a
concentration-dependent manner. Expression of p16 gene in untreated
group was mild while in the treated groups it had been greatly
strengthened, as compared with untreated group, the gray scale ratio of
p16 to beta-actin 1 treated with <span class="highlight">EGCG</span>
(6, 12, 24) microg/ml was increased from (0.05 +/- 0. 01) to (0.19 +/-
0.03), (0.39 +/- 0.10), (0.85 +/- 0.09) respectively, exhibiting a
significant difference (p < 0.05); as compared with the untreated
group, after treatment with <span class="highlight">EGCG</span> for 48 hours, the expressions of DNMT3A and DNMT3B were obviously down-regulated. It is concluded that <span class="highlight">EGCG</span>
can activate and up-regulate the expression of p16 gene mRNA which
inhibits the proliferation of CA46 cell through inducing the G(0)/G(1)
arrest by demethylation and/or by inhibiting DNMT3A and DNMT3B gene(10). <br />
<br />
11. <b>Kaposi's sarcoma</b><br />
In the study to investigate the effects of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) tested in a highly vascular <span class="highlight">Kaposi's sarcoma</span>
(KS) tumor model and on endothelial cells in a panel of in vivo and in
vitro assays, showed that EGCG inhibited KS-IMM cell growth and
endothelial cell growth,
chemotaxis, and invasion over a range of doses; high concentrations also
induced tumor cell apoptosis. EGCG inhibited the
metalloprotease-mediated gelatinolytic activity produced by endothelial
cell supernatants and the formation of new capillary-like structures in
vitro. <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
or purified EGCG when administered to mice in the drinking water
inhibited angiogenesis in vivo in the Matrigel sponge model and
restrained KS tumor growth(11).<br />
<br />
12. <b>Renal cell carcinoma (<span class="mw-redirect">Kidney cancer/renal cells)</span></b><br />
EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) is a
phytochemical found in green tea has showed to protect against the
proliferation of renal cell carcinoma. "Before and after EGCG treatment,
real-time methylation specific PCR
could not detect methylation status of TFPI-2 gene promoter in cell line
786-0. In vivo invasiveness and metastasis test did not indicate any
significant differences between control and treatment group. Our results
suggest that EGCG inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in renal cell
carcinoma through TFPI-2 overexpression. This is the first report
showing that EGCG is likely to be an effective agent for renal cell
carcinoma" said scientists at the Shanghai Medical College, Fudan
University(12). <br />
<br />
13. <b>Ovarian cancer</b><br />
a. In prospective cohort study to investigate whether <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption can enhance the survival of patients with epithelial <span class="highlight">ovarian cancer</span>
conducted in Hangzhou, China, found that Compared to non-drinkers, the
adjusted hazard ratios were 0.55 (95% CI = 0.34-0.90) for <span class="highlight">tea</span>-drinkers, 0.43 (95% CI = 0.20-0.92) for consuming at least 1 cup of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>/day, 0.44 (95% CI = 0.22-0.90) for brewing 1 batch or more of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>/day, 0.40 (95% CI = 0.18-0.90) for consuming more than 500 g of dried <span class="highlight">tea</span> leaves/year, and 0.38 (95% CI = 0.15-0.97) for consuming at least 2 g of dried <span class="highlight">tea</span> leaves/batch. The corresponding dose-response relationships were significant (p < 0.05)(13).<br />
b. Other suggested that studies on the health benefits of drinking <span class="highlight">tea</span>, particularly <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>, are finding exciting results, particularly in <span class="highlight">cancer</span> research. Modern studies in both Asia and the West have provided encouraging results indicating that drinking <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> contributes to fighting many different kinds of cancers including stomach, oesophageal, <span class="highlight">ovarian</span> and colon(13a).<br />
<br />
14. <b>Thyroid cancer</b><br />
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major catechin in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>, was shown to possess remarkable therapeutic potential against various types of human <span class="highlight">cancer</span>
cells in in vitro and in vivo models. In the study to investigate the
effect of EGCG on the proliferation and apoptosis of ARO cells--human
ATC cells, showed that EGCG treatment inhibited the growth of ARO cells
in a dose-dependent
manner. Furthermore, EGCG suppressed phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2,
JNK, and p38. These changes were associated with increased p21 and
reduced cyclin B1/CDK1 expression. In addition, EGCG treatment increased
the accumulation of sub-G1 cell, activated caspase-3 and cleaved
PARP(14). <br />
<br />
15. T<b>esticle cancer</b><br />
on human <span class="highlight">testicular</span> <span class="highlight">cancer</span> cell line NT 2/DT matrigel invasion and MMP activity, showed that The nutrient mixture showed no significant effect on testis <span class="highlight">cancer</span> cell growth. Zymography demonstrated secretion of MMP-2 by untreated human testis <span class="highlight">cancer</span>
cells and MMP-9 with PMA induction. NM inhibited secretion of both MMPs
in a dose-dependent fashion with virtual total inhibition of MMP-9 at
100 microg/mL. Invasion of human testis <span class="highlight">cancer</span>
cells through Matrigel was reduced by 84% at 50 microg/mL and at 100
microg/mL (p = 0.004). NM significantly inhibited MMP secretion and
matrix invasion in <span class="highlight">testicular</span> <span class="highlight">cancer</span> cells without toxic effect, indicating potential as an anticancer agent(15)<br />
<br />
<b>16. Skin Cancer</b><br />
In the investigations and mechanistic studies that define and support the photoprotective efficacy of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
polyphenols (GTPs) against UV carcinogenesis, showed that oral
administration of GTPs in drinking water or the topical application of
EGCG prevents UVB-induced <span class="highlight">skin</span>
tumor development in mice, and this prevention is mediated through: (a)
the induction of immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 12; (b)
IL-12-dependent DNA repair following nucleotide excision repair
mechanism; (c) the inhibition of UV-induced immunosuppression through
IL-12-dependent DNA repair; (d) the inhibition of angiogenic factors;
and (e) the stimulation of cytotoxic T cells in a tumor microenvironment(16). <br />
<br />
17. <b>Prostate cancers </b><br />
<span class="highlight">Tea</span> polyphenols have been extensively
studied in cell culture and animal models where they inhibited tumor
onset and progression. "In vivo animal, and clinical intervention
studies examine the effects of
extracts of GT or purified (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on <span class="highlight">prostate</span>
carcinogenesis. These studies provide strong evidence supporting a
chemopreventive effect of GT, but results from epidemiological studies
of GT consumption are mixed. While the evidence for a chemopreventive
effect of BT is much weaker than the body of evidence with regard to GT,
there are several animal BT intervention studies demonstrating
inhibition of CaP growth" said Dr. Henning SM, and the research team at the University of California(17)<br />
<br />
18. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Pharynx Cancer</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> or pharyngeal cancer</span><br />
In a study of a total of 20,550 men and 29,671 women aged 40-79 years, without any history of oral and <span class="highlight">pharyngeal cancer showed that </span>for women, the HRs of oral <span class="highlight">cancer</span> for <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
consumption of 1-2, 3-4, and 5 or more cups per day were 0.51 (95% CI:
0.10-2.68), 0.60 (95% CI: 0.17-2.10), and 0.31 (95% CI: 0.09-1.07),
respectively, compared with those who drank less than one cup per day (p
for trend, 0.08). For men, no such trends were observed(18). <br />
<br />
19. <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Multiple myeloma (Myeloma)</span></b><br />
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate extracted from <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea have exerted the inhibitory effect against </span><span class="highlight">multiple myeloma</span>
cells. Dr. Shammas MA and the research team at Veterans Administration
Boston Health Care System, and Dana Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard
Medical School, showed that EGCG interacts with the 67-kDa
laminin receptor 1 (LR1), which is significantly elevated in <span class="highlight">myeloma</span>
cell lines and patient samples relative to normal PBMCs. RNAi-mediated
inhibition of LR1 resulted in abrogation of EGCG-induced apoptosis in <span class="highlight">myeloma</span>
cells, indicating that LR1 plays an important role in mediating EGCG
activity in MM while sparing PBMCs. Evaluation of changes in gene
expression profile indicates that EGCG
treatment activates distinct pathways of growth arrest and apoptosis in
MM cells by inducing the expression of death-associated protein kinase
2, the initiators and mediators of death receptor-dependent apoptosis
(Fas ligand, Fas, and caspase 4), p53-like proteins (p73, p63), positive
regulators of apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation (CARD10, CARD14), and
cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p16 and p18)(19).<br />
<br />
<b>20. Oral cancer</b><br />
<span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
is important source of polyphenol antioxidants. Polyphenols including
epigallocatechin 3 gallate (EGCG) constitute the most interesting
components in <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> leaves. <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
has the potential to protect against various malignant, cardiovascular
and metabolic diseases. Dr. Narotzki B and the research team at the
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, indicated that <span class="highlight">Green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> protects against bacterial induced dental caries. <span class="highlight">Tea</span> polyphenols possess antiviral properties, believed to help in protection from influenza virus. Additionally, <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols can abolish halitosis through modification of odorant sulphur components. <span class="highlight">Oral</span>
cavity oxidative stress and inflammation, consequent to cigarette
smoking and cigarettes' deleterious compounds nicotine and acrolein, may
be reduced in the presence of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> polyphenols. Generally, <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> defends healthy cells from malignant transformation and locally has the ability to induce apoptosis in <span class="highlight">oral cancer</span> cells(20).<br />
<br />
<br />
21. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Melanoma skin cancer</span><br />
In the study to determine the effect of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> catechins on the invasive potential of human <span class="highlight">melanoma</span> cells and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects using A375 (BRAF-mutated) and Hs294t (Non-BRAF-mutated) <span class="highlight">melanoma</span> cell lines as an in vitro model, showed that EGCG, a major <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span> catechin, has the ability to inhibit <span class="highlight">melanoma</span>
cell invasion/migration, an essential step of metastasis, by targeting
the endogenous expression of COX-2, PGE(2) receptors and
epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(21).<br />
<br />
<br />
22. <b>Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma</b><br />
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major constituent of <span class="highlight">green</span> <span class="highlight">tea</span>
polyphenols in green tea, has been shown to suppress cancer cell
proliferation and induce apoptosis.In the study to investigate its
efficacy and the mechanism underlying its effect using
human B lymphoblastoid cell line Ramos, and effect of co-treatment with
EGCG and a chemotherapeutic agent on apoptotic cell death found that
pretreatment with diphenylene iodonium chloride, an inhibitor of NAD(P)H
oxidase and an antioxidant, partially suppressed both EGCG-induced
apoptosis and production of ROS, implying that oxidative stress is
involved in the apoptotic response. Furthermore, we showed that
combined-treatment with EGCG and a chemotherapeutic agent, etoposide,
synergistically induced apoptosis in Ramos cells(22).<br />
<br />
<br />
23. <b>Leukemia</b><br />
In the study to investigate the association between green <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption and <span class="highlight">leukemia</span>,
Dr. Kuo YC, and scientists at the Harvard School of Public Health,
indicated that a significant inverse association between green <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption and <span class="highlight">leukemia</span>
risk was found in individuals aged 16-29 years, whereas no significant
association was found in the younger age groups. For the older group
with higher amounts of <span class="highlight">tea</span> consumption (>550 units of catechins), the adjusted odds ratio (OR) compared with the group without <span class="highlight">tea</span>
consumption was 0.47 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.23-0.97]. After
we adjusted for smoking status and medical irradiation exposure, the
overall OR for all participants was 0.49 (95% CI = 0.27-0.91),
indicating an inverse relation between large amounts of <b>catechins</b> and <span class="highlight">leukemia(23)</span>.<br />
<br />
<br />
24. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Larynx Cancer</span> <b>or Laryngeal Cancer</b><br />
In the study to evaluated the potential cytotoxic and prooxidative effects of green tea
extract and its two main flavonoid constituents epigallocatechin gallate
(EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) on human <span class="highlight">laryngeal</span>
carcinoma cell line (HEp2) and its cross-resistant cell line CK2,
showed that EGCG and green tea extract increased the DNA damage in the
CK2 cell
line during short exposure. The cytotoxicity of EGCG and ECG increased
with the time of incubation. Green tea extract induced lipid
peroxidation in the CK2 cell line(24).<br />
<br />
<br />
25. Etc.<br />
<br />
<b>References</b><br />
<b>A. Quoted from the world most healthy foods</b> <br />
(1) <a href="http://www.ajcn.org/content/90/5/1390">http://www.ajcn.org/content/90/5/1390</a><br />
(1a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19828710">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19828710</a><br />
(2) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Sinecatechin%20and%20anogenital%20warts">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Sinecatechin%20and%20anogenital%20warts</a><br />
(2a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19709100">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19709100</a><br />
(3) <a href="http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/540745/">http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/540745/</a><br />
(4) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21383482">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21383482</a><br />
(4a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388413">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388413</a><br />
(5) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19966940">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19966940</a><br />
(5a) <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/research/egcg-mitigates-neurotoxicity-mediated-hiv1-proteins-gp120-tat-presence-ifngamma-role-jakstat1-signaling-implications-hivassociated-dementia/">http://www.mendeley.com/research/egcg-mitigates-neurotoxicity-mediated-hiv1-proteins-gp120-tat-presence-ifngamma-role-jakstat1-signaling-implications-hivassociated-dementia/</a> <br />
(6) <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224499000448">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224499000448</a><br />
(6a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15378679">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15378679</a><br />
(7) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21082353">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21082353</a>(7a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16462174">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16462174</a> <br />
(8)<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21985858"> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21985858</a><br />
(8a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877565">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877565</a><br />
(9) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576</a><br />
(9a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20138382">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20138382</a> <br />
(10) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356006">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356006</a><br />
(10a)<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19254120"> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19254120</a><br />
(11) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15388975">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15388975</a><br />
(11a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21499987">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21499987</a><br />
(12) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18641210">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18641210</a><br />
(12a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15009657">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15009657</a> <br />
(13) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21715508">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21715508</a><br />
(13a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21691717">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21691717</a><br />
(14) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19700031">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19700031</a><br />
(14a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21473914">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21473914</a> <br />
(15) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316</a><br />
(15a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20032224">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20032224</a><br />
(16) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20444327">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20444327</a><br />
(16a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19962294">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19962294</a> <br />
(17) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22019691">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22019691</a><br />
(17b) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15585768">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15585768</a><br />
(18) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21997135">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21997135</a><br />
(18a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21859352">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21859352</a> <br />
(19) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19597519">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19597519</a><br />
(19a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16076989">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16076989</a><br />
<br />
<b>B. Quoted from Phytochemicals in Foods</b> <br />
<b>B.1. Catechin</b> <br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20156466">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20156466</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22027055">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22027055</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20514403">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20514403</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22269864">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22269864</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22268108">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22268108</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22256752">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22256752</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22249118">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22249118</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246619">(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246619</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12499631">(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12499631</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15011752">(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15011752</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22221215">(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22221215</a><br />
(12) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22211685">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22211685</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22184430">(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22184430</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22098273">(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22098273</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22045026">(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22045026</a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B.2. Gallocatechin</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span></span><a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf901545u">(1) http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf901545u</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22144737">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22144737</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022384">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022384</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22224265">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22224265</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903153">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903153</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21877759">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21877759</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16506813">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16506813</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21730371">(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21730371</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21498061">(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21498061</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20694569">(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20694569</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19735514">(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19735514</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903153">(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903153</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19557365">(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19557365</a><br />
<br />
<b>B.3. Epicatechin</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20432242">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20432242</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22191431">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22191431</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20828315">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20828315</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21945981">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21945981</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16413414">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16413414</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21046126">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21046126</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21837753">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21837753</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21705301">(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21705301</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21241417">(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21241417</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16519995">(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16519995</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20708524">(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20708524</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20623641">(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20623641</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20461739">(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20461739</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20065503">(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20065503</a> <br />
<br />
<b>B.4.</b> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Epigallocatechin</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22280355">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22280355</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17017850">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17017850</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18657514">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18657514</a><br />
(4) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20176036">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20176036</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17296491">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17296491</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1284389">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1284389</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=epicatechin%20gallate%20and%20fat%20oxidation">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=epicatechin%20gallate%20and%20fat%20oxidation</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=epicatechin%20gallate%20and%20coginive%20effects">(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=epicatechin%20gallate%20and%20coginive%20effects</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17357329">(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17357329</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15730438">(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15730438</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10878235">(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10878235</a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B.5. Theaflavin</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20528747">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20528747</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22202062">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22202062</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22155236">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22155236</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22155187">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22155187</a><br />
<a href="http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/163/12/1448">(5) http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/163/12/1448</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22138428">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22138428</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885260">(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885260</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21545263">(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21545263</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21503789">(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21503789</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21323312">(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21323312</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096">(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20514421">(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20514421</a> <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">B.6. Theaflavin-3-gallate</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19049290">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19049290</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16404705">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16404705</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15248026">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15248026</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10898615">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10898615</a><br />
<br />
<b>B.7.</b> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Theaflavin-3'-gallate</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16404705">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16404705</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15248026">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15248026</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10898615">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10898615</a><br />
<br />
<b>B.8. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate</b><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16404705">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16404705</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15248026">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15248026</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10898615">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10898615</a> <br />
<br />
<b>B.9.</b> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Thearubigin</span> <br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources</span><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12533914">(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12533914</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12787838">(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12787838</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10766429">(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10766429</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19594545">(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19594545</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16314069">(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16314069</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15850895">(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15850895</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12842182">(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12842182</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12636103">(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12636103</a><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9535765">(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9535765</a><br />
<br />
<b>C. Quoted Foods to prevent and treat diseases</b><br />
(1) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22742421">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22742421</a><br />
(2) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15378679">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15378679 </a><br />
(3) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21820650">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21820650</a><br />
(4) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22300765">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22300765</a><br />
<span class="highlight">(5) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316</a></span><br />
(6)<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316"> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316</a><br />
(7) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12579647">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12579647</a> <br />
(8) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14583635">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14583635</a><br />
(9) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20088847">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20088847</a><br />
(10) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%20tyrosol%20and%20auto-immune%20diseases">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%20tyrosol%20and%20auto-immune%20diseases</a><br />
(11) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=polyphenols%20Anti-Candida%20activity">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=polyphenols%20Anti-Candida%20activity</a><br />
(12) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22456725">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22456725</a><br />
(13) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21964320">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21964320</a><br />
(14) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20652470">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20652470</a> <br />
(15) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21821246">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21821246</a><br />
(16) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19083394">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19083394</a> <br />
(17) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21832025">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21832025</a><br />
(18) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22239530">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22239530</a> <br />
(19) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21947401">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21947401</a><br />
(20) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22480519">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22480519 </a><br />
(21) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12824094">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12824094 </a><br />
(22) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22468171">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22468171</a> <br />
<span class="highlight">(23) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22749178">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22749178</a></span><br />
<span class="highlight">(24) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18195068">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18195068 </a> </span><br />
<span class="highlight">(25) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16395699">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16395699</a> </span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st">(26) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22105803">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22105803</a></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576">(27) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576</a> <br />
(27a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21985858">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21985858</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st">(28) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022398">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022398</a></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st">(29) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390166">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390166</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st">(30) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22186621">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22186621</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st">(31) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18156141">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18156141</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st">(32) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=green%20tea%20and%20pertussis">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=green%20tea%20and%20pertussis</a></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st">(33) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20801949">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20801949</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"> </span> </span><br />
<b>D. Quoted From Foods to prevent and treat cancers</b><br />
Sources <br />
(1) <span class="highlight"><span style="color: #cc3300;"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21782236"><span style="color: #3d74a5;">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21782236</span></a></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span style="color: #cc3300;"><span style="color: #3d74a5;">(2) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22641358">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22641358</a> <br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22521131"></a>(3) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21328612">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21328612</a></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span style="color: #cc3300;"><span style="color: #3d74a5;">(4) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20423994">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20423994</a> </span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span style="color: #cc3300;"><span style="color: #3d74a5;">(5) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11305413">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11305413</a> </span></span></span><br />
(6) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8182766">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8182766</a><br />
(7) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22101170">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22101170</a> <br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(8) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21776820">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21776820</a> </span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(8a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20858478">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20858478</a></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(9) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19005973">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19005973</a></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(10) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18928598">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18928598</a></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(11) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15269163">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15269163</a> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(12) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212621">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212621</a> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(13) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15382073">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15382073</a><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(13a) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22039897">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22039897</a></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(14) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21725973">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21725973</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(15)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848742">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848742</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(16) </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17049833">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17049833</a></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">17) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21538852">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21538852</a></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(18)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17606381">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17606381</a></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(19) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809610">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809610</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(20) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22226360">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22226360 </a> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(21) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022384">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022384</a></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(22) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17803956">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17803956</a> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(23) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18752033">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18752033</a></span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight"><span class="st"><span class="highlight"><span class="highlight">(24) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21705301">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21705301 </a> </span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-86635163823589511832012-09-06T06:14:00.000-07:002012-09-06T06:14:51.401-07:00An Easy, Quick Recipe - Baked Ham Steak With Pineapple<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Diane_Watkins" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Diane Watkins"> Diane Watkins </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
Are you often rushed in the evenings? Finding it hard to get
dinner on the table and still have time for the important things in
life? A few easy quick recipes, combined with a little planning will
make cooking dinner a pleasure again.<br />
Look
for recipes that are simple --with minimum preparation, then let your
oven or slow cooker do the work. This recipe features an easy
preparation, then cooks quickly in only 20 minutes in the oven while you
fix a salad and warm some dinner rolls. Baked Ham Steak with Pineapple
is an old favorite that can easily and quickly solve tonight's dinner
crisis.<br />
You will find these pre-sliced ham steaks vacuum packed in
the meat department of your grocery. Sizes range from 1 to 2 pounds.
This recipe calls for 1 1/2 pound, but choose a steak that will serve
your family. If it is much smaller, then cook for a little less time.
This serves 4 generously.<br />
<b>Baked Ham Steak with Pineapple</b><br />
1 1/2 pound ham steak<br />
1 can pineapple rings<br />
brown sugar<br />
cinnamon<br />
1. Preheat the oven to 375 degrees F.<br />
2. Trim off or slice through the fat on the edge of the ham in several places to prevent curling in the pan.<br />
3. Place the ham steak in a shallow ovenproof pan and place the pineapple slices on top. Pour the pineapple juice over all.<br />
4. Place the ham steak in the oven and bake for 20 minutes (uncovered).<br />
5. After 20 minutes, remove the pan from the oven and turn the oven up to broil.<br />
6. Baste the ham with the pan juices. Sprinkle a little brown sugar over the pineapple slices and dust with cinnamon.<br />
7.
Return to oven and broil for 3 to 5 minutes or until the pineapple is
lightly browned. Serve each ham steak with a pineapple slice.<br />
Serve
with a tossed salad and dinner rolls for an easy quick dinner recipe
solution. I hope that this menu will find its way onto your table soon.</div>
<div id="article-resource">
Diane Watkins is a traditional southern style cook. She enjoys
cooking, teaching, and writing about good food and family. Do you need
more quick and easy dinner recipes complete with menu suggestions and
shopping lists? Visit
[http://easysoutherncooking.com/easy-dinner-recipe.html] for recipes,
cooking tips, and more.<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-42114773985840221602012-09-05T06:27:00.000-07:002012-09-05T06:27:32.372-07:00Recipes For a Brownie Snickers Pie and a Fresh Pineapple Tart - So Yummy!<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Linda_Carol_Wilson" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Linda Carol Wilson"> Linda Carol Wilson </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
Who doesn't enjoy a good slice of pie or tart? Why not add some
new recipes to your recipe files by adding my recipes for a delicious
Blonde Brownie Snickers Pie which is sooo good or a Fresh Pineapple
Tart?<br />
BLONDIE BROWNIE SNICKERS PIE
<br />
1/2 cup butter, cut up
<br />
1/2 cup packed brown sugar
<br />
2 large eggs
<br />
1 tsp vanilla extract
<br />
1 cup all-purpose flour
<br />
1/2 tsp baking powder
<br />
1 cup (6-oz) semisweet chocolate chips
<br />
1 tbsp cocoa powder
<br />
13 fun-size Snickers bars
<br />
extra cut-up Snickers for garnish
<br />
peanuts for garnish<br />
Coat a 9-inch glass pie plate with nonstick cooking spray; set aside.<br />
In
a large saucepan melt the butter and brown sugar over medium heat until
they start to bubble. Remove from the heat and allow to cool for 10
minutes.<br />
After the butter mixture has cooled for 10 minutes, stir
in 1 of the eggs and the vanilla extract until blended. Stir in the
flour and baking powder until smooth. Scrape but don't spread 3/4 cup of
the mixture into the prepared pie plate and freeze for 10 minutes.<br />
While
mixture is in the freezer, preheat the oven to 350 degrees. Melt a half
cup of the chocolate chips as directed on the package. Stir the melted
chips, the remaining egg, and the cocoa powder into the remaining
batter.<br />
Press the chilled batter evenly over the bottom and
halfway up the sides of the pie plate. Top with the Snickers and then
with the chocolate batter.<br />
Bake pie at 350 degrees for
approximately 25 minutes until a wooden toothpick inserted in the center
comes out with moist crumbs attached. Sprinkle the other half cup of
the chocolate chips in the middle and let stand 5 minutes until
softened. Spread the chocolate to the crust using decorative swirls.<br />
Garnish
the pie with the cut-up Snickers and the peanuts (whatever amount suits
you). Allow to cool completely before cutting into serving wedges.<br />
FRESH PINEAPPLE TART
<br />
6 soft coconut macaroon cookies (approximately 5 oz)
<br />
1/4 cup unseasoned bread crumbs
<br />
1 egg white, slightly beaten
<br />
1/2 cup sugar
<br />
3 tbsp cornstarch
<br />
3 cups chopped fresh pineapple (1 1/2 pineapples)*
<br />
1 tbsp lemon juice<br />
*or use drained canned crushed pineapple in its own juice<br />
Preheat oven to 400 degrees.
<br />
Using nonstick cooking spray, spray a 9-inch tart pan with removable bottom; set aside.<br />
Place
cookies in a food processor and process 10 to 15 seconds or until fine
crumbs form. You should end up with about 1 1/3 cups of crumbs. Add the
bread crumbs and process until mixed. Add the egg white and mix well.
Press the mixture in the bottom and up the sides of the prepared pan to
form a crust.<br />
Bake crust at 400 degrees for 7 to 9 minutes or until golden brown. Remove from oven and place in refrigerator until cooled.<br />
While
crust cools, combine the sugar and cornstarch in a medium saucepan and
mix well. Add the pineapple and lemon juice, blending well. Cook over
medium-high heat for about 5 minutes or until the mixture thickens,
stirring constantly. Place the saucepan in a pan of cold water; stir 2
to 3 minutes or until cooled. Pour the cooled mixture into the cooled
crust and place in the freezer for 15 minutes or until set. Store in
refrigerator until serving time. Also store any leftovers in the
refrigerator.<br />
Enjoy!</div>
<div id="article-resource">
For more of Linda's dessert recipes visit her blog at <a href="http://ladybugssweettreats.blogspot.com/" target="_new">http://ladybugssweettreats.blogspot.com</a>.<br />
For her diabetic dessert recipes visit her at <a href="http://diabeticenjoyingfood.blogspot.com/" target="_new">http://diabeticenjoyingfood.blogspot.com</a><br />
<br />
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<br />
<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
<span class="instructions"><br />For the world most healthy foods visit<a href="http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html"> http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html</a></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-22964744557966243732012-09-04T05:18:00.000-07:002012-09-04T05:18:12.975-07:00Quick and Easy No Lettuce Salad Recipes - Honeymoon Pineapple Hash or Festive Pineapple Lime Molds<em>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Linda_Carol_Wilson" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Linda Carol Wilson"> Linda Carol Wilson </a></em><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
When you hear the word salad do you automatically think of a bowl
of lettuce and inwardly groan? While lettuce salads are delicious and
good for us, sometimes we want something different in a salad. Next time
you are told to "bring a salad", give one of these recipes a try.
Honeymoon Pineapple Hash, Festive Pineapple Lime Molds, and 24-Hour Bean
Salad are all good options! The Pineapple Hash has a graham cracker
crumb crust and is frozen before serving. Perfect for hot summer days or
any other time. Both of these recipes are from my large collection of
old fashion recipes.<br />
HONEYMOON PINEAPPLE HASH<br />
36 large marshmallows
<br />
1/2 cup milk
<br />
1 tall can evaporated milk
<br />
1 can crushed pineapple, drained
<br />
28 graham crackers
<br />
5 tbsp butter, melted<br />
In a small saucepan over medium-low
heat, melt the marshmallows in the milk stirring constantly; do not
boil. Remove from the heat, pour into a large bowl and allow to cool. In
another large bowl, whip the evaporated milk until it holds peaks. Once
the marshmallow mixture has cooled, add the whipped evaporated milk and
the pineapple. Fold in to blend.<br />
Crush the graham crackers into
crumbs and add the melted butter. Mix well. Cover the bottom of a
lightly greased pan or baking dish with 1/2 of the crumb mixture. Press
down. Pour the pineapple mixture over the crumb crust. Put the remaining
graham cracker mixture over the top of the pineapple mixture. Put in
the freezer for 2 hours before serving.<br />
FESTIVE PINEAPPLE LIME MOLDS<br />
This recipe is from the 1950s at least, probably older. Read to the end. You will enjoy the explanations about lime juice!<br />
1 cup syrup from canned pineapple tidbits
<br />
1/2 cup water
<br />
1/3 cup white dinner wine
<br />
1/4 cup sugar
<br />
1 cup pineapple tidbits
<br />
1/2 cup chopped walnuts
<br />
1 package lime gelatin
<br />
2 tablespoons lime juice
<br />
dash salt
<br />
1 cup finely cut celery
<br />
green food coloring<br />
Heat pineapple syrup and water to
simmering; add gelatin and stir until dissolved. Remove from heat. Add
wine, lime juice, sugar and salt; stir to dissolve sugar. Tint mixture a
deep green with food coloring, if desired. Cool, then chill. When
mixture begins to thicken, fold in pineapple, celery, and nuts. Spoon
into 6 individual molds that have been rinsed with cold water. Chill
until firm. Unmold on crisp salad greens and serve with mayonnaise or a
fruit salad dressing. (When fresh limes are not available, use the juice
that comes in the plastic lime containers. These are on most produce
counters. Lemon juice is also sold the same way.)<br />
It is suggested this is a good salad for holiday meals.
<br />
Note: Don't use wine? Substitute water.<br />
Enjoy!</div>
<div id="article-resource">
For more of Linda's old-fashion recipe collection visit her blog at <a href="http://grandmasvintagerecipes.blogspot.com/" target="_new">http://grandmasvintagerecipes.blogspot.com</a> For more of her recipes and diabetic information visit <a href="http://diabeticenjoyingfood.blogspot.com/" target="_new">http://diabeticenjoyingfood.blogspot.com</a><br />
<br />
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<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
<span class="instructions"><br />For the world most healthy foods visit<a href="http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html"> http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html</a></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-52374321889719837472012-09-03T03:51:00.000-07:002012-09-03T03:51:01.340-07:00Grilled Bacon With Pineapple Recipe<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Chris_Cornell" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Chris Cornell"> Chris Cornell </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
If you are looking for cheap, easy appetizers, this recipe
fulfills just that. The grilled bacon with pineapple is a cheap, easy
appetizer that anyone can make, and even kids, under some supervision.
Eat it at Hawaii-themed parties or have it as an appetizer in a dinner
function.<br />
What
you will need for this delicious appetizer is really simple. All you
will need is some back bacon and some pineapple cubes or rings. It is
best if the pineapples were freshly cut, but if you do not have them,
you can always get canned pineapples, where you can use the syrup for
other purposes. Toothpicks or bamboo satay sticks are optional.<br />
Basically,
you will need to slice the bacon to the desired size. Cut them in
strips which you will use to wrap around each cube of pineapple, or roll
in the middle of the pineapple ring. Then, grill the bacon for about 2
to 3 minutes. Leave it to cool for a while because you will need to use
your hands to wrap the pineapples up.<br />
If you are planning to wrap
the cubes of pineapple up with the bacon, simply fold the four edges of
the bacon in one direction, leaving extra so that you can keep it in
hold. Use a toothpick to hold the bacon slice to the pineapple. To make
presentation interesting, you can poke them up around the surface of
another pineapple fruit that is seated on a stand.<br />
On the other
hand, if you are planning to roll the bacon up in the middle of the
ring, all you have to do is just that. Keep the roll in one and a half
lap so the taste does not overwhelm the taste of the pineapple. You can
poke bamboo satay sticks horizontally through the pineapple and bacon,
and keep two of these per stick. Serve, and enjoy.</div>
<div id="article-resource">
Chris is the writer of this article, you can visit us for more information on <a href="http://www.livedirtcheap.com/cheap-easy-appetizers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_new">Cheap Easy Appetizers</a> and <a href="http://www.recipeideas.org/borscht-recipe.html" rel="nofollow" target="_new">Borscht Recipe</a>. Visit to read more detail.<br />
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<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-67990654708043852252012-09-02T05:21:00.000-07:002012-09-02T05:21:42.614-07:00How Many Calories in Pineapple?<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Amy_Sue_Miller" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Amy Sue Miller"> Amy Sue Miller </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
There are 74 calories in pineapple per cup (155 grams).
Pineapples are an excellent alternative to a sugary dessert due to its
sweet taste. You can eat in pineapples in many different ways: fresh,
frozen, in heavy or light syrup, crushed, chunks, wedges, spears or
slices. The calories in pineapplevary depending on how it is served.
They can be served alone or to make a dish look inviting and compliment
the taste. There are hundreds of types of pineapples but there are four
main groups: Smooth Cayenne, Abacaxi, Red Spanish and Queen.<br />
Smooth
Cayenne is the most popular of all the varieties. As a fresh pineapple
off the tree, the Smooth Cayenne pineapple grows to be the largest at
four to ten pounds. It has a very low fiber content, rich sweet taste,
and is very juicy. For those that suffer from high acidic stomach
problems but still have a love for pineapples, the Smooth Cayenne
pineapple has a very low acidic content therefore would be tolerable on
the stomach. It is mostly used for canned pineapple.<br />
Abacaxi, also
known as the pernambuco, pineapple is very tender compared to the
varieties. This fruit weighs from two to eleven pounds. Abacaxi
pineapple is known for its delicious flavor. This pineapple plant is
highly disease resistant.<br />
The Red Spanish is a bit smaller than
other pineapples, as this pineapple only reaches approximately three to
six pounds. It is resistant to fruit rot but is more susceptible to
plant disease. The Red Spanish is a very flavorful pineapple.<br />
The
Queen pineapple is the smallest of the pineapples weighing in between
one to two and a half pounds. This variety is very aromatic and juicy.
Along with the Abacaxi, the Queen is also disease resistant and cold
resistant. Queen also has some fiber content which is good for a diet
rich in fiber.<br />
<b>Health Benefits and Nutritional Facts</b><br />
Pineapples
are an excellent source of multiple vitamins, manganese, bromelain,
copper and dietary fiber. Pineapples help with the digestion of protein
and can help prevent blood clots. The bromelain content in pineapples
has been found to be useful in reducing swelling, aiding sinusitis, sore
throat, arthritis and gout. Pineapple is a good source of vitamin C,
which helps your body protect against free-radicals that attack healthy
cells. In addition to protecting your body's cells, vitamin C is an
excellent source to help fight colds and flu. The manganese and vitamin
B1 found in pineapples provides enzymes in the body for energy
production. Research has found that some of the molecules in the stem of
pineapples are beneficial in the protection against types of cancers
like ovarian, breast, lung, colon and skin. Incorporating pineapples in
your daily diet helps battle bronchitis, dyspepsia, constipation,
arthritis and preventing nausea caused by morning sickness and motion
sickness. Fresh pineapple juice has been used to remove intestinal
worms.<br />
<b>How to Store Pineapples</b><br />
Once you
have cut your pineapple to your desire, store your fresh pineapple in an
air tight plastic container in the refrigerator. It will stay fresh for
one to two days. If you want to <a href="http://livinghealthyandyou.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_new">freeze pineapple</a>, cut it into small chunks and freeze them in zip-lock freezer bags until you are ready to serve.<br />
<b>Healthy Pineapple Recipe</b><br />
Pineapple Smoothie<br />
Ingredients:<br />
<ul>
<li>
1/2 cup Haagen-Dazs Vanilla Low-fat Frozen Yogurt</li>
<li>
1 cup of fresh pineapples, cut into small chunks</li>
<li>
1/2 cup of bananas, cut into small slices</li>
<li>
1/2 cup skim milk</li>
</ul>
<br />
Mix the banana and milk in the blender until slushy. Slowly stir in
the vanilla frozen yogurt, along with the pineapple chunks. Blend on low
briefly. Pour into your favorite chilled mug and enjoy your healthy
drink. </div>
<div id="article-resource">
I am a professional nutritional coach, that enjoys writing about
important tips and subjects related to maintaining a healthy lifestyle.<br />
<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-9909566018562528442012-09-01T05:47:00.000-07:002012-09-01T05:47:46.432-07:00Poultry Recipes That Are Diabetic Friendly - Pineapple Lemon Chick and Grilled Chicken Salad<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Linda_Carol_Wilson" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Linda Carol Wilson"> Linda Carol Wilson </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
Being diagnosed as a diabetic does not have to mean the end of
good food! It is important to follow your doctor's instructions, take
your medications whether pills or shots, and eat healthy. Fortunately,
healthy no long means blah foods. The chicken recipes in this article
are all diabetic friendly yet very tasty. Even the non-diabetics among
your family and friends will enjoy these dishes with you! The Chicken
with Pineapple and Lemon gives you a nice chicken breast served with the
sauce it is baked in. The Chicken on Greens is basically a grilled
chicken breast on a salad, meaning a light healthy meal.<br />
CHICKEN WITH PINEAPPLE AND LEMON
<br />
1 can (20-oz) sliced pineapple in its juice
<br />
1 garlic clove, pressed
<br />
1 tbsp cornstarch
<br />
2 tsp Worcestershire sauce
<br />
2 tsp Dijon mustard
<br />
1 tsp dried rosemary, crumbled
<br />
3 whole chicken breasts, split
<br />
1 tsp salt
<br />
1 small lemon, thinly sliced<br />
Preheat broiler.<br />
Drain the
pineapple; reserve the juice. Combine the juice with the garlic,
cornstarch, Worcestershire sauce, mustard, and rosemary.<br />
Arrange the chicken, skin side up in a shallow baking dish; sprinkle with the salt. Broil until browned.<br />
Stir
the prepared sauce and pour over the chicken. Bake at 400 degrees for
30 minutes. Arrange the pineapple and lemon around the chicken and spoon
sauce over all. Bake an additional 5 minutes.<br />
Yield: 6 servings<br />
This
dish has the natural sugar of the pineapple and juice. However, the
protein of the chicken gives you a good carb to protein ratio.<br />
CHICKEN ON GREENS
<br />
4 boneless skinless chicken breasts
<br />
1 tbsp olive or canola oil
<br />
2 tsp chopped fresh thyme or 3/4 tsp dried thyme
<br />
1/2 tsp salt
<br />
1/2 tsp freshly ground black pepper
<br />
8 cups mixed salad greens
<br />
1/4 cup reduced-fat balsamic vinaigrette
<br />
1 cup cherry tomatoes, halved<br />
Place the chicken breasts
between two pieces of plastic wrap and pound into a thickness of
1/2-inch. Drizzle the oil over the chicken and sprinkle with the salt,
pepper, and thyme.<br />
Spray a grill pan with nonstick cooking spray.
Cook chicken on the grill at a medium-high heat for 3 to 4 minutes per
side or until the juices run clear. Chicken is not done until the juices
run clear!<br />
Toss the salad greens with the vinaigrette and
tomatoes; divide between 4 plates. Place a chicken breast atop the
greens on each plate.<br />
Yield: 4 servings
<br />
Per serving: 258 calories, 41 grams protein and 11 grams carbohydrates<br />
Enjoy!</div>
<div id="article-resource">
For more of Linda's recipes and diabetic information visit <a href="http://diabeticenjoyingfood.blogspot.com/" target="_new">http://diabeticenjoyingfood.blogspot.com</a> <br />
For her old fashion recipe collection visit her at <a href="http://grandmasvintagerecipes.blogspot.com/" target="_new">http://grandmasvintagerecipes.blogspot.com</a><br />
<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-40769709280777823952012-08-31T03:22:00.000-07:002012-08-31T03:22:27.823-07:00Best Hamburger Recipe: How To Make Grilled Pineapple Burgers<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=KC_Kudra" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author KC Kudra"> KC Kudra </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
Do you love making and eating the best hamburger recipe you can
find? You can find many different and delicious ideas by searching for
them online. If you love hamburgers, but you want to try something new
and exciting for a change of pace, you might want to learn how to make
grilled pineapple burgers.<br />
They
are tasty and actually quite simple to make, since you will mix the
hamburger meat of ground beef, which ever you prefer, and then form the
meat into hamburger patties. However, to dress the hamburgers up a bit
for grilling you will add a slice of pineapple to the top of the burger
and then wrap the meat and the pineapple in a bacon strip. After
chilling them for a bit, you simply fire up the grill to cook them.
Brush with the barbeque mixture and before you know it, you and your
family or friends will be eating like kings and queens.<br />
<b>Adapting Hamburger Recipes</b><br />
This
particular recipe makes 8 grilled pineapple burgers; however, you can
adapt it to serve more people by increasing the recipe to double the
ingredients to make 16 grilled pineapple burgers. Add a delicious fresh
vegetable salad or maybe even some potato logs or French fries to
complete the meal. Later you may want to serve a delicious and creamy
dessert as an after dinner treat.<br />
<b>Recipe for Grilled Pineapple Burgers</b><br />
<i>What You Need</i>
<br />
<ul>
<li>2 pounds hamburger or ground beef</li>
<li>3 Tablespoons Italian dressing</li>
<li>1 teaspoon salt</li>
<li>1/8 teaspoon pepper</li>
<li>1 can sliced pineapples 15 ¼ ounce</li>
<li>8 slices bacon strips</li>
<li>¾ cup barbeque sauce</li>
<li>¼ cups packed brown sugar</li>
<li>¼ cup honey</li>
<li>1 Tablespoon lemon juice</li>
</ul>
<i>How to Make It</i><br />
Using
a large mixing bowl you will add the hamburger or ground beef, Italian
dressing, salt and pepper. Combine well and then shape the mixture into 8
hamburger patties with a diameter of about 3 inches.<br />
Drain the
sliced pineapples and then press a pineapple slice into each of the
hamburger patties. Wrap each hamburger patty with a slice of bacon.
Secure by using a toothpick and then place the patties on a 13 x 9 inch
baking pan. Set aside until needed.<br />
Using a medium size mixing
bowl you will add the barbeque sauce, brown sugar, honey and lemon
juice. Mix to combine thoroughly. Brush some of this barbeque mixture
over the pineapple hamburger patties. Cover baking pan with aluminum
foil or plastic food wrap. Place the pan in the refrigerator to chill
the burgers for about 2 hours.<br />
Prepare the grill by placing the
rack about 4 inches above the coals to grill the hamburgers. When the
grill is ready place the hamburger patties with the pineapple side down
over the hot coals for about 12 to 15 minutes. Turn the patties and then
brush them again using the barbeque mixture. Grill for 10 to 15 minute
more or until the meat is done. You can also heat the remaining barbeque
sauce and then serve it for spreading or dipping the hamburgers.</div>
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The Best Burger Recipes the Net Has to Offer - BestHamburgerRecipes.org<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-69212147014035365212012-08-30T03:26:00.000-07:002012-08-30T03:26:09.486-07:00Diet Friendly Recipe - Grilled Plum Chicken<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Elizabeth_Beauchamp" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Elizabeth Beauchamp"> Elizabeth Beauchamp </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
Okay, in this recipe you will need a lot of patience because it
requires more time to marinate the main ingredient. So you better save
this for special occasions like if you have a dinner with your family or
a barbecue party with your friends. The least you could do is to
marinate the main ingredient in the morning so that by the time the
night comes, it will be ready to cook. You will be cooking chicken,
since it is one of our favorite ingredients. It would also be better to
add more taste to it. So have a little patience, you will be surprised
by the taste if it is marinated fully. Try this recipe out and follow
the instructions so that nothing can go wrong with your preparation of
food. Here is the recipe for grilled plum chicken.<br />
Ingredients:<br />
• 2 lbs boneless skinless chicken breasts
<br />
• 2 tablespoons balsamic vinegar
<br />
• 2 teaspoons Dijon mustard
<br />
• 1/2 teaspoon salt
<br />
• 1/8 teaspoon black pepper
<br />
• 1/3 cup olive oil
<br />
• 1/2 cup plum sauce<br />
Cooking the Food:<br />
1. Put the
chicken in a clean bowl or container, you will be applying the marinade
after you are done mixing it. In another bowl, mix the vinegar, mustard,
salt and pepper. Combine it properly so that all of the ingredients
have been mixed together. When done, pour the marinade over the chicken
and put it in the refrigerator to marinate. Marinating time is 6 hours
or overnight if you would want. The longer the time you let the chicken
marinate, the tastier it will be.<br />
2. When the marinating is done,
you can prepare your grill. If you are using an electric grill, preheat
it to high and cover with a lid to burn off the excess food that had
been stuck on the grill rack or if you want, you can wash the grill rack
before you turn on the electric grill. If an electric grill is not
available, you can use the common grill; just put in medium coal and
burn it.<br />
3. If you are ready, put the chicken on the grill for
about 12 minutes. When bottom part is done, turn over the chicken to the
other side and cook for another 12 minutes. When done, brush some plum
juice over the chicken and grill for a minute for each side.<br />
4.
Place the finished dish on a clean plate and serve hot. Prepare some
fruit juice or cold water to go with the dish. You can add some side
vegetables if you want. Just put the desired vegetables on the grill and
cook it.<br />
This recipe has 39% calories, 18% sodium, and 70% of
protein. You can lessen your sodium intake by replacing salt with low
sodium soy sauce or low sodium vinegar. Since the chicken you have
bought is skinless, its calorie value lessens. So this recipe is good
for your diet regimen. Now you can eat a delicious dish without worrying
about your diet.</div>
<div id="article-resource">
Elizabeth Beauchamp is a writer who is a health and fitness
enthusiast. In fact, he likes to write about food, diet and topics about
<a href="http://www.howtogrillbook.net/how_to_grill_chicken.html" rel="nofollow" target="_new">grilled chicken recipe</a> and <a href="http://www.howtogrillbook.net/how_to_grill_vegetables.html" rel="nofollow" target="_new">grill vegetables</a>, and other interesting stuff.<br />
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<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-87904377223750029502012-08-29T03:50:00.000-07:002012-08-29T03:50:07.879-07:00Plum and Cinnamon Mousse With a Knockout Taste<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Uma_Wylde" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Uma Wylde"> Uma Wylde </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
I'm not a great lover of fresh plums, but once cooked they take on a whole new texture and have an intensely delicious taste.<br />
Actually,
to be totally honest, my plum mousse recipe came about by accident. I
was out shopping in my local supermarket the other week when some bright
red plums caught my eye. The trouble was they didn't taste anywhere
near as good as they looked. Biting into the flesh was a dismal
experience. I expected a mouthful of lush, juicy fruit, but what I got
was bland, tasteless mush. So I left them to ripen for a week and tried
again. Still no improvement and to make matters worse they looked tired
and unappetizing and therefore unlikely to get eaten. There was nothing
for it but to stew them.<br />
I don't know why, but something good happens when you cook plums.<br />
Even
those wrinkly skinned plums lurking in the bottom of the fruit bowl
will transform into intense juicy pieces of flesh.It has to be said that
a generous slug of sloe gin during cooking, greatly adds to the flavour
too. Failing that a drop of port or even orange juice will do.<br />
What's
good about this recipe is that you're really getting two for the price
of one. Leave out the cream and egg whites and you've got yourself a
deliciously fruity conserve. Wonderful spread on croissants, toast and
scones and if refrigerated in an airtight jar will keep for a month.<br />
So,
if you have some poor old plums no one wants to eat, don't throw them
out, here's what to do with them...the end result it a pretty pink
delicate mousse with a truly knockout taste.<br />
PLUM AND CINNAMON MOUSSE<br />
Serves: 2 generous<br />
Effort Level: Easy<br />
Shelf Life: Eat same day<br />
Ingredients:<br />
250g tart dark plums<br />
60ml sloe gin (otherwise use port)<br />
50g caster sugar<br />
75ml heavy cream<br />
2 egg whites<br />
2 heaped tsp powdered gelatine<br />
¼ tsp ground cinnamon<br />
Equipment:<br />
Small saucepan<br />
2 small mixing bowls<br />
Blender stick, liquidiser or food processor<br />
Whisk or electric beater<br />
2 large ramekins or 4 small<br />
<b>N.B:</b> Concentrate on blitzing the plums only and not the juice, as I've found the gelatine doesn't set so well otherwise.<br />
<b>Here's What You Do:</b><br />
Wash
the plums and place in a small saucepan with the sugar and sloe gin.
Cover with a lid and leave to simmer gently over a low heat for 10
minutes or until soft.<br />
Meanwhile, whip the cream to soft peaks and put aside.<br />
Repeat with egg whites, beating them until they're glossy white and resemble shaving foam.<br />
Now take the plums off the heat, scoop them onto a plate and leave to cool.<br />
Next,
sprinkle the gelatine over the hot plum liquid and stir until
dissolved. If necessary return the pan to a very low heat stirring
constantly.<br />
Once the plums are cool enough to handle remove their
stones and return them to the saucepan. Add ¼ tsp cinnamon and
concentrate on blending just the fruit then mix with the juice (<b><i>bottle them at this stage if making plum jam</i></b>).<br />
Next, reserve 2 tbsps of the plum puree (you'll need it for decoration later), then fold the cream into the remaining puree.<br />
Now
fold in the egg white, the resulting mixture should be pale pinky in
colour (don't worry if it's a little on the sloppy side, it will set).<br />
Divide
between the ramekins then swirl the reserved pureed plum over the top
of each and chill in the freezer for 1 hour or the fridge for 3 before
serving.</div>
<div id="article-resource">
Uma Wylde is a natural born cook. She specialises in creating
stunning tastes. If you're having trouble getting food to taste the way
you want it to or are just bored cooking the same old things, try
following some of her carefully explained recipes at <a href="http://www.umawylde.com/" target="_new">http://www.umawylde.com</a>.
Unlike traditional recipes, which often leave you dangling, hers show
you how to bring the whole meal together, so everything turns out
perfectly.<br />
<br />
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<a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/">That You Can Find Easily At The Comfort Of Your Kitchen.</a> <br />
<br />
<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-31413954532643037502012-08-28T06:07:00.000-07:002012-08-28T06:07:42.308-07:00Beef And Plum Fajitas<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Christine_Szalay_Kudra" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Christine Szalay Kudra"> Christine Szalay Kudra </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
Fajitas are a very simple Mexican meal that most people can make
in a crunch. A fajita generally refers to any grilled meat or vegetable
served on a corn of flour tortilla. Originally, this dish was made with a
specific cut of beef called skirt steak. Today, however, fajitas can be
made from shrimp, pork, beef, and chicken. Usually, the meat is paired
with cooked bell peppers and onions. When eating a fajita, people love
to top the dish with favored condiments, such as sour cream, shredded
lettuce, pico de gallo, cheese, tomatoes, sour cream, and guacamole.<br />
<b>Fajita Bar</b><br />
One
great way to serve your fajitas is to create a fajita bar. This can be
done with your family or even at a dinner party. Place different
condiments in small bowls. Place the small bowl around a serving platter
that is filled with your fajita meat and vegetables. It is a great idea
to place the tortillas at one end of the table followed by the meat and
vegetables and then the condiments on the other side. This way, your
guests can go down the line fixing their fajita. This meal also beats
having to make everyone's dish and is a lot easier on the host.<br />
<b>Plum Good Fajitas</b><br />
This
recipe adds a new twist to the traditional fajitas by adding in plums
and lemonade concentrate. This fruit gives the meat a new flavor. This
recipe makes 8 servings. A great idea is to serve this dish with sliced
green onions, sour cream, guacamole, and salsa.<br />
This recipe
utilizes a grill. If you do not have a grill, meal can be prepared by
sautéing meat and vegetables in a frying pan on your stove.<br />
<i>What You Need:</i><br />
<ul>
<li>1 17-ounce can purple plums in heavy syrup, undrained</li>
<li>½ cup butter or margarine</li>
<li>1 large onion, chopped</li>
<li>1 6-ounce can frozen lemonade concentrate, thawed and undiluted</li>
<li>½ cup chili sauce</li>
<li>¼ cup soy sauce</li>
<li>1 tablespoon dry mustard</li>
<li>1 teaspoon ground ginger</li>
<li>1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce</li>
<li>2 drops of hot sauce</li>
<li>8 8-inch flour tortillas</li>
<li>1 red bell pepper, cut into strips</li>
<li>1 green bell pepper, cut into strips</li>
<li>1 large onion, sliced</li>
<li>2 1-pound flank steaks</li>
</ul>
<i>How To Make It:</i>Drain
plums, reserving syrup. Remove pits from plums and discard. Puree plums
and syrup in a blender, stopping once to scrape down sides.<br />
Melt
butter in a saucepan over medium-high heat. Add chopped onion, and sauté
until tender. Stir in plum puree, lemonade concentrate and next 6
ingredients. Bring sauce to a boil. Reduce heat, and simmer 15 minutes.<br />
Heat tortillas according to package directions, and keep warm.<br />
Place
peppers and onion slices in a grill basket coated with vegetable
cooking spray. Place basket and steaks on food rack. Baste with plum
sauce. Grill, without grill lid, over high heat, 400 degrees to 500
degrees, 20 minutes or until desired degree of doneness, basting often
and turning steaks once.<br />
Cut steaks diagonally across the grain
into thin strips. Place steak and vegetables evenly in tortillas, and
roll up, jellyroll fashion.<br />
Serve with desired toppings.</div>
<div id="article-resource">
Fajitas is just one of many <a href="http://www.mexicanfoodrecipes.org/Mexican-Recipes/index.php#easy-mexican-recipes" target="_new">easy Mexican recipes</a>. If you are ever in a bind with what to serve at a Mexican themed dinner party, there are a lot of traditional <a href="http://www.mexicanfoodrecipes.org/" target="_new">Mexican recipes</a> that can be prepared to give your guests a taste of the flavors from south of the border.<br />
MexicanFoodRecipes.org When it has to be Real Authentic Mexican Food<br />
<br />
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<br />
<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-70346472748512882122012-08-27T03:36:00.000-07:002012-08-27T03:36:43.808-07:00Benefits of Plums For Natural Weight Loss<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Jeffrey_Warne" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Jeffrey Warne"> Jeffrey Warne </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
A plum is a delicious fruit when eaten alone or in fruit salads
or cut up in cereals and yogurt. It can also be cooked up to make
compote or sauces for dessert dishes.<br />
Plums
are very nutritious and contain potassium, Vitamin A, Magnesium, Iron
and fibres which keep us healthy and full of energy. They also prevent
platelet clotting which may result in diseases like Artherosclerosis,
High Blood pressure, Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease.<br />
It also prevents constipation and removes toxins from the body. In this you can lose weight naturally.
<br />
Plum contains citric acid that can prevent tiredness and muscle
cramp. It improves gastrointestinal and liver function and thus prevents
constipation.<br />
So start eating plums to keep healthy and beautiful and also to lose weight.<br />
Summing
up, you should eat plums for various purposes. You can get various
vitamins and minerals from these, improve your circulatory system,
digestive system and your heart's health. It will also help you to stay
active and energetic.<br />
You can follow the tested diet plans for
weight loss. These plans contain everything you need in order to lose
the excess weight without any hard workouts. These diet plans can be
easily used by the family to lose weight and to stay slim thereafter.
Many times, people lose the excess fat and then regain it after some
time. But with a good diet plan, you will stay in figure forever and be
able to increase your body's metabolism to lose the excess calories and
fat.</div>
<div id="article-resource">
Learn more about Great Benefits of Plums for <a href="http://www.expertweightloss.net/" target="_new">Weight Loss</a> and the Real Proven Secret to Weight Loss at The <a href="http://www.expertweightloss.net/" target="_new">Expert Weight Loss</a> Website.<br />
<br />
<div id="article-resource">
<b>Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes</b><br />
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<br />
<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-73923253050811923572012-08-25T04:09:00.000-07:002012-08-25T04:09:53.399-07:00There Are No Plums in Plum Pudding<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Bonita_Anderson" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Bonita Anderson"> Bonita Anderson </a></i><br />
<br />
It happens every year. Somewhere between roast turkey and squash
pie someone will start asking about Christmas. We will sit and talk
about the next feast for hours, but nothing ever gets set in stone that
day. The ideas and planning will go on for weeks. It never works to tell
everyone to bring something because sometimes we end up with three or
four of the same dish. The only thing agreed upon was that Christmas
dinner would be at my place as usual. The menu will be worked out in the
next few weeks.<br />
One of the
topics happened to be about plum pudding. Someone did not know what it
was. Someone else had it confused with fruit cake and another thought it
was mince meat pie. I came to the conclusion that none of them had ever
eaten plum pudding. I have not had made it for years, so my mission is
to make plum pudding this year for Christmas dinner.<br />
Plum pudding
is simple to make. You will need 1-cup chopped suet, 1-cup chopped
apples, 1-cup chopped and blanched almonds, 1-cup raisins, 1-cup
currants, 1-cup candied cherries, 1-cup candied citron and 1-cup candied
pineapple. Mix all of those together well.<br />
Next mix together
1-cup flour, 1-cup sugar, 1-cup cracker crumbs, 1-teaspoon allspice and
1-teaspoon cinnamon. Add that to the fruit and mix well. Beat 2-eggs and
2/3rd-cup of milk and mix with the fruit mixture.<br />
Now fill
custard cups or ramekins 2/3-full and cover with foil. Place in pan with
1-inch of water in the bottom. Cover with foil and bake in 300-degree
oven for three hours. Serve with lemon or hard brandy sauce. This makes a
nice compliment for ham.</div>
<div id="article-resource">
Everything I write about is from personal observation and life
experiences. I love to cook and prepare foods in different ways. I like
sharing my experiences about food and cooking. My website
[http://www.pothaven.com] was created because of my interest in quality
cookware and cooking.<br />
<br />
<div id="article-resource">
<b>Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes</b><br />
<a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/">Secret To A Vibrant And Healthy Lifestyle </a><br />
<a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/">That You Can Find Easily At The Comfort Of Your Kitchen.</a> <br />
<br />
<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
<span class="instructions"><br />For the world most healthy foods visit<a href="http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html"> http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html</a></span></div>
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Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/368343</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-84002295647532883852012-08-24T03:54:00.000-07:002012-08-24T03:54:06.109-07:00Moroccan Tagine of Lamb and Prunes Recipe<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Esther_Bousselham" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Esther Bousselham"> Esther Bousselham </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
Moroccan Tagine of Lamb and Prunes<br />
Lamb
with prunes tagine is a classic Moroccan dish that combines sweet
prunes and savory tender meat with the fragrant intense spices of
ginger, saffron, cinnamon and pepper. It's often served at parties,
weddings and other special occasions with khobz (Moroccan bread) for
soaking up the tasty juices.<br />
Moroccan Jews serve this dish to
celebrate the New Year as the sweetness of the dish symbolizes their
hope for sweetness in the forthcoming year.
<br />
TIP - It can be made the day before an event and re-heated just before the party.<br />
This
recipe explains how to cook the dish using the traditional ceramic
tagine pot as this provides better results, but you can use a pressure
cooker or a casserole.<br />
Preparation Time: 15 minutes
<br />
Cook Time: 3 hours
<br />
Serves 4 to 6<br />
Ingredients:<br />
• 2 lb. (about 1 kg) tender lamb, cut into three inch pieces
<br />
• 2 medium onions, grated or very finely chopped
<br />
• 3 cloves garlic, finely chopped or pressed
<br />
• 3/4 teaspoon salt
<br />
• 1 teaspoon pepper
<br />
• 1 teaspoon ginger
<br />
• 1/2 teaspoon saffron threads, crumbled
<br />
• 1/2 teaspoon turmeric
<br />
• 1 or 2 sticks of cinnamon
<br />
• 1/4 cup olive oil
<br />
• 1/4 cup butter or vegetable oil
<br />
• handful of coriander sprigs, tied together into a bouquet
<br />
• 1/2 lb. (about 1/4 kg) prunes (Stone-in prunes tend to hold together better.)
<br />
• 1 tablespoon honey
<br />
• 2 tablespoons sugar
<br />
• 1 1/2 teaspoons ground cinnamon
<br />
• 1 tablespoon toasted golden sesame seeds (optional)
<br />
• handful of fried blanched almonds (optional)<br />
Preparation:<br />
Slice
one of the onions and layer the onion rings on the bottom of the
tagine. Finely chop the other onion and mix with the meat, garlic, oils
and spices, and place on the onion rings. Add 2 1/2 cups of water,
cover, and place the tagine on the hob over a medium heat. Allow the
tagine to reach a gentle bubbling boil (this may take a while), and then
reduce the heat and simmer. Allow the tagine to cook for 2.5 hours,
then add the prunes and honey, sugar and cinnamon and simmer for a
further 20 minutes, or until the meat is very tender and the liquids are
reduced. The meat should be falling off the bone. Remove and discard
the coriander sprigs.<br />
Serve in the tagine pot. Garnish with fried almonds and/or sesame seeds for extra flavour and wow factor to impress your guests.</div>
<div id="article-resource">
<a href="http://www.cafemozaic.co.uk/" rel="nofollow" target="_new">http://www.cafemozaic.co.uk/</a><br />
<br />
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<br />
<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
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<br />
Authentic Moroccan food in Manchester</div>
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Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/5736871</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-47347238759960353482012-08-23T07:00:00.004-07:002012-08-26T06:26:18.878-07:00Try the Flavour of Juicy Plum<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Navodita_Maurice" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Navodita Maurice"> Navodita Maurice </a></i><br />
<br />
Plum is also known as gage is a stone fruit placed in the genus <i> Prunus and subgenus </i>
Prunus. Plum can be distinguished from other members of family like
peaches, cherries and bird cherries by its shoot which bears a terminal
bud and the side buds are solitary. The stem is short and bears 1-5
flowers in groups. The fruit is characterized by the presence of one
groove running across the surface with a stone like seed. Mature plum
fruits have a dusty-white coating which gives them a glaucous appearance
which can be rubbed off. This dusty-white coating is due to the layer
of the epicuticular wax and is known as wax bloom. Dried fruits are
known as plums or prunes but presently plum word is most appropriately
used for them as prunes are other types of plums. The name plum has
originated from a Latin word.<br />
The
fruit is sweet in taste with tart skin. It can be eaten fresh or may be
used in making jams and other preparations as the fruit is juicy. Plum
juice can be fermented to yield plum wine and after distillation it
produces brandy known as Rakia in Eastern Europe. In Central England a
cider like alcoholic beverage known as plum jerkum is produced from
these fruits. Dried plum fruits are also sweet in taste, juicy and rich
in efficient amounts of antioxidants. They along with prunes are popular
for their laxative effects. This effect may be contributed due to the
presence of a large number of chemical compounds namely dietary fiber,
sorbitol and isatin. Prunes and prune juice are often used in treating
some of the problems associated with the digestive system. Prunes can be
beneficial in treating constipation also.<br />
Dried and salted plums
are often used as snacks and are sometimes known as salao. Various
flavours of dried plums are available at Chinese grocers as well as all
over the world. Pickled plums are also available at the Asian as well as
the specialty stores. Like other members of the rose family they also
contain cyanogenic glycosides, including amygdalin. These compounds upon
metabolism decompose into sugar molecule and yield hydrogen cyanide
gas. The seeds are not toxic but can affect human health if consumed in
large proportion. Prune kernel oil is obtained from the inner layer of
pit. They are available in a wide variety of sizes and colours ranging
from red, yellow, white or green. They also produce flowers in the early
spring and if conditions remain favourable about 50% of the flowers
will produce successful fruits. If the weather conditions tend to remain
dry the fruits drop as young green buds and may also suffer from fungal
infections like brown rot. Plum is used as food by many larvae of
Lepidotera.</div>
<div id="article-resource">
Navodita Maurice<br />
<br />
<div id="article-resource">
<b>Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes</b><br />
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<br />
<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
<span class="instructions"><br />For the world most healthy foods visit<a href="http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html"> http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html</a></span></div>
<br /></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-75126236279286048892012-08-23T05:45:00.000-07:002012-08-23T05:45:46.385-07:00Prune Juice For Constipation - You Can Make It Taste Great!<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Simone_Roberts" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Simone Roberts"> Simone Roberts </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
Children often find the taste of prune juice displeasing and it
puts them off drinking it. It is not advisable to give prune juice to
children under the age of 4 months old either.<br />
Many people suggest drinking 2 liters of alkalizing water and loads of fruit and vegetables or even herbal teas.<br />
Let's look at why prune juice for constipation is so prominent and why it is supposed to help.<br />
First
of all prunes are a mild stimulant. There is no demonstration that this
will cause any problems to the colon. Prune juice contains
dihydrophenylisatin and 6% dietary fiber which causes the movement of
the bowel. It is advocated that everyone try to drink a glass before
they go to bed and again when they wake up to start the day off with
another glass<br />
This is a yummy recipe for prune juice<br />
To give
this juice a go for constipation but would much sooner have a very nice
drink we have provided a surprising recipe for a fruit drink that
includes plums, pears and apples that may help get things going.<br />
Take
a big apple and get rid of the seeds. The malic acid in green apples
will help to break down fatty tissues through the intestines,
gallbladder and liver. They are also high in fiber which will help as
well.<br />
Take an ample pear and blend it without the seed and for
extra fiber you can leave on the peel. Pears are a magnificent source of
fiber and are brimming with minerals and vitamins which help to clear
away the kidneys and colon. Pears also help regenerate blood cells.<br />
Take
half a cup of juice and add to the blender. Apart from the laxative
effects of prunes they are high in iron and great for people who may
suffer from anemia. Blend together and refrigerate. This will only last
for around 12 hours so drink up and enjoy because <a href="http://www.natural-constipation-remedies.com/prune-juice-for-constipation" rel="nofollow" target="_new">prune juice for constipation</a> never tasted so good.</div>
<div id="article-resource">
Prune juice will not work for every person and you may need to discover some other cures. I would suggest you take a look at <a href="http://www.natural-constipation-remedies.com/" target="_new">constipation remedies</a> and how other people have cured this problem.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div id="article-resource">
<b>Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes</b><br />
<a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/">Secret To A Vibrant And Healthy Lifestyle </a><br />
<a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/">That You Can Find Easily At The Comfort Of Your Kitchen.</a> <br />
<br />
<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-1957359465862127532012-08-22T05:51:00.000-07:002012-08-22T05:51:05.886-07:00How to Make Old Fashion Prune Cake and Strawberry Shortcut Cake<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Linda_Carol_Wilson" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Linda Carol Wilson"> Linda Carol Wilson </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
More recipes for old fashion cakes like the ones from Grandma's
recipe box. These recipes are for Prune Cake which starts with a yellow
cake mix and uses lemon filling. Strawberry Shortcut Cake is a recipe
from days in Southern Indiana. It is a great sheet cake.<br />
Old Fashion Prune Cake<br />
1 box yellow cake mix
<br />
3 eggs
<br />
1/2 cup cooking oil
<br />
1/2 cup water
<br />
1 tsp cinnamon
<br />
1/4 tsp nutmeg
<br />
1 cup cut-up, pitted, uncooked prunes
<br />
1 cup chopped nuts
<br />
Your favorite lemon filling
<br />
Whipped cream<br />
Cover prunes with boiling water and let sit for 2 hours.<br />
Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Grease and flour a jellyroll pan; set aside.<br />
In
a medium mixing bowl, combine the cake mix, cinnamon and nutmeg. Add
the eggs, oil, and water; mix thoroughly. Drain the prunes and add to
the mixture. Pour mixture into the prepared pan and sprinkle the nuts
over the batter. Bake about 35 minutes, or until a wooden toothpick
inserted in the center comes out clean, at 350 degrees. Cool cake
completely then cut in half crosswise. Place one piece on a serving
plate. Cover the top with your favorite lemon filling. Pipe whipped
cream around the top edge of the cake with a smaller circle of whipped
cream in the center. Garnish with some nut halves, if desired. Also pipe
whipped cream around the bottom edge of the cake, if desired.<br />
Strawberry Shortcut Cake<br />
1 cup miniature marshmallows
<br />
2 cups frozen strawberries
<br />
3 oz pkg strawberry gelatin
<br />
2 1/4 cups all-purpose flour
<br />
1 1/2 cups sugar
<br />
1/2 cup shortening
<br />
3 tsp baking powder
<br />
1/2 tsp salt
<br />
1 cup milk
<br />
1 tsp vanilla
<br />
3 eggs<br />
Preheat oven to 350 degrees.<br />
Grease a 9 x 13-inch
baking pan. Sprinkle marshmallows over the bottom of the baking pan.
Combine strawberries and dry gelatin; set aside. Combine the flour and
the remaining ingredients; beat at low speed of an electric mixer until
moistened. Pour batter over the marshmallows in pan. Spoon strawberry
mixture over the batter. Bake at 350 degrees for 45 to 50 minutes. Serve
topped with whipped cream.<br />
Enjoy!</div>
<div id="article-resource">
For more of Linda's old fashion recipes go to <a href="http://grandmasvintagerecipes.blogspot.com/" target="_new">http://grandmasvintagerecipes.blogspot.com</a><br />
For her diabetic recipes and information go to <a href="http://diabeticenjoyingfood.blogspot.com/" target="_new">http://diabeticenjoyingfood.blogspot.com</a><br />
<br />
<div id="article-resource">
<b>Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes</b><br />
<a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/">Secret To A Vibrant And Healthy Lifestyle </a><br />
<a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/">That You Can Find Easily At The Comfort Of Your Kitchen.</a> <br />
<br />
<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
<span class="instructions"><br />For the world most healthy foods visit<a href="http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html"> http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html</a></span></div>
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<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Linda_Carol_Wilson">http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Linda_Carol_Wilson</a>
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Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/2632799</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-81847477783415464172012-08-21T03:52:00.000-07:002012-08-21T03:52:00.853-07:00How About a Fiber Rich Fruit Smoothie to Fight Constipation?<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Bill_Mansen" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Bill Mansen"> Bill Mansen </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
I'm sure you've been constipated before and the feeling is far
from pleasant. A lot of people experience constipation, which is
commonly caused by lack of physical activity, unhealthy food choices and
inadequate water intake. Constipation is a painful digestive disorder,
but it is actually easy to relieve. Aside from getting physically active
and drinking adequate amounts of water, you need to incorporate fiber
in your diet.<br />
I
strongly suggest drinking a glass of high fiber fruit smoothie to
relieve constipation. The best time to drink is in the morning. Here are
some recipes for fruit smoothies with a high amount of fiber.
Furthermore, these smoothie recipes provide a considerable amount of
important nutrients. Maintain a healthy digestive system with these
smoothie recipes. Drink a glass of fiber rich fruit smoothie to fight
and prevent constipation.<br />
PRUNE POWER<br />
What you need:<br />
Pitted prunes, 6 pieces<br />
Apple juice, 1 cup<br />
Crushed ice, 1 cup<br />
Low fat vanilla yogurt, 1 cup<br />
Cinnamon powder, 1/4 teaspoon<br />
Grated nutmeg, 1 pinch<br />
First,
submerge the prunes in warm water for 15 minutes. Then drain the
prunes. Let it cool down. Blend in the prunes, apple juice, ice and
yogurt. Add cinnamon and nutmeg to taste. Blend well until smooth.<br />
FRUITY FLUSH<br />
What you need:<br />
Milk or milk substitute (soy, rice, etc.), 3 cups<br />
Plain nonfat yogurt, 1 and 1/2 cups<br />
Blueberries (fresh or frozen), 1 cup<br />
Strawberries, 1/2 cup<br />
Papaya, sliced, 1 cup<br />
Banana, 1 piece<br />
Flaxseed oil, 2 tablespoons<br />
Combine everything in a blender. Blend thoroughly until smooth.<br />
TRIPLE BERRY TREAT<br />
What you need:<br />
Strawberries (stemmed and halved), 1 cup<br />
Blueberries, 1 cup<br />
Raspberries, 1 cup<br />
Low fat vanilla-flavored soy milk, 1 cup<br />
Vanilla yogurt, 1/2 cup<br />
Cinnamon powder, 1/8 teaspoon<br />
Ice cubes, 3 pieces<br />
Blend
in berries, soy milk, ice and yogurt. Then add cinnamon powder. Blend
until smooth. You can add organic honey or stevia to sweeten this high
fiber smoothie.<br />
FRUITY NUTTY WHEATIE SMOOTHIE<br />
What you need:<br />
Blackberries (fresh or frozen), 1/4 cup<br />
Unsalted almonds, crushed, 2 tablespoons<br />
Shredded wheat cereal, 1 cup<br />
Fresh pineapple juice, 5 cups<br />
Low fat vanilla yogurt, 1 cup<br />
Combine all the ingredients in a blender. Blend thoroughly until smooth.<br />
HI PROTEIN FIBER CHARGER<br />
What you need:<br />
Medium sized banana, 1 cup<br />
Eggs, 2 pieces<br />
Low fat vanilla yogurt, 1 cup<br />
Orange juice, 1 cup<br />
Fiber powder, 2 scoops<br />
Combine all the ingredients in a blender. Blend well until smooth.<br />
MUESLI MADNESS<br />
What you need:<br />
Muesli, 1 cup<br />
Apple, cored and sliced<br />
Medium sized banana, 1 piece<br />
Whey protein powder, 1 scoop<br />
Low fat vanilla-flavored soy milk, 1 cup<br />
Start by blending the muesli dry until fine. Then add the soy milk, fruits and why protein powder. Blend well until smooth.</div>
<div id="article-resource">
Take good care of your digestion by drinking these <a href="http://www.sensationalsmoothies.com/" target="_new">fiber rich smoothies</a>,
and constipation won't be a problem anymore. Find out about the other
health benefits of smoothies and you can indulge without the guilt by
learning how to make <a href="http://www.sensationalsmoothies.com/" target="_new">smoothie cocktails</a>.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div id="article-resource">
<b>Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes</b><br />
<a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/">Secret To A Vibrant And Healthy Lifestyle </a><br />
<a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/">That You Can Find Easily At The Comfort Of Your Kitchen.</a> <br />
<br />
<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
<span class="instructions"><br />For the world most healthy foods visit<a href="http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html"> http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html</a></span></div>
<br /></div>
Article Source:
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Bill_Mansen">http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Bill_Mansen</a>
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Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/3846574</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-29528345720603728452012-08-20T05:48:00.000-07:002012-08-20T05:48:47.716-07:00Recovering From Colon Surgery - What to Eat<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Colleen_Kitchen" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Colleen Kitchen"> Colleen Kitchen </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
I recently underwent a partial transverse colon resection in
order to remove a large polyp. Luckily the polyp had not advanced to the
cancerous stage, but it still had to be removed surgically. When I
first woke up I was placed on strict "tepid water only" until there was
some evidence of bowel motility. The last thing you would want to do was
stuff a bunch of food in a food processing factory that was not
running--the food would rot!<br />
Within
8 hours post close, I was advanced to the "clear liquid" diet in the
hospital. I couldn't believe they wanted me (a person with high
nutritional needs at that moment) to consume nutritionally bankrupt
processed foodoids such as powdered broth in an envelope, a well-known
brand of gelatinous dessert (full of sugar that PROMOTES cancer), and
frozen sugar water on a stick--same thing. I got on my cell and
requested that my husband bring over some cans of low sodium broth and
not the el cheapo stuff. He brought me some I keep on hand to flavor
soups, etc. It was way better than that evil stuff the hospital had.
Being fed real clear liquids and managing to dodge most of the sugar I
advanced rapidly to the "full liquids" and thought I'd try the "pureed
cream of mushroom soup" the hospital offered.<br />
Bad idea. It tasted
like wallpaper paste with fake mushroom flavoring. Pasty foods thickened
with refined white flour (another known cancer PROMOTING
<br />
<br />
<li>Yams--one of the first solid foods babies eat. Mashed and thinned with grapefruit juice of all things.</li>
<li>Barley cooked with carrots and thinned with mushroom broth. Miso paste added for flavoring</li>
<li>Commercial
smoothie drinks: Amazake (note amazake is a generic name for a
fermented rice drink. It is not a brand name) or fruit smoothies
sweetened with agave or natural rice sugar work. Ordinarily I cook from
scratch but these are a great time saver when you're not up to it</li>
<li>Raw
fresh vegetable and fruit juices my friends who have juicers brought
for me. As I write I'm drinking a delicious carrot apple ginger
concoction. </li>
<li>Papaya smoothies modified from the blog recipe. I
made two variations: one similar to on the blog but the dicey
ingredients (fibrous ginger and seeds) omitted and sweetened with prune
juice, and another new combo of papaya and some of the organic beet
cardamom flavored applesauce I put away last summer. Even though this is
whole skin applesauce, the skin is completely pulverized and cooked and
it did not cause any problems.</li>
<li>Avocado/low sodium vegetable
juice cocktail smoothie. Don't try this right away. I think I attempted
this too soon. I was craving some fat and that big dose of fat when I
had been a week with virtually none was a bit of a shock to my system.
Or it might have been the tomato. </li>
<li>Squash bisque. Recipe on the blog. Super delicious. Adjust the garlic to your preference. </li>
<li>Soft boiled eggs go down easy and give you protein. </li>
<li>Prune
juice is very unsexy because it conjures up images of a constipated
cranky old man with a walker. Some people really don't like it. I didn't
want to take chances with constipation, so I chugged a shot glass of
prune juice after each meal. Seemed to work.</li>
What to avoid: All
white pasty foods such as pasta, white bread, crackers, white sauce,
heavily milk-based foods and of course refined sugar. These may go down
easy but even if they don't set up in your colon, they cause your
chemistry to be altered in a way that impedes healing. Your doctor may
say these are OK, but in general doctors are complete ignoramuses when
it comes to a humble "chick thing" like nutrition. Your doctor may tell
you to avoid raw but he's only worried about chunks. I drank raw
smoothies and juices just fine as long as they were pulverized. In
general it is better to avoid the gas producers such as lentils and
beans, and the very bulky stuff such as celery or leafy greens at first,
and add them back in with caution as your healing progresses.<br />
Choose from fresh starchy and root vegetables, fresh whole grains, fresh fruits of the highest quality and you can't go wrong.<br />
You
will do better if you eat six to eight small meals per day washed down
with copious amounts of water. Yes you will pee a lot. This is good. It
is your system sloughing off the residues of all the toxins you got in
the hospital, including anasthesia, pain meds, and bowel stimulators. I
also caution you to get in the habit of chewing your food thoroughly.
Even 100% healthy bowels don't like chunks. God gave us teeth for a
reason. And not only that--the more you chew the more saliva you get
mixed with your food and that is a positive thing.<br />
Good luck and Godspeed in your recovery or the recovery of the loved one for whom you are preparing food.</div>
<div id="article-resource">
The focus of Colleen's food blog <a href="http://food.dorkage.net/" target="_new">Dork Chow</a>
has always been healthy and sustainable eating practices. Colleen's
recent hospitalization for colon surgery has prompted a new batch of
specifically soft recovery diet recipes. The squash bisque is da bomb
and the whole family will enjoy it.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div id="article-resource">
<b>Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes</b><br />
<a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/">Secret To A Vibrant And Healthy Lifestyle </a><br />
<a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/">That You Can Find Easily At The Comfort Of Your Kitchen.</a> <br />
<br />
<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
<span class="instructions"><br />For the world most healthy foods visit<a href="http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html"> http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html</a></span></div>
<br /></div>
Article Source:
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Colleen_Kitchen">http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Colleen_Kitchen</a>
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Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/2089797</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-25987336940884969862012-08-19T03:21:00.001-07:002012-08-19T03:21:39.680-07:002 Delicious And Easy To Make Crockpot Recipes With Fruit<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Christine_Szalay_Kudra" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Christine Szalay Kudra"> Christine Szalay Kudra</a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
If you have your own crockpot you may already be using various
types of recipes to make some delicious dishes and desserts. New models
generally include a few recipes that you can try, but eventually you
will want to find and use more. You might find them in various
cookbooks, shared recipes, or even while searching for them online.<br />
Using
a slow cooker helps save you time, since you can mix together the
different ingredients you need to make a particular recipe and then
simply set the dial to the temperature you need for cooking. After
placing the ingredients in the crockpot in the order called for in a
recipe, you simply cover it with the lid and then allow it to cook for a
predetermined amount of time.<br />
<b>The Best Crockpot Recipes are Good Foods and Desserts</b><br />
Some
of the different dishes you might consider making may include anything
from different types and cuts of meat, an assortment of vegetables and
fruits. Of course, there are many other types of ingredients you may
include such as herbs and spices to enhance the flavors and aromas of
the dish you are preparing.<br />
For instance, here we have two
delicious and easy to make recipes that you can make in your slow cooker
that are fruit dessert recipes. You might like to try making and
serving a curried fruit bake or maybe some garnet pears. You can delight
the children and the old folks alike while serving either of these
mouthwatering desserts. Either will taste wonderful warm or chilled, you
might want to serve the dish as it is or you may want to add a dollop
of whipped topping or even some vanilla ice cream for an extra special
after dinner treat.<br />
<b>Recipe for Crockpot Curried Fruit Bake</b><br />
<i>What You Need</i><br />
<ul>
<li>1 package pitted prunes 16 ounce</li>
<li>1 package dried apricots 11 ounce</li>
<li>2 large cans drained pineapple chunks</li>
<li>1 large can sliced peaches</li>
<li>1 cup brown sugar</li>
<li>½ teaspoon curry powder</li>
<li>1 ¾ cups ginger ale</li>
</ul>
<i>How to Make It</i><br />
Add
the pitted prunes, dried apricots, pineapple chunks, sliced peaches,
curry powder, and ginger ale into the bottom of your crockpot. Stir and
then cover with the lid. Cook this dessert on low for 4 to 5 hours, or
until done.<br />
<b>Recipe for Crockpot Garnet Pears</b><br />
<i>What You Need</i><br />
<ul>
<li>3 packages black cherry jello gelatin 3 ounce</li>
<li>1 ½ cups boiling water</li>
<li>1 cup cranberry juice</li>
<li>1 cinnamon stick</li>
<li>6 whole cloves</li>
<li>1 large can drained pears</li>
</ul>
<i>How to Make It</i><br />
Using a removable liner you will add the blackberry cherry jello gelatin and the boiling water. Mix well to combine.<br />
Stir in the cranberry juice, cinnamon, and cloves. Add the pears into the mixture and stir well but do not crush the pears.<br />
Place
the liner in the bottom of the crockpot. Cover with the lid and then
cook for about 3 to 4 hours on high or 5 to 6 hours on low.<br />
You can serve this dish warm or cold, with or without the syrup that makes in the dish while cooking.</div>
<div id="article-resource">
Some of the <a href="http://www.bestcrockpotrecipes.net/Crockpot-Recipes/index.php" target="_new">best crockpot recipes</a> you can make are for desserts. However, you can find even more delicious <a href="http://www.bestcrockpotrecipes.net/Crockpot-Recipes/index.php" target="_new">crockpot recipes</a> to make for family and friends. Visit our website today to see what we have cooking.<br />
The Best Crockpot Recipes Start With Our Recipes - BestCrockpotRecipes.net<br />
<br />
<br />
<div id="article-resource">
<b>Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes</b><br />
<a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/">Secret To A Vibrant And Healthy Lifestyle </a><br />
<a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/">That You Can Find Easily At The Comfort Of Your Kitchen.</a> <br />
<br />
<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
<span class="instructions"><br />For the world most healthy foods visit<a href="http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html"> http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html</a></span></div>
<br /></div>
Article Source:
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Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/5793549</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-54836292130546373122012-08-18T06:22:00.000-07:002012-08-18T06:22:10.255-07:00Constipation Remedy Using Apples and Other Juices<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Rudy_Silva" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Rudy Silva"> Rudy Silva </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
Here are two constipation remedies that you can use for a mild case of constipation and for a chronic case of constipation.<br />
Apple and Pear Juice<br />
If you have a mild case of constipation, you can use this remedy to get results.<br />
Prepare equal amounts of fresh apple and pear juice. Drink this combination when you first wake up and one hour before bedtime.<br />
Juice
the pears that are slightly hard. If the pear is ripe, it is best to
blend it whole with apple juice to create a thick drink. Using the whole
pear will give you additional fiber. Just remove the seeds but do not
peel the organic type.<br />
Pears have minerals, vitamins, and chemicals that help to clean out your colon, kidney and to regenerate your blood cells.<br />
Apple Juice and Prune Juice<br />
Here's
a constipation remedy that you can use if you have chronic
constipation. In addition to just drinking apple juice, you can
accelerate your peristaltic action with prune juice.<br />
Here's how to do it.<br />
If
you have a juicer you can make fresh apple juice and drink 3-4 glasses a
day. You can also drink store-bought apple juice but try to get fresh
squeezed and not the type that has been flash pasteurized or
pasteurized. If you can find fresh apple juice then use flash
pasteurized.<br />
Buy your juice in glass containers if possible.<br />
Plastic
containers are processed using solvents that stay in the container
walls and gradually outgas into the apple juice. This out gassing is
more severe when plastic containers are stored in hot places.<br />
To
speed up the laxative effects of apple juice, take the following
combination first thing in the morning before you have breakfast,<br />
Drink 2-3 cups of prune juice.
<br />
After ½ hour, drink one cup of apple juice
<br />
Then, 1-hour later drink another cup of apple juice.<br />
I usually buy my prune juice in a bottle and fresh squeeze my apple juice.<br />
Be
prepared to head for the bathroom after you drink your prune juice and
your first glass of apple juice. You may need to head to the bathroom
soon after you drink prune juice, everyone is different. I have used
this combination and have recommended it to my clients and have had good
results.<br />
Prune juice by itself is good for constipation. It is a
safe, gentle and an effective laxative. Drink a cup in the morning and a
cup in the evening. Prune juice contain the substance
dihydrophenylisatin, which is responsible for the laxative action.
Prunes are also high in iron and are a great supplement if you are
anemic or low on iron.<br />
If you add prune juice to your diet, do not
drink as much of it as you would when you have constipation. Drink ½
glass in the morning and perhaps ½ glass in the evening.</div>
<div id="article-resource">
Rudy Silva gives you more free constipation information. Go get
his free "Constipation Secrets 10 Week Course" to discover how to get
rid of Constipation: <a href="http://www.remedies-for-constipation.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_new">Other Juices</a> Go here for more free tips: <a href="http://www.stop-constipation.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_new">Constipation Remedies</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<div id="article-resource">
<b>Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes</b><br />
<a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/">Secret To A Vibrant And Healthy Lifestyle </a><br />
<a href="http://ba1f67b7ifvg3nzi52e5wf53qa.hop.clickbank.net/">That You Can Find Easily At The Comfort Of Your Kitchen.</a> <br />
<br />
<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
<span class="instructions"><br />For the world most healthy foods visit<a href="http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html"> http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html</a></span></div>
<br /></div>
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Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/35511</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3197731331425801124.post-14808945806991088442012-08-17T03:39:00.000-07:002012-08-17T03:39:25.934-07:00Let 'Em Eat Cake - Mini Gingerbread Cakes and Applesauce-Raisin Tube Cake Recipes<i>By
<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Linda_Carol_Wilson" rel="author" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Linda Carol Wilson"> Linda Carol Wilson </a></i><br />
<br />
<div id="article-body">
<div id="article-content">
We turn to cake for almost every occasion. We celebrate with
cake, we share cake with family and friends over coffee, or we like to
top off a fantastic meal with a piece of cake. We even enjoy giving
cakes as gifts from time to time or to certain people in our lives. Add
these recipes to your cake recipe files. The Mini Gingerbread Cakes are
baked in jumbo muffin tins to create the perfect size for gift giving or
for a buffet table. The Applesauce-Raisin Cake is from my collection of
old fashion recipes, this being one enjoyed for years by family and
friends.<br />
MINI GINGERBREAD CAKES
<br />
1/4 cup molasses
<br />
1/2 cup boiling water
<br />
3/4 tsp baking soda
<br />
1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
<br />
1 tsp baking powder
<br />
1 tsp ground ginger
<br />
1 tsp cinnamon
<br />
1/4 tsp ground cloves
<br />
1/4 tsp salt
<br />
6 tbsp butter, softened
<br />
2/3 cup granulate sugar
<br />
2 large eggs<br />
Preheat oven to 350 degrees.<br />
In a small bowl blend the molasses, boiling water, and baking soda; mixture will bubble.<br />
In another bowl mix the flour, baking powder, ginger, cinnamon, cloves, and salt together.<br />
In
a large mixing bowl beat the butter and granulated sugar for 2 minutes.
Beat in the eggs. Stir in the flour mixture alternating with the
molasses mixture, beginning and ending with the flour. Pour the batter
into jumbo muffin cups that have been sprayed with nonstick baking
spray.<br />
Bake cakes at 350 degrees for 25 minutes or until the cakes
test done. Cool in the pan on a wire rack for 10 minutes. Invert pan
and remove from cakes. Allow cakes to cool completely on the wire rack.<br />
Decorate
with green and red icing drizzle, if desired. To make frosting for
drizzle, blend 2 cups of powdered sugar with 3 tablespoons of water. Add
water a drip at a time if too stiff.<br />
APPLESAUCE-RAISIN TUBE CAKE
<br />
1 cup butter or oleo, softened
<br />
2 cups granulated sugar
<br />
1 egg
<br />
1 1/2 cups applesauce
<br />
2 1/2 cups sifted all-purpose flour
<br />
1 1/2 teaspoon soda
<br />
1 1/2 tsp salt
<br />
3/4 tsp cinnamon
<br />
1/2 tsp ground cloves
<br />
1/2 tsp allspice
<br />
1/2 cup water
<br />
1 cup chopped walnuts
<br />
1 cup raisins<br />
Preheat oven to 350 degrees.<br />
Grease and flour a 10-inch tube pan and set aside.<br />
In
mixer bowl combine the butter or oleo, sugar, egg, and applesauce. Beat
until light. Mix flour, soda, salt, cinnamon, cloves, and allspice. Add
to the applesauce mixture alternately with the water, mixing well after
each. Fold in the walnuts and raisins. Pour into the tube pan and bake
for 50 to 60 minutes or until the cake tests done.<br />
Enjoy!</div>
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For more of Linda's dessert recipes visit her blog at <a href="http://ladybugssweettreats.blogspot.com/" target="_new">http://ladybugssweettreats.blogspot.com</a><br />
For her old fashion recipes visit her blog at <a href="http://grandmasvintagerecipes.blogspot.com/" target="_new">http://grandmasvintagerecipes.blogspot.com</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div id="article-resource">
<b>Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes</b><br />
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<span class="instructions">For More healthy food recipes visit <a href="http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html">http://theworldmosthealthyfoodsrecipes.blogspot.com/2011/10/workd-most-healthy-foods-recipes-index.html</a></span><br />
<span class="instructions"><br />For the world most healthy foods visit<a href="http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html"> http://healthy-foods-index.blogspot.com/2011/03/healthy-foods-list.html</a></span></div>
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<a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Linda_Carol_Wilson">http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Linda_Carol_Wilson</a>
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